Kshemaraja, Kṣemaraja: 11 definitions
Introduction:
Kshemaraja means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Kṣemaraja can be transliterated into English as Ksemaraja or Kshemaraja, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Shaiva philosophy
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) is the author of the Pratyabhijñāhṛdaya: an 11th century Sanskrit book written by Kṣemarāja (in the Kashmir Valley) dealing with non-dual Śaiva Tantra and philosophy.—The author, Rājānaka Kṣemarāja, called it Pratyabhijñāhṛdaya, which means ‘the Essence of the Recognition philosophy’ or ‘the Heart of the teachings on Recognition’—recognition, that is, of oneself and all beings as expression of the singular, universal, divine Consciousness. The Recognition philosophy is the most fully developed body of teachings in non-dual Śaiva Tantra. It arose in Kashmīr in the early 900s and eventually spread through the whole Indian subcontinent, being especially well studied in the far south as well as the far north.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Rajanaka Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) (late 10th to early 11th century) was a philosopher and a disciple of Abhinavagupta. He wrote original works of Kashmir Shaivism including the set of sutras entitled Pratyabhijna Hridayam.
Kṣemarāja (c. 1000—1050)| A theologian of the Pratyabhijñā school of Kashmir(i) Śaivism, and pupil of Abhinavagupta. He was the author of a number of works of non-dualistic theology, including the Pratyabhijñāhṛdaya and an authoritative commentary on the Svacchanda Tantra.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) is the author of the Nāṇapaṃcamīstavana (dealing with Festivals in Jain literature),which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—For the author, Kṣemarāja, who belonged to the kharataragaccha and was a pupil of Somadhvaja Upādhyāya, Jain gurjar Kavio 1, p. 487 is not sufficient (only one work mentioned). For more details see Vinayasāgar, KhG Sāhitya Kośa where several works by him are listed. One of them is a Prakrit treatise, the Upadeśasaptatikā, accompanied by an auto-commentary, which was composed in VS 1547 (no. 257; ed. for instance in Śāstra Saṃdeśamālā vol. 8 pp. 270-276). Another dated work is the Śrāvakavidhi Caupaī from VS 1546 (no. 2686).
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Kṣemarāja.—(LL), title of a pious king. Note: kṣemarāja is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) (ca. 905-930) refers to one of the seven kings of the Cāpotkaṭa dynasty of Gujarat, according to the Sukṛtasaṃkīrtana.—Cf. Vividhatīrthakalpa by Jinaprabhasūri (13th century A.D.); “Navsāri grant of Pulakeśī Janāśrāya” (Vocr p. 230, cited by Sankalia 1941 p. 36); Ratnamālā; Prabandhacintāmaṇi (14.26-15.4); Kumārapālacarita; Sukṛtasaṃkīrtana (quoted Burgess 1903 p. 7); JBBRAS IX p. 155.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—son of Naravaidya Manmatha: Kṣemakutūhala med. Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha med. Bhr. 369.
Kṣemarāja has the following synonyms: Kṣema śarman.
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज):—[=kṣema-rāja] [from kṣema] m. (probably = mendra q.v.) Name of a Śaiva philosopher (pupil of Abhinava-gupta and author of the Stavacintāmaṇi-vṛtti, the Sva-cchandôddyota, the Parameśa-stotrāvalī-vṛtti, the Paramārtha-saṃgraha-vivṛtti, the Pratyabhijñā-hṛdaya, the Sāmba-pañcāśikā-vivaraṇa, and of other works).
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज):—(kṣema + rāja) m. Nomen proprium eines Mannes [Weber’s Verzeichniss No. 1355.]
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज):—m. Nomen proprium eines Mannes.
Kṣemarāja (क्षेमराज) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Khemarāya.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kshema, Raja.
Full-text (+1851): Rajanaka kshemaraja, Kulapancashika, Channa, Puryashtaka, Avalambana, Sphara, Spanda, Vijnanabhairava, Sarvamangala, Spandasamdoha, Pranava, Svachandanaya, Vishalaksha, Khadga, Samavesha, Svachandoddyota, Prana, Paramarsha, Tantrasadbhava, Timirodghata.
Relevant text
Search found 41 books and stories containing Kshemaraja, Kṣemaraja, Ksemaraja, Kṣemarāja, Kshema-raja, Kṣema-rāja, Ksema-raja; (plurals include: Kshemarajas, Kṣemarajas, Ksemarajas, Kṣemarājas, rajas, rājas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Svacchandatantra (history and structure) (by William James Arraj)
2.3 Commentatorial Techniques < [Introduction]
2.1 Kshemaraja, a proponent of Monistic Shaivism < [Introduction]
2.4 Harmonization and Commentatorial Goals < [Introduction]
Vasantavilasa of Balachandra Suri (translation and study) (by R. T. Bhat)
Part 2.5 - Biography of Bhima (A.D.1023-1065) < [Chapter 2 - History of Chaulukyas up to Vastupala]
Part 2.6 - Biography of Karna (A.D.1065-1093) < [Chapter 2 - History of Chaulukyas up to Vastupala]
Part 2.8 - Biography of Kumarapala (A.D. 1143-1172) < [Chapter 2 - History of Chaulukyas up to Vastupala]
A Historical Study of Trika Shaivism (by Haroon Rashid Ganai)
Part 1 - Introduction—Scriptural Authority of Trika Shaivism < [Chapter 4 - Tradition, Philosophy and Scriptural Authority]
Part 6 - Dialogues in Empire < [Chapter 3 - Historicizing Trika Shaivism]
Part 2 - Popular narratives of the origin of Trika Shaivism < [Chapter 3 - Historicizing Trika Shaivism]
Principle of Shakti in Kashmir Shaivism (Study) (by Nirmala V.)
Part 2.2 - Bhairava: The All-Transcending Quintessence < [Chapter 5 - Impacts of the Evolution]
Part 8 - Śākta Nature: The Inherent Unconscious of Spanda < [Chapter 3 - Evolution of Śakti in Kashmir Śaivism]
Part 2.3 - Hṛdaya: the Primal Aspect < [Chapter 5 - Impacts of the Evolution]
Shaiva Tantra: A way of Self-awareness (by L. N. Sharma)
Chapter 11 - The Master and the Disciple
Chapter 12 - Eschatology (examination of death in Tantra)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)