Kukkura: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Kukkura means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Kukkura (कुक्कुर).—A King of the Lunar dynasty, the founder of the Kukkura dynasty.
2) Kukkura (कुक्कुर).—A noble sage who distinguished himself in Dharmaputra’s court. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 4, Verse 19).
3) Kukkura (कुक्कुर).—An urban region in ancient India. (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 42).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexKukkura (कुक्कुर).—A commander of Bhaṇḍa; killed by Kulasundarikā in battle.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 21. 79; 25. 28 and 97.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti textsKukkura (कुक्कुर) or Śvāna refers to the animal “Domestic dog” (Canis lupus familiaris).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Kukkura] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Kukkura (कुक्कुर) refers to “dogs” (employed while hunting), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting by the observation of footprints is It is of two kinds: [...] (a) Hunting by the observation of the footprints of dogs is that in which dogs (kukkura) are employed to search the prey ; and after much trouble it is killed in its den. [...]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesA rock near Himava. The Buddha Vipassi once visited it, and Pupphathupiya lived there in a previous birth (Ap.i.158).
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraKukkura (कुक्कुर, “dog”) represents an incarnation destination of the tiryaggati (animal realm) according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII).—The Bodhisattva sees the animals (tiryak) undergoing all the torments: they are made to gallop by blows of the whip or stick; they are made to make long journeys carrying burdens; their harness is damaged; they are branded with hot iron. If they have deceived honest people (sajjanāvamāna), they take the body of [for example], a dog (kukkura).
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsKukkura (कुक्कुर) refers to a “dog”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “A god becomes [filled] with lamenting, a dog [com.—kukkura] ascends to heaven, a Brāhman might become discernible in substance [as a dog] or an insect or even a low outcaste (śvapaca). Like an actor here on the stage, the embodied soul continually takes on individual characters [and] he abandons others”.
Synonyms: Śva, Sārameya.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Ancient Buddhist Texts: Geography of Early BuddhismKukkura (कुक्कुर) or Kukkurapabbata is the name of a mountain situated in Majjhimadesa (Middle Country) of ancient India, as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts (detailing the geography of ancient India as it was known in to Early Buddhism).—These pabbatas [Kukkura, Kosika, and Kadamba] are stated in the Apadāna (pp. 155, 381 and 382 respectively) to be not very far off from the Himavanta.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Kukkura in India is the name of a plant defined with Clerodendrum infortunatum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Clerodendrum infortunatum auct. non L. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Cytologia (1983)
· Schlüssel Hortus indicus malabaricus (1818)
· De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum (1788)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Rev. Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (1983)
· Glimpses of Cytogenetics in India (1992)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Kukkura, for example side effects, diet and recipes, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, health benefits, extract dosage, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarykukkura : (m.) a dog.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryKukkura, (Sk. kurkura, or is it ku-krura? Cp. kurūra) a dog. usually of a fierce character, a hound A. III, 389; V, 271; J. I, 175 sq.; 189; Pv III, 7Q; Sdhp. 90. In similes: S. IV, 198; M. I, 364; A. IV, 377.—f. kukkurinī Miln. 67.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykukkura (कुक्कुर).—m S A dog. Ex. itakyā pāvasānta andhārānta jāṇārā ēkaca cākara kīṃ ku0.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkukkura (कुक्कुर).—m A dog.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर).—(-rī f.) [Uṇ 1.41] A dog; यस्यैतच्च न कुक्कुरैरहरहर्जङ्घान्तरं चर्व्यते (yasyaitacca na kukkurairaharaharjaṅghāntaraṃ carvyate) Mṛcchakaṭika 2.12.
-ram A vegetable perfume.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर).—m.
(-raḥ) A dog. n.
(-raṃ) A vegetable perfume, commonly Ganthiala: see granthiparṇī. f. (-rī) A bitch. E. kuk to take. uran Unadi affix, and ka inserted; also kukura.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर).—. 1. see kurkura. 2. m. The name of a muni, or sage, Mahābhārata 2, 113. 3. m. pl. The name of a people, Mahābhārata 2, 1872.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर).—[masculine] dog, [feminine] ī bitch.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kukkura (कुक्कुर):—m. ([Uṇādi-sūtra i, 41]; [from] kurkura), a dog, [Mṛcchakaṭikā; Purāṇa-sarvasva; Hitopadeśa]
2) a despicable man of a mixed caste (= kukkuṭa), [Kāraṇḍa-vyūha]
3) Name of a Muni, [Mahābhārata ii, 113]
4) of a prince (son of Andhaka), [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
5) of an author, [Tantr.]
6) m. [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata ii, 1872; vi, 368; Viṣṇu-purāṇa; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
7) n. a vegetable perfume, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर):—(raḥ) 1. m. A dog. f. rī A bitch. n. A vegetable perfume.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kukkura (कुक्कुर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kukkura.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryKukkura (कुक्कुर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kukkura.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKukkura (ಕುಕ್ಕುರ):—
1) [noun] a dog.
2) [noun] the plant Artemisia maritima of Asteraceae family; worm seed plant.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kukkura Jataka, Kukkuradanta, Kukkuradru, Kukkurapabbata, Kukkurasangha, Kukkurashila, Kukkuravac, Kukkuravach, Kukkuravatika, Kukkuravatika Sutta, Kukkuravratika, Kukkuravrksam.
Ends with: Nrikukkura, Ukkukkura.
Full-text (+19): Kukkuradru, Kukura, Kukkuta, Kurkura, Kukkurovada, Kukkuri, Dushshatha, Vataraktaghna, Nrikukkura, Hastivrata, Kukara, Kukkuravac, Kukkurasangha, Kurkkura, Kukkurapabbata, Rudatha, Kukkuravatika, Kukkar, Kunapa, Kukkal.
Relevant text
Search found 13 books and stories containing Kukkura; (plurals include: Kukkuras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.8.19-021 < [Chapter 8 - The Manifestation of Opulences]
Verse 3.3.28 < [Chapter 3 - Mahāprabhu’s Deliverance of Sarvabhauma, Exhibition of His Six-armed Form, and Journey to Bengal]
Verse 2.9.173 < [Chapter 9 - The Lord’s Twenty-One Hour Ecstasy and Descriptions of Śrīdhara and Other Devotees’ Characteristics]
The Vishnu Purana (by Horace Hayman Wilson)
Chapter XIV - Dynasty of Anamitra and Andhaka < [Book IV]
Chapter XXXVII - The curse of the sages and destruction of the Yadu race < [Book V]
Chapter XXXV - Wedding of Samba, the son of Krishna < [Book V]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section LI < [Bhagavat-Gita Parva]
Section CCXXX < [Mokshadharma Parva]
Section XLIX < [Sisupala-badha Parva]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
The beings of the threefold world (traidhātuka) < [The world of transmigration]
V. The concept of revulsion toward food (āhāre pratikūla-saṃjñā) < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]
The eight great hells < [The world of transmigration]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CXXXIX - Genealogy of the princes of the lunar race < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]
Animal Kingdom (Tiryak) in Epics (by Saranya P.S)