Maruta, Māruta, Maruṭā: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Maruta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Māruta (मारुत).—The fortynine Vāyus. (For details see under DITI).
2) Māruta (मारुत).—An ancient place of habitation of south Bhārata. Those who stood on the right side of the Krauñcāruṇa Vyūha (a battle array) constructed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna in the Kurukṣetra battle were the people of Māruta from south Bhārata. (Śloka 57, Chapter 50, Bhīṣma Parva).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationMāruta (मारुत) refers to the “wind”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.9 (“Śiva’s campaign”).—Accordingly, after Śiva mounted his divine chariot: “[...] But in another instant, unable to bear the weighty splendour of lord Śiva seated in the chariot, the lordly bull had to kneel down and crawl on the ground. But the lord touched the bridle and steadied the horses. Then Brahmā seated in the excellent chariot drove the excellent chariot with the velocity of mind and wind (māruta) [manomārutaraṃhasaḥ], at the bidding of the lord towards the three cities of the valiant Asuras. The cities were then in the sky. Lord Śiva was seated inside. [...]”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Maruta (मरुत).—A son of Karandhama; he had no son and regarded Duṣyanta of Puru's family as his son.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 17.
1b) Born of Marutvatī.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 1. 112; 2. 41; Vāyu-purāṇa 10. 71; 66. 33.
1c) Mitrajyoti was his daughter.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 68. 1, 4.
2a) Māruta (मारुत).—The Wind God,1 appointed father of Bhīma;2 with Agni appointed to destroy the Asuras; Soma escaped to the ocean; Indra ordered them to dry up the ocean and they refused to incure this sin; hence were cursed to be born on the earth; did so in one body as Agastya;3 the lord of gandhas or scents.4
- 1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 10. 43; Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 194; 106. 59.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 154; Matsya-purāṇa 50. 49; Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 153.
- 3) Matsya-purāṇa 61. 3-19.
- 4) Vāyu-purāṇa 70. 11.
2b) A Pravara of the Bhārgavas.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 195. 31; 196. 19.
Māruta (मारुत) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.60.37) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Māruta) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: KathāsaritsāgaraMāruta (मारुत) refers to a “breeze”, according to the seventeenth story of the Vetālapañcaviṃśati in the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 91. Accordingly, as the Vetāla said to king Trivikramasena:—“... servants are bound to preserve their masters even by the sacrifice of their lives. But kings are inflated with arrogance, uncontrollable as elephants, and when bent on enjoyment they snap as under the chain of the moral law. [...] And the breeze of the waving chowries fans [viz., cāmara-māruta] away the atoms of the sense of scripture taught them by old men, as it fans away flies and mosquitoes. [...]”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning cāmara-māruta, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraMāruta (मारुत) refers to “high winds”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The dark spots, also known as ketus, the sons of Rāhu are Tāmasa, Kīlaka and the like, and are 33 in number. How they affect the earth depends upon their color, position and shape. [...] When the spots appear on the solar disc the waters will get disturbed; the sky will be filled with dust; high winds [i.e., māruta] capable of breaking down the tops of mountains and of trees, will carry pebbles and sand along their course”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramMaruta (मरुत) is the name of the Siddha associated with Nāda, one the eight Sacred Seats (pīṭha), according to the Yogakhaṇḍa (chapter 14) of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchMāruta (मारुत) refers to the “breath”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] Mind and breath (māruta) always combine like water and milk, and [their] activity is similar. Therefore, as long as there is mind, there is activity of breath, and as long as there is breath, there is activity of mind. In that case, when one disappears, the other disappears and when one is active, the other is active. And when both are unimpaired, there is awareness of all the sense faculties. When both have perished, there is the attainment of the state of liberation”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Māruta (मारुत) refers to the “breezes” (of the pine-trees forest of the Himalaya mountains), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the treatment of hawks]: “In summer, [...] when birds cry out piteously, then the season, like the forest fire, becomes intolerable to these birds [i.e., hawks], who are accustomed to the valleys of the Himalayas, on which fine slabs of stone lie scattered, cleanly washed by the waterfalls and overgrown with young shoots of emerald-green grass, and where the breezes (māruta) blow fragrant with the exudation of the pine-trees. Therefore cooling processes should be now resorted to”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismMāruta (मारुत) refers to a group of deities summoned by the Yamāntaka-mantra and mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Māruta).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsMaruta in the Malayalam language is the name of a plant identified with Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don from the Myricaceae (Bayberry) family having the following synonyms: Myrica sapida. For the possible medicinal usage of maruta, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarymāruta : (m.) the wind.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryMāruta, (for the usual māluta) the wind S. I, 127; Mhbv 8. (Page 530)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarymāruta (मारुत).—m S Air or wind.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishmāruta (मारुत).—m Air or wind.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMaruṭā (मरुटा).—A woman with a high forehead.
See also (synonyms): maruṇḍā.
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Maruta (मरुत).—
1) Wind.
2) A god.
Derivable forms: marutaḥ (मरुतः).
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Māruta (मारुत).—a. (-tī f.) [मरुतः इदम् अण् (marutaḥ idam aṇ)]
1) Relating to or arising from the Maruts; व्रतमेतद्धि मारुतम् (vratametaddhi mārutam) Manusmṛti 9.36.
2) Relating to wind, aerial, windy.
-taḥ 1 Wind; स कीचकैर्मारुतपूर्णरन्ध्रैः (sa kīcakairmārutapūrṇarandhraiḥ) R.2.12,34;4.55; Manusmṛti 4.122.
2) The god of wind, the deity presiding over wind; मनोजवं मारुततुल्यवेगम् (manojavaṃ mārutatulyavegam) Rām-rakṣā.33.
3) Breathing.
4) Vital air, one of the three essential humours of the body; प्रविश्य सर्वभूतानि यथा चरति मारुतः (praviśya sarvabhūtāni yathā carati mārutaḥ) Manusmṛti 9.36.
5) The trunk of an elephant.
6) Ved. A son of the Maruts.
7) Name of Viṣṇu.
8) Of Rudra.
-tī 1 The north-west quarter.
2) The daughter of the Maruts or gods; उतथ्यस्य च भार्यायां ममतायां महातपाः । मारुत्यां जनयामास भरद्वाजं बृहस्पतिः (utathyasya ca bhāryāyāṃ mamatāyāṃ mahātapāḥ | mārutyāṃ janayāmāsa bharadvājaṃ bṛhaspatiḥ) || Bu. Ch.4.74; cf. Viṣṇu P.4 19.5.
-tam The lunar mansion called Svāti.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryMaruta (मरुत).—(a-extension of prec.; not recorded in Pali), god: nara-maruta-sahasra ([compound]) Lalitavistara 95.5 (verse); marutāna (gen. pl.) Samādhirājasūtra 19.21 (verse).
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Māruta (मारुत).—a high number: Gaṇḍavyūha 106.12; compare māluta, in same list.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaruṭā (मरुटा).—f.
(-ṭā) A woman with a high forehead. E. mṛ to perish, (of love for such a woman,) uṭac aff.
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Maruta (मरुत).—m.
(-taḥ) 1. Air, wind. 2. A deity. 3. A plant, commonly Ghantapatali. E. ac added to the preceding.
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Māruta (मारुत).—m.
(-taḥ) 1. Air, wind. 2. Vital air, one of the three humours of the body. 3. A demi-god, of whom there is a class consisting of forty-nine. 4. The trunk of an elephant. n.
(-taṃ) 1. Burntoffering on conception. 2. The constellation Svati. E. mṛ to die, (by excess of it,) uti aff., and the vowel made long; the demigods, called Marutas, are said to be the sons of Diti, formed of the divisions of the fœtus in utero, by the Bajra or thunderbolt of Indra, and to be named from that deity’s addressing the fœtus he thus divided by mārodīḥ weep not.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaruta (मरुत).—[marut + a], m. Wind.
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Māruta (मारुत).—i. e. marut + a, I. adj. 1. Belonging to the Maruts,
Māruta (मारुत).—relating to the Maruts or the wind.
— [masculine] wind, air, the god of wind (adj. —° [feminine] ā), [Epithet] of Viṣṇu & Rudra; [feminine] ā [Name] of a woman, [feminine] ī (sc. diś) the north-west.
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Māruta (मारुत).—, [feminine] relating to the Maruts or the wind.
— [masculine] wind, air, the god of wind (adj. —° [feminine] ā), [Epithet] of Viṣṇu & Rudra; [feminine] ā [Name] of a woman, [feminine] ī (sc. diś) the north-west.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Maruṭā (मरुटा):—f. a woman with a high forehead, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. maruṇḍā).
2) Maruta (मरुत):—[from marut] m. wind, [Śakuntalā]
3) [v.s. ...] a god, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] Bignonia Suaveolens, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of various men, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] ([probably]) the god of war, [Mānava-gṛhya-sūtra ii, 15, 6].
7) Māruta (मारुत):—mf(ī)n. or māruta ([from] marut) relating or belonging to the Maruts, proceeding from or consisting of the M°s [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
8) relating to or derived from the wind, windy, aerial, [Manu-smṛti; Harivaṃśa] etc.
9) m. Name of Viṣṇu, [Ṛg-veda]
10) of Rudra, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
11) a son of the Maruts (applied to Vāyu, Ūrdhva-nabhas, Dyutāna or Nitāna), [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā; Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Brāhmaṇa; ???]
12) (= marut) wind, air, the god of wind, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
13) vital air, one of the 3 humours of the body, [Suśruta]
14) breath, [Śikṣā]
15) a chief of the Maruts [gana] parśv-ādi
16) Name of a Marut, [Yājñavalkya [Scholiast or Commentator]]
17) of Agni, [Gṛhyāsaṃgraha]
18) [plural] the Maruts (regarded as children of Diti), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]
19) Name of a people, [Mahābhārata] ([Bombay edition]; [Calcutta edition] maḍaka)
20) Mārutā (मारुता):—[from māruta] f. Name of a woman, [Vāsavadattā, [Introduction]]
21) Māruta (मारुत):—n. ([scilicet] ṛkska or nakṣatra) the constellation Svāti, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
22) Name of a Sāman, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Maruṭā (मरुटा):—(ṭā) 1. f. A woman with a fine high forehead.
2) Maruta (मरुत):—(taḥ) 1. m. Air; a deity; a plant.
3) Māruta (मारुत):—[mā-ruta] (ta) 1. m. Air, wind; a demigod. n. Offering on conception.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Marutā (मरुता) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Maruā, Mārua.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Maruta (मरुत) [Also spelled marut]:—(nm) air; the airgod.
2) Māruta (मारुत) [Also spelled marut]:—(nm) the air-god; air, wind.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMaruta (ಮರುತ):—
1) [noun] air in motion; wind.
2) [noun] Maruta, the Wind-God.
3) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of two short syllablic instants followed by a long one (uu-); anapaestus.
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Māruta (ಮಾರುತ):—
1) [noun] relating to wind or air.
2) [noun] relating to Wind-God.
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Māruta (ಮಾರುತ):—
1) [noun] air in natural motion; wind.
2) [noun] the Wind-God.
3) [noun] any of a group of diseases of the connective tissue, of uncertain causes or supposed to be caused by morbid affection of windy humour of the body, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and rheumatic fever; a rheumatic disease.
4) [noun] air taken into the lungs and then let out; breath.
5) [noun] wind (or air) as one of the three humours of the body.
6) [noun] Viṣṇu.
7) [noun] Rudra (a form of Śiva).
8) [noun] the trunk of an elephant.
9) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of three syllables of which first two are short and third being long (uu-).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+40): Maruta-nilaparai, Maruta-nilaventan, Marutadamdavarta, Marutaganatirtha, Marutaka, Marutakanam, Marutakkal, Marutakopana, Marutalai, Marutalaya, Marutalippu, Marutam, Marutamamdala, Marutamandana, Marutamantra, Marutamaram, Marutamaya, Marutamvrata, Marutan, Marutanam.
Ends with (+25): Agnimaruta, Aindramaruta, Amaruta, Ammaruta, Apabhramanamaruta, Atimaruta, Avamaruta, Avartamaruta, Avartapratimaruta, Cakramaruta, Camaramaruta, Candamaruta, Chemmaruta, Dirghamaruta, Durmaruta, Evayamaruta, Jamjhamaruta, Jhanjhamaruta, Krukaramaruta, Mahamaruta.
Full-text (+233): Marutavrata, Marutatmaja, Nikrida, Marua, Marutapaha, Marutashana, Sutimaruta, Marutam, Marut, Abhimarutam, Saveshiya, Amaruta, Samkrida, Maruti, Marutasunu, Maruteshvaratirtha, Atimaruta, Prakrida, Pitamaruta, Urdhvamaruta.
Relevant text
Search found 77 books and stories containing Maruta, Māruta, Maruṭā, Mārutā, Ma-ruta, Mā-ruta, Marutā; (plurals include: Marutas, Mārutas, Maruṭās, Mārutās, rutas, Marutās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Satapatha-brahmana (by Julius Eggeling)
Kāṇḍa IX, adhyāya 3, brāhmaṇa 1 < [Ninth Kāṇḍa]
Kāṇḍa IX, adhyāya 3, brāhmaṇa 2 < [Ninth Kāṇḍa]
Kāṇḍa XI, adhyāya 5, brāhmaṇa 2 < [Eleventh Kāṇḍa]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.306-307 < [Section XL - Personal Behaviour of the King]
Verse 11.121 < [Section XII - Expiation for the Immoral Religious Student (avakīrṇa)]
Verse 4.122 < [Section XIII - Days unfit for Study]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.5.25 < [Chapter 5 - The Lord’s Appearance]
Verse 4.19.57 < [Chapter 19 - A Thousand Names of Srī Yamunā]
Verse 5.20.41 < [Chapter 20 - The Liberation of Ṛbhu Muni During the Rāsa-dance Festival]
Shrimad Bhagavad-gita (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 11.6 < [Chapter 11 - Viśvarūpa-darśana-yoga (beholding the Lord’s Universal Form)]
Verse 2.23 < [Chapter 2 - Sāṅkhya-yoga (Yoga through distinguishing the Soul from the Body)]
Verse 10.21 < [Chapter 10 - Vibhūti-yoga (appreciating the opulences of the Supreme Lord)]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 8.29 < [Chapter 8 - Literary Qualities]
Text 10.130 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 7.97 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
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