Kumari, Kumārī, Kumāri: 26 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Kumari means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyKumārī (कुमारी) is another name for Mallikā (Jasminum sambac “Sambac jasmine”), from the Oleaceae family of flowering plants. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Carakasaṃhitā.
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu1) Kumārī (कुमारी) is another name for Vandhyākarkoṭakī, a medicinal plant identified with Momordica dioica (spiny gourd) from the Cucurbitaceae or “gourd family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.61-63 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Kumārī and Vandhyākarkoṭakī, there are a total of nineteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
2) Kumārī (कुमारी) is also mentioned as a synonym for Gṛhakanyā, a medicinal plant commonly identified with Aloe vera var. chinensis Baker from the Asphodelaceae family of flowering plants, according to verse 5.47-49. The fifth chapter (parpaṭādi-varga) of this book enumerates sixty varieties of smaller plants (kṣudra-kṣupa). Together with the names Kumārī and Gṛhakanyā, there are a total of twenty-one Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaKumārī (कुमारी) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Aloe barbadensis Mill.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning kumārī] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraKumārī (कुमारी) is a Sanskrit technical term referring an “unmarried daughter ”. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya, verse 9.131)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇaKumārī (कुमारी).—One of the seven major rivers in Śākadvīpa, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 86. Śākadvīpa is one of the seven islands (dvīpa), ruled over by Medhātithi, one of the ten sons of Priyavrata, son of Svāyambhuva Manu, who was created by Brahmā, who was in turn created by Nārāyaṇa, the unknowable all-pervasive primordial being.
The Varāhapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 24,000 metrical verses, possibly originating from before the 10th century. It is composed of two parts and Sūta is the main narrator.
Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇaKumārī (कुमारी) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (e.g., Kumārī) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”
The Matsyapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 20,000 metrical verses, dating from the 1st-millennium BCE. The narrator is Matsya, one of the ten major avatars of Viṣṇu.
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Kumārī (कुमारी).—A princess of the Kekaya kingdom. She was the mother of Pratiśravas, and wife of Bhīmasena, a King of the Puru dynasty. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 95, Verse 43).
2) Kumārī (कुमारी).—In verse 31, Chapter 23 of the Vana Parva, it is stated that certain maidens were born from the body of Skanda. They were called Kumārīs and they used to eat unborn children in the womb of their mothers.
3) Kumārī (कुमारी).—Wife of the serpent called Dhanañjaya. (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 117, Verse 17).
4) Kumārī (कुमारी).—A river in ancient India. (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 36).
5) Kumārī (कुमारी).—A river in the Śāka island. (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 11, Verse 32).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Kumārī (कुमारी).—A daughter of Lalitā aged nine, and trained in military art. Attacked and slew all the sons of Bhaṇḍa to the joy of the Śakti troops;1 goddess enshrined at Māyāpurī.2
1b) A R. from the Śuktimat hill.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 38; Matsya-purāṇa 163. 86.
1c) (siddhā)—A river of Śākadvīpa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 19. 96; Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 81; 49. 92; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 4. 65.
1d) Noted for Candratīrtha.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 77. 28.
2) Kumāri (कुमारि).—Cape Comorin, fit for śrāddha offerings.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 11; III. 13. 28.
Kumārī (कुमारी) refers to the name of a River mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.34). Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Kumārī) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Kumārī also refers to the name of a Tīrtha (pilgrim’s destination) mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. III.86.11).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraKumārī (कुमारी).—The name of a plant, possibly identified with Aloe indica. It is used in various alchemical processess related to mercury (rasa or liṅga), according to the Rasārṇavakalpa (11th-century work dealing with Rasaśāstra).
Rasashastra (रसशास्त्र, rasaśāstra) is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Sreenivasarao's blog: Saptamatrka (part 4)Kumari or Kaumari refers to one of the seven mother-like goddesses (Matrika).—The Matrikas emerge as shaktis from out of the bodies of the gods: Kaumari from Skanda. The order of the Saptamatrka usually begins with Brahmi symbolizing creation. Then, Vaishnavi and Maheshvari. Then, Kaumari, Guru-guha, the intimate guide in the cave of one’s heart, inspires aspirations to develop and evolve.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraKumārī (कुमारी, “maidens”) refers to one of the classes of “women” (strī) who have dealings with the king, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 34. Accordingly, “girls who have no experience of love’s enjoyment (rati-saṃbhoga), and are quiet, devoid of rashness, modest, and bashful, are said to be maidens (kumārī)”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Shodhganga: Bhismacaritam a critical studyKumārī (कुमारी) is the name of a Sanskrit metre (chandas) [defined as इ.वं.वं.वं] of the Vaṃśastha type as employed in the Bhīṣmacarita (Bhishma Charitra) which is a mahākāvya (‘epic poem’) written by Hari Narayan Dikshit.—We find twenty-six examples of Kumārī variety of Vaṃśastha metre in the Bhīṣmacarita. The example of it is verse XV.10. [...] The other examples are as follows: XV.11, XV.17, XV.32, XV.49, XVI.1, XVI.4, XVI.14, XVI.15, XVI.22, XVI.39, XVI.40, XVII.2, XVII.10, XVII.18, XVII.20, XVII.27, XVII.41, XVIII.23, XIX.4, XIX.14, XIX.22, XIX.40, XX.5, XX.20 and XX.52
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Jaina YogaKumārī (कुमारी) in both Sanskrit and Prakrit refers to the plant Elettaria cardamomum Maton. This plant is classifed as ananta-kāya, or “plants that are inhabited by an infinite number of living organisms”, and therefore are abhakṣya (forbidden to consume) according to both Nemicandra (in his Pravacana-sāroddhāra v245-246) and Hemacandra (in his Yogaśāstra 3.44-46). Those plants which are classified as ananta-kāyas (e.g., kumārī) seem to be chosen because of certain morphological peculiarities such as the possession of bulbs or rhizomes orthe habit of periodically shedding their leaves; and in general theyare characterized by possibilities of vegetative reproduction.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarykumārī : (f.) a girl; virgin.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryKumārī, (f.) a young girl Vin. II, 10; V, 129 (thulla°); A. III, 76; J. III, 395 (daharī k°); Pug. 66 (itthī vā k° vā).
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykumarī (कुमरी).—f See kumbarī.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkumārī (कुमारी).—f An unmarried girl, a young virgin. Aloe plant.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKumārī (कुमारी).—
1) A young girl, one from 1 to 12 years old.
2) A maiden, virgin; त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदीक्षेत कुमार्यृतुमती सती (trīṇi varṣāṇyudīkṣeta kumāryṛtumatī satī) Ms.9.9;11.59; व्यावर्ततान्योपगमात्कुमारी (vyāvartatānyopagamātkumārī) R.6.69.
3) A girl or daughter in general.
4) Name of Durgā.
5) Name of several plants (Mar. koraphaḍa, karṭaulī, kāṃṭeśevaṃtī, baṭamogarā i.)
6) Name of Sītā.
7) Large cardamoms.
8) The southern extremity of the Indian peninsula (cf. the modern name Cape Comorin).
See also (synonyms): kumārikā.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryKumārī (कुमारी).—(1) , name of four female deities (mahāyakṣiṇyaḥ (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 575.10), also called Bhaginī, q.v., and noted only in (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa; they have a brother called Kumāra (but ap- parently not = Kārttikeya), 45.17; 518.14; but his real name seems to have been Tumburu (otherwise known in Sanskrit as a gandharva), 537.7; 538.1, et alibi; 575.10; in 538.1; 542.9 he is called sārthavāha; otherwise they may be simply bhrātṛ-pañcamāḥ, 44.25; they are to be por- trayed standing on ships and living in the ocean, 44.25; 45.17; 575.11; they are called Kumārī 45.17; 518.14; 575.10, but Bhaginī 17.4; 44.25; 519.8 ff. The last begins a long passage dealing with them, extending to p. 546, in which repeatedly their names appear as Jayā, Vijayā, Ajitā, and Aparājitā (523.6 ff.; 528.2, 9 ff.; 537.7 ff.; 539.7, 25; 540.5; 543.3 ff.); (2) name of one specific yakṣiṇī (hardly one of the above-mentioned four): (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 567.11; 569.5; also called (yakṣa-) Kumārikā (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 569.4.
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Kumārī (कुमारी) or Bhaginī.—(1), q.v.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kumārī (कुमारी):—[from kumāra] a f. a young girl, one from ten to twelve years old, maiden, daughter, [Atharva-veda; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] or (in the Tantras) any virgin up to the age of sixteen or before menstruation has commenced
3) [v.s. ...] Name of certain flags (set up along with Indra’s banner), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of the wife of Bhīma-sena (son of Parīkṣit), [Mahābhārata i, 3796]
5) [v.s. ...] of a daughter of Vasu-deva by Rohiṇī, [Harivaṃśa 1952]
6) [v.s. ...] of Sītā (Rāma’s wife), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] of the goddess Durgā, [Harivaṃśa 9425]
8) [v.s. ...] of Dākṣāyaṇī (in Māyā-purī), [Matsya-purāṇa]
9) [v.s. ...] of a metre (a kind of Śakvarī, consisting of four lines of sixteen syllables each)
10) [v.s. ...] the bird commonly called Śyāmā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] the plant Aloe perfoliata, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] the plant Clitoria ternatea (= a-parājitā), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [v.s. ...] the plant Jasminum Sambac, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] the plant commonly called bandhyā-karkoṭakī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] the blossom of the plants Taruṇī and Modinī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) [v.s. ...] great cardamoms, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
17) [v.s. ...] the most southerly of the nine portions of the known continent or of Jambū-dvīpa (the southern extremity of the peninsula, whence the modern name Cape Comorin [Kumārī]), [Horace H. Wilson]
18) [v.s. ...] the central part of the universe (according to Hindū geography, Jambū-dvīpa or India), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
19) [v.s. ...] Name of a river flowing from the mountain Śuktimat, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
20) [v.s. ...] of another river, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
21) [v.s. ...] (when a name is given to a pupil to indicate his attachment to any particular master, kumārī may be prefixed to denote that the pupil’s object is to gain the affections of the master’s daughter e.g. kumārī-dākṣa q.v. sub voce kumārī)
22) Kumāri (कुमारि):—[from kumāra] (shortened for rī q.v.; cf. [Pāṇini 6-3, 63]).
23) Kumārī (कुमारी):—[from kumāra] b f. of ra q.v.
24) [v.s. ...] mfn. desirous of a daughter, [Pāṇini 1-4, 3; Patañjali]
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kumārī (कुमारी) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Kuṃārī, Kumārī.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryKumārī (कुमारी):—(a) virgin, maiden; unmarried; (nf) a virgin/maiden; cape; —[kanyā] a virgin girl.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Kuṃārī (कुंआरी) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kumārī.
2) Kumārī (कुमारी) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Kumārī.
3) Kumārī (कुमारी) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Kumārī.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKumari (ಕುಮರಿ):—
1) [noun] a tract of land cleared of forest or trees.
2) [noun] a tract of land that is unable to produce vegetation; a barren land.
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Kumari (ಕುಮರಿ):—
1) [noun] a female off-spring; a daughter.
2) [noun] a girl or woman who has never had sexual intercourse; a virgin.
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Kumāri (ಕುಮಾರಿ):—
1) [noun] a female off-spring; a daughter.
2) [noun] a girl or woman who has never had sexual intercourse; a virgin.
3) [noun] a girl before her age of puberty.
4) [noun] a respectful mode of addressing a girl or woman who is not married.
5) [noun] the plant Jasminum grandiflorum ( = J. officinale) of Oleaceae family; Arabian jasmine.
6) [noun] its flower.
7) [noun] the plant Aloe perfoliata of Liliaceae family.
8) [noun] the plant Rosa alba of Rosaceae family.
9) [noun] the tree Diospyros eregrina ( = d. embryopteris, = D. glutenifera) of Ebenaceae family; river ebony.
10) [noun] Durgā, the formidable form of Pārvati.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+33): Kumari-sahasa, Kumaribetta, Kumaribhaga, Kumaribhava, Kumaribhuta Vagga, Kumarida, Kumaridaksha, Kumaridara, Kumaridatta, Kumaridvipa, Kumarihridaya, Kumarika, Kumarikakhanda, Kumarikakshetra, Kumarikalpa, Kumarikapujana, Kumarikapura, Kumarikaputra, Kumarikasava, Kumarikashvashura.
Ends with (+2): Adikumari, Alamkumari, Atirajakumari, Dikkumari, Dutthakumari, Ghritakumari, Grihakumari, Kanyakumari, Karnakumari, Kulakumari, Matamgakumari, Matangakumari, Nagakumari, Natyakumari, Rajakumari, Shakrakumari, Shaktikumari, Sukumari, Thulakumari, Thullakumari.
Full-text (+158): Kumarika, Ghritakumari, Alamkumari, Kumara, Kumaritama, Kumarida, Kumaridatta, Kanyakumari, Nandopanandasamjna, Kumaripuja, Upanandasamjna, Karnakumari, Kumariputra, Kumarishvashura, Grihakanya, Grihakumari, Sukumari, Kumaripura, Kumaritara, Nagakumari.
Relevant text
Search found 41 books and stories containing Kumari, Kumārī, Kumāri, Kumarī, Kuṃārī; (plurals include: Kumaris, Kumārīs, Kumāris, Kumarīs, Kuṃārīs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 1.7.104-106 < [Chapter 7 - Pūrṇa (pinnacle of excellent devotees)]
The Devi Bhagavata Purana (by Swami Vijñanananda)
Chapter 27 - On the virgins fit to be worshipped and the Glory of the Devī < [Book 3]
Chapter 26 - On the narration of what are to be done in the Navarātri < [Book 3]
Chapter 30 - On the birth of Gaurī, the seats of the Deity, and the distraction of Śiva < [Book 7]
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 195 [Bimba and Pratibimba] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
The Vishnu Purana (by Horace Hayman Wilson)
Chapter III - Description of Bharata-varsha < [Book II]
Chapter IV - Account of kings, divisions, mountains, rivers, and inhabitants of the other Dvipas < [Book II]
Topographical Lists from the Mahābhārata < [Book II]
The Brahma Purana (by G. P. Bhatt)