Multiplication, Multiplies, Multiplying: 2 definitions

Introduction:

Multiplication means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

[«previous next»] — Multiplication in Yoga glossary

The Multiplication (of multiplicity) can be denoted by the Sanskrit term Udgama, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] By astonishing, [magical] feats such as [creating] enmity [among friends], driving off and killing [adversaries] and by [tantric] mantras [of all kinds], [deluded] multiplicity multiplies (udgama). By all [yogic] practices, the various Bandhas and Mudrās, nothing but union with ignorance [is achieved]. Meditation on points in the body, the channels [of vitality] and the six Cakras is an error of mind. Therefore, having abandoned all that, [because it has been] constructed by the mind, resort to the no-mind [state]. [...]”.

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch
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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Multiplying (one’s body) refers to one of the topics for mind-training (in Tibetan: lojong) forming part of the Eight Sessions Mind Training.—Cf. the “Succinct Notes on the Eight Sessions Mind Training”—an instructional text on mind training (lojong) in the form of notes based on teachings given by Könchok Tenpa Rabgye (1801–1866)—one of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s masters from the Geluk tradition.—Accordingly, [Training the Mind by Multiplying Your Body into the Number of Grains of Sand in the Ganges and Taking Upon Yourself the Sufferings of the Beings of the Six Realms]: Imagine that you multiply your body infinitely, equal to the limitless extent of space, and that once you have sent forth a body to every sentient being, all their desires are fulfilled. Then focus on each realm one by one—from the hells up through the higher realms, the ten Bodhisattva grounds included—and feel that you are taking upon yourself all the negative actions and obscurations of the beings therein and offering them your happiness and virtues.

Source: Khyentse Vision: Succinct Notes on the Eight Sessions Mind Training
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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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