Makkha: 9 definitions
Introduction:
Makkha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
General definition (in Buddhism)
Makkha (“denigration”) in Buddhism refers to one of the sixteen upakilesa (subtle defilements).
Biology (plants and animals)
Makkha in India is the name of a plant defined with Apluda mutica in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Calamina gigantea P. Beauv. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (1900)
· Observationes Botanicae (1789)
· Taxon (2000)
· Reliquiae Haenkeanae (1830)
· The Fodder Grasses of Northern India. (1888)
· Beschreibung der Gräser (1810)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Makkha, for example chemical composition, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
makkha : (m.) depreciation of another's worth.
1) Makkha, 2 (probably=makkha1, but BSk. differentiates with mrakṣya Divy 622, trsl. Index “ill-feeling”? Böhtlingk-Roth have: mrakṣya “wohlgefühl”) anger, rage Vin. I, 25. (Page 512)
2) Makkha, 1 (fr. mṛkṣ, lit. smearing over. Cp. BSk. mṛakṣa Śikṣ 198. 8, in cpd. māna-mada-mṛakṣa-paridāha etc. ) hypocrisy; usually combined with paḷāsa (see also palāsa) M. I, 15; A. I, 95, 100, 299; IV, 148, 456; V, 39, 156, 209, 310, 361; It. 3; Sn. 56, 437, 631, 1132 (cp. Nd2 484= makkhāyanā makkhāyitattaṃ niṭṭhuriya-kammaṃ, i.e. hardness, mercilessness); Dh. 150, 407; J. V, 141; Vbh. 357, 380, 389; Pug. 18, 22; Miln. 289, 380; DhA. III, 118; VI, 181.
makkha (မက္ခ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[makkha+a．parehi kataguṇaṃ makkheti pīsatīti makkho．guṇadhaṃsanā．nīti,dhā．284．mahanta+kāra+khepana．iti,ṭṭha．47．(mrakpa-saṃ)]
[မက္ခ+အ။ ပရေဟိ ကတဂုဏံ မက္ခေတိ ပီသတီတိ မက္ခော။ ဂုဏဓံသနာ။ နီတိ၊ ဓာ။ ၂၈၄။ မဟန္တ+ကာရ+ခေပန။ ဣတိဝုတ်၊ဋ္ဌ။၄၇။ (မြက္ပ-သံ)]
[Pali to Burmese]
makkha—
(Burmese text): (၁) (သူတစ်ပါး၏ဂုဏ်ကျေးဇူးကို) ကြိတ်ချေဖျက်ဆီးခြင်း၊ (သူတစ်ပါး၏)ကျေးဇူးကို မသိခြင်း၊ မက္ခတရား။ မက္ခပ္ပဟာန-ကြည့်။ (၂) (မိမိ၏) အမျက်ဒေါသ။ (၃) သူတစ်ပါးတို့က မထီလေးစားပြုခြင်း အထင်သေးခံရခြင်း။ (၄) ချေဖျက်လိုခြင်း။ မက္ခဓမ္မ-ကြည့်။ (၅) ဖုံးကွယ်လိုခြင်း။ (အခြားသူများ၏ သီလအတတ်ပညာစသော ဂုဏ်ထူးဝိသေသနှင့် မိမိအား အခြားသူများက ပြုခဲ့ဖူးသော ကျေးဇူးတရားတို့ကို ကြိတ်ချေ ဖျက်ဆီးခြင်းသဘောသည် မက္ခ၏ ထူးခြားသော အမှတ်အသားလက္ခဏာပင်ဖြစ်၏။ ထိုကို ＂ပရဂုဏမက္ခနလက္ခဏော＂ဟု ဆိုသည်။ ရေချိုးပြီးစအခါ ကိုယ်ပေါ်ရှိရေကို ကိုယ်သုတ်ပဝါဖြင့် ပြောင်စင်အောင် သုတ်ပစ်သကဲ့သို့ (ထေရ၊ဋ္ဌ၊၂။၃၆၂။ မ၊ဋီ၊၁။၂၇၂)။ အခြားသူများ၏ ဂုဏ်နှင့်ကျေးဇူးတို့ကို ဘာမျှမကျန်အောင် ကာယကံ ဝစီကံမြောက် ထိထိရောက်ရောက် ဖျက်ဆီးခြင်းသည် မက္ခ၏အလုပ်ကိစ္စ (ရသ)ဖြစ်၏။ ထိုကို ＂တေသံ ဝိနာသနရသော＂ဟု ဆိုသည်။ မက္ခတရား ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာလျှင် အခြားသူများ၏ဂုဏ်နှင့် ကျေးဇူးတရားတို့ကို ပေါ်လွင်ထင်ရှားမလာအောင် ဖုံးကွယ်တတ်သော တရားဟု ယောဂီဉာဏ်၌ ထင်လာသည်။ ထိုကို ＂တဒဝစ္ဆာဒနပစ္စုပဋ္ဌာနော＂ဟု ဆိုသည်။ ယင်းတရားကို သိမ်းပိုက်လက်ခံ ထားသူများအဖို့ အခြားသူများ၏ ဂုဏ်နှင့်ကျေးဇူးတို့ကို ထုတ်ဖော်မချီးကျူးနိုင်ဘဲ ထိုသူများ၏ မကောင်းကွက်များကိုသာ ပြောဆိုနိုင်တော့သည်ဟု ဆိုလိုသည်။ မ၊ဋ္ဌ၊၁။၁၁ဝ။ အဘိ၊ဋ္ဌ၊၂။၄၇၄။ ဣတိဝုတ်၊ဋ္ဌ။၄၇။ ယင်း မက္ခရာတရားသည် မိမိ တည်ရာပုဂ္ဂိုလ်၏ဂုဏ်ကို ဦးစွာဖျက်ဆီးပြီးမှ အခြားသူများ၏ ဂုဏ်ကျေးဇူးတို့ကို ဖျက်ဆီးတတ်ရာ အခြားသူတစ်ဦးအား မစင်ကိုင်ပြီး ပစ်ပေါက်သူနှင့်တူသည်။ အခြားသူအား မစင်ဖြင့်ပစ်ပေါက်လျှင် မိမိလက်ကို ရှေးဦးစွာ မစင်လူးသကဲ့သို့ မက္ခရာတရားသည်လည်း လက်ခံသူအားသာ ရှေးဦးစွာအကျိုးမဲ့ ဖြစ်စေသည်ဟူလို။ မက္ခဓမ္မ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) (Destroying) the merit of others, (not recognizing) the kindness of others is a blemish. Look at the blemishes of virtue. (2) (Your own) hidden malice. (3) The perception of being disrespected by others. (4) A desire to destroy. Look at the blemishes of virtue. (5) A desire to hide. (The tendency to destroy the good qualities and merits of others, which are the unique attributes of other individuals, is indeed a distinct characteristic of blemish. This is referred to as "the blemish of prestige.") Just as wiping off the water on oneself after bathing makes one clean (Thera, Dhatu, 2.362; Ma, Dhi, 1.272). The act of thoroughly and effectively destroying others' honor and merit without leaving any trace is the essence of blemish (rasa). This is referred to as "the totality of dust." When blemish arises, it can obscure the merits and kindness of others from being apparent, as understood by the yogi's wisdom. This is referred to as "the outweighing of objects of perception." Those who uphold this quality can only speak of the faults of others without glorifying their honor and merits. (Ma, Dhi, 1.114; Abi, Dhi, 2.474; Itiwut, Dhi, 47). This blemish first destroys the honor of one's own existence before it destroys the honor and merits of others, akin to someone who throws dirt on another without being clean. If one throws dirt on another, one's own hands will also be dirty beforehand, for the blemish makes the receiver ineffective first. Look at the nature of blemish.
Makkha (in Pali) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 覆 [fù]: “concealing”; “hypocrisy”; “veiled”.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Makkha (मक्ख) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Mrakṣ.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Nepali dictionary
Makkha (मक्ख):—adj. happy; pleased; overjoyed; rejoiced; delighted; adv. Happily; joyously; gladly; heartily;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+23): Makkhabhibhuta, Makkhadhamma, Makkhagaru, Makkhakudrusa, Makkhali, Makkhali Gosala, Makkhali Sutta, Makkhali Vagga, Makkhalivada, Makkhanirodha, Makkhanti, Makkhapariyutthita, Makkhapayamana, Makkhapessami, Makkhapetva, Makkhappahana, Makkhati, Makkhavinaya, Makkhayamana, Makkhayana.
Full-text (+35): Makkhaṇa, Makkhi, Makkheti, Makkhanti, Makkhati, Makkhita, Makkhesi, Makkhayana, Makkhetva, Makkhiyati, Makkhitva, Makkhappahana, Gunamakkhaka, Makkheyyam, Makkhehi, Makkhetha, Makkhessami, Makkhenta, Makkhayamana, Makkhayim.
Relevant text
Search found 9 books and stories containing Makkha, Makkha-a; (plurals include: Makkhas, as). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 321 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 294 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 303 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa) (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)
Factor 8 - Dosa (hatred) < [Chapter 2 - On akusala cetasikas (unwholesome mental factors)]
Further sources of Vijayanagara history (by K. A. Nilakanta Sastri)
Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas (by Ven. Mingun Sayadaw)
Part 2 - Māra’s Visit to deter the Bodhisatta by feigning Goodwill < [Chapter 6 - The Practice of Severe Austerities]
Addenda: Bāvarī the Brahmin Teacher (continued) < [Chapter 43 - Forty-one Arahat-Mahatheras and their Respective Etadagga titles]
Apadana commentary (Atthakatha) (by U Lu Pe Win)
Commentary on the stanza on nillolupa (free from covetousness) < [Commentary on biography of Silent Buddhas (Paccekabuddha)]
Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga (by T. W. Rhys Davids)
Mahavagga, Khandaka 1, Chapter 15 < [Khandaka 1 - The Admission to the Order of Bhikkhus]