Krosha, Krośa: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Krosha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Krośa can be transliterated into English as Krosa or Krosha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Krośa (क्रोश) refers to a particular distance-unit, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.22 (“Description of Jalandhara’s Battle”).—Accordingly, as Jalandhara attacked Śiva: “[...] The highly infuriated great Asura [Jalandhara] rushed at Śiva with the mailed fist lifted up, with a desire to kill him. By a volley of arrows Jalandhara was hurled back a krośa [e.g., krośamātramapākṛtaḥ] by Śiva of indefatigable enterprise. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Krośa (क्रोश) refers to a “measure of length”, and represents a technical term occurring in the Gaṇitasāra-saṅgraha—an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with ancient Indian algebra and mathematical problems written by Mahāvīra (Mahāvīrācārya) in the 9th century.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Krośa (क्रोश), as a measure of distance (lit. ‘a shout,’ as expressing the range of the voice), is found in the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Krośa (क्रोश) refers to a unity of measurement corresponding to 4000 hasta (2 km), and represents a Jaina technical term mentioned in the Vividhatīrthakalpa by Jinaprabhasūri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (tīrthas).
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Krośa.—(CII 1), a distance of about two miles and a quarter. Note: krośa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
krōśa (क्रोश).—m S A kos or cos. See at large under kōsa.
krōśa (क्रोश).—m A Kos.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Krośa (क्रोश).—[kruś-ghañ]
1) A cry, yell, shout, scream, noise.
2) A measure of distance equal to 1/4th of a Yojana, a Kośa क्रोशार्धं प्रकृतिपुरःसरेण गत्वा (krośārdhaṃ prakṛtipuraḥsareṇa gatvā) R.13.79; समुद्रात्पुरी क्रोशौ (samudrātpurī krośau) (nom.) or क्रोशयोः (krośayoḥ) (loc.)
3) A measure of time equal to 48 minutes; क्रोशमास्ते । क्रोशं स्वपिति (krośamāste | krośaṃ svapiti) Mahābhārata on P.1. 4.51.
Derivable forms: krośaḥ (क्रोशः).
Krośa (क्रोश).—m.
(-śaḥ) A measure of distance, a league, a Kos, containing 4000 cubits; some double this, and make the Kos 8000 cubits. E. kruś to call, &c, affix ghañ.
Krośa (क्रोश).—i. e. kruś + a, m. 1. Cry (ved.). 2. A measure of distance, containing 4,000 cubits, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 90, 1.
Krośa (क्रोश).—[masculine] shout, yell; calling distance.
1) Krośa (क्रोश):—[from kruś] a m. (cf. klośa) a cry, yell, shriek, shout, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xxx, 19; Taittirīya-saṃhitā vii] (cf. karṇa-k)
2) [v.s. ...] ‘the range of the voice in calling or hallooing’, a measure of distance (an Indian league, commonly called a Kos= 1000 Daṇḍas = 4000 Hastas = 1/4 Yojana; according to others = 2000 Daṇḍas = 8000 Hastas = 1/2 Gavyūti), [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] n. ([gana] jvalādi), Name of different Sāmans, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā vii; Lāṭyāyana; Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]
4) b etc. See √kruś.
Krośa (क्रोश):—(śaḥ) 1. m. A measure of distance 4000 cubits or 1(1/4) mile; some make it 8000 cubits.
Krośa (क्रोश):—(von kruś)
1) m. a) parox. Schrei, Ruf [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 30, 19.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 7, 5, 8, 1.] karṇakrośa Ohrensummen [GOBH. 3, 3, 26.] — b) Rufweite, eine best. Entfernung, = [1000] daṇḍa = 4000 hasta = (1/4) yojana [VIṢṆUDHARM.] bei [Raghunandanabhaṭṭācārya] [Āhnikatattva 1, 221.] [Rgva tch’er rol pa 142. 11. 887.] = 2000 daṇḍa = [8000] hasta = (1/4) yojana [Algebra 2.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 2, 3.] zwei krośa = gavyūti [Amarakoṣa 2, 1, 18.] purastādyojane hotā, itare krośapratyavāyena [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 22, 3, 33. 38.] [Mahābhārata 1, 6400.] [Duaupadīpramātha 8, 53.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 90, 1.] [Pañcatantra I, 447.] [Raghuvaṃśa 13, 79.] [Rgva tch’er rol pa 138.] —
2) n. Name eines Sāman [LĀṬY. 7, 1. 1. 7, 30.] — krośa gaṇa jvalādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 1, 140.]
--- OR ---
Krośa (क्रोश):—
1) b) [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 16, 13,] [?12; vgl. Weber’s Indische Studien 8, 432. fgg.] —
2) [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 7, 5, 8, 1.]
Krośa (क्रोश):—1. m. —
1) Schrei , Ruf. —
2) das Sausen in karṇa. —
3) Rufweite als best. Wegemaass.
--- OR ---
Krośa (क्रोश):—2. n. Name verschiedener Sāman [Ārṣeyabrāhmaṇa] Nom.abstr. krośatva n. [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 7,5,8,1.]
Krośa (क्रोश) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Āosa, Kosa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Krōśa (ಕ್ರೋಶ):—
1) [noun] a calling out; a cry; yell; scream.
2) [noun] a measure of distance (of three to four miles).
--- OR ---
Krōṣā (ಕ್ರೋಷಾ):—[noun] a kind of needlework in which loops of a thread or yarn are interwoven by means of a single hooked needle; crochet.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Krośa (क्रोश):—n. 1. a yell; shriek; scream; shout; 2. a measure of distance comprising of 3500 leagues;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kroshadhvani, Kroshamana, Kroshamatra, Kroshamatragata, Kroshamatrasthita, Kroshana, Kroshanatha, Kroshat, Kroshatala, Kroshayuga.
Full-text (+90): Akrosha, Anukrosha, Utkrosha, Upakrosha, Apakrosha, Kroshatala, Kroshadhvani, Yathakrosham, Avakrosha, Prakrosha, Vikrosha, Pratikrosha, Samkrosha, Kroshayuga, Indrakrosha, Karnakrosha, Pancakrosha, Parikrosha, Gavyuti, Kraushashatika.
Relevant text
Search found 80 books and stories containing Krosha, Krośa, Krosa, Krōśa, Krōṣā; (plurals include: Kroshas, Krośas, Krosas, Krōśas, Krōṣās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Verse 173.2 < [Anuccheda 173]
Shaivacintamani (analytical study) (by Swati Sucharita Pattanaik)
Part 1.6 - Description of Liṅgarāja Worship < [Chapter 2: Śaivism in Śaiva Purāṇas of Odisha]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verses 1.13.9-10 < [Chapter 13 - The Liberation of Pūtanā]
Verse 1.3.33 < [Chapter 3 - Description of the Lord’s Appearance]
Verse 2.2.8 < [Chapter 2 - Description of Girirāja Govardhana’s Birth]
Ganitatilaka (Sanskrit text and English introduction) (by H. R. Kapadia)
Kathasaritsagara (cultural study) (by S. W. Chitale)
Articles of Trade (Import and Export) < [Chapter 3 - Economic Conditions]
Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri (by Ratnakar Mohapatra)
1. Introduction and Extend of Purushottama-kshetra < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]