Murunda, Muruṇḍa: 8 definitions
Introduction:
Murunda means something in Jainism, Prakrit, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraMuruṇḍa (मुरुण्ड) refers to a sub-division of the Mlecchas: one of the two-fold division of men born in Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; on the mountains, Meru, etc., by kidnapping and power of learning, in the 2½ continents and in 2 oceans. [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. [...] The Mlecchas—[e.g., the Muruṇḍas, ...] and other non-Āryas also are people who do not know even the word ‘dharma’”.
Source: academia.edu: The epoch of the Mahavira-nirvanaMurunda dynasty according to Harivamsa Purana and Tiloyapannati.—Starting from the epoch of Mahavira nirvana (1189 BCE), Palaka ruled for 60 years, Vishaya kings for 150 years, Murundas for 40 years, Pushpamitra for 30 years, Vasumitra & Agnimitra for 60 years, Gandhavvaya or Rasabha kings for 100 years, Naravahana for 40 years, Bhattubanas for 242 years and Guptas for 231 years.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptionsMuruṇḍa (मुरुण्ड) is the name of a tribe mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. These tribes (e.g., the Muruṇḍas, latin: Murundas) migrated to places other than their original settlemenets and gave their names to the janapadas they settled. They replaced the old Vedic tribes in Punjab and Rajasthan though some of them are deemed as offshoots of the main tribe..
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryMuruṇḍa.—(EI 14, 19), Śaka title of a chief; a title or tribal name; supposed to be derived from a Scythian word meaning ‘a king’. Note: muruṇḍa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Muruṇḍa (मुरुण्ड):—m. Name of a king, [Vāsavadattā, [Introduction]]
2) [plural] Name of a dynasty and a people (cf. [Greek] Μαροῦνδαι, in Ptolemy), [Viṣṇu-purāṇa] ([varia lectio] murūṇḍa).
3) Murūṇḍa (मुरूण्ड):—[varia lectio] for muruṇḍa.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Muruṇḍa (मुरुण्ड) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Muraṃḍa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Murundagopokopo, Murundaka.
Full-text: Muranda, Surunda, Murundaka, Purunda, Maurunda, Gandhavvaya, Naravahana, Vasumitra, Palaka, Pushpamitra, Bhattubana, Vishaya, Agnimitra, Gupta, Rasabha, Mleccha.
Relevant text
Search found 4 books and stories containing Murunda, Muruṇḍa, Murūṇḍa; (plurals include: Murundas, Muruṇḍas, Murūṇḍas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 30: Mlecchas < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
Historical Elements in the Matsya Purana (by Chaitali Kadia)
Date of the Purāṇas < [Chapter 1 - An Introduction of the Purāṇas]
Jainism in Odisha (Orissa) (by Ashis Ranjan Sahoo)
Environment and Culture < [July-September, 1928]
Expansion of the Gupta Empire < [May-June, 1929]