Kravyada, Kravya-ada, Kravyāda: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Kravyada means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):—Sixth of the nine male deities, presiding over the Dūtīcakra, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra. They originated from Ananta (presiding deity of the Dūtīcakra), who multiplies himself nine times. These nine deities divide themself each nine times, resulting in the eighty-one Dūtīs.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) are the vulture and other birds that eat raw flesh only, and also the peacock and others that eat both raw and cooked flesh. (See the Manubhāṣya verse 5.11)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—A particular group of the Manes or the deified ancestors that receive the souls of the deceased. Mention is made about the Kravyādas in Mahābhārata, Śānti Parva, Chapter 269, Stanza 15.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) is another name for an Asura, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.23 (“Outraging the modesty of Vṛndā”).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra narrated to Vyāsa: “[...] The gentle lady Vṛndā, the wife of Jalandhara, though of pure rites, had a very bad dream at night on account of Viṣṇu’s power of illusion. In the dream as a result of Viṣṇu’s power of illusion she saw the naked form of her husband anointed with oil and seated on a buffalo. He was proceeding in the southern direction. His head had been completely shaved. He was wearing black flowers to decorate himself. He was being served by a number of Asuras [e.g., kravyāda-gaṇasevita]. He was completely encompassed by darkness. [...]”.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—A class of Rurus (s.v.) in Mahāraurava hell.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa V. 26. 2.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) is the name of an Ayurvedic recipe defined in the fourth volume of the Rasajalanidhi (chapter 4, ajīrṇa: indigestion). These remedies are classified as Iatrochemistry and form part of the ancient Indian science known as Rasaśāstra (medical alchemy). However, since it is an ayurveda treatment it should be taken with caution and in accordance with rules laid down in the texts.
Accordingly, when using such recipes (e.g., kravyāda): “the minerals (uparasa), poisons (viṣa), and other drugs (except herbs), referred to as ingredients of medicines, are to be duly purified and incinerated, as the case may be, in accordance with the processes laid out in the texts.” (see introduction to Iatro chemical medicines)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Kravyada (क्रव्यद) (lit. “one who devours flesh”) is a synonym (another name) for the Hawk/Falcon (Śyena), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
1) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) refers to one of the topics discussed in the Madhumatī, a Sanskrit manuscript ascribed to Nṛsiṃha Kavirāja collected in volume 12 of the catalogue “Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (second series)” by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri.—The Madhumatī manuscript, consisting of 5,586 ślokas (metrical verses), is housed in Dhaka with Babu Bhagavancandra Dasa Kaviraja. It seemingly addresses topics related to Medicinal, Herbal, and Iatrochemical preparations. The catalogue includes the term Kravyāda in its ‘subject-matter list’ or Viṣaya (which lists topics, chapters and technical terms). The complete entry reads—kravyādavidhānam.
2) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) or Kravyādarasa refers to one of the topics discussed in the Rasakaumudī.—The Rasakaumudī by Mādhavakara represents a treatise on practice of medicine and therapeutics. It is a leading work on Hindu medicine, very largely studied in Bengal containing causes and symptoms of diseases. It contains 3,092 ślokas.—The complete entry reads: kravyādarasaḥ .
3) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) or Kravyādarasa also refers to one of the topics discussed in the Yogāmṛta, a large Ayurvedic compilation dealing with the practice of medicine and therapeutics authored by Gopāla Sena, Kavirāja, of Dvārandhā. It is dated to the 18th century and contains 11,700 ślokas.—The complete entry reads: kravyādarasaḥ .
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) or Kravyādavrata refers to the “vow of eating meat”, according to the Brahmayāmala verse 21.1-4ab.—Accordingly, “Next I will explain the vows born from Ucchuṣma (Bhairava). The Vow of Nakedness is one. The second is (the vow of wearing) rags. The third one is the one of impurity. The fourth is (the Vow of) Madness. The sixth one is said to be the one of the skull. The sixth one is said to be (the Vow of) Bhairava. The seventh is called the (vow of behaving like a) child. The eighth is (the vow of) eating meat [i.e., kravyāda-vrata]. The ninth is the (vow of) growth, which gives all accomplishments. These are said to be the nine Vows that belong to the Vidyā division”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
1) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) (or Kravya, Kravyāśyā) refers to a country belonging to “Nairṛtī (south-western division)” classified under the constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā represent the south-western division consisting of [i.e., Kravyāda] [...]”.
2) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) refers to “one who takes animal food”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 15) (“On the nakṣatras—‘asterisms’”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “Those who are born on the lunar day of Maghā will be possessed of wealth, grains and storehouses; will delight in frequenting hills and in the performance of religious rites; will be merchants; will be valiant; will take animal food (kravyāda) and will be female haters. [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—a S Carnivorous.
kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—a Carnivorous.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—m. eating raw flesh; Ṛgveda 1.16.9. Manusmṛti 5.131. (-m.)
1) a carnivorous animal, such as a tiger &c.; क्रव्याद्भ्यो बलिमिव निर्घृणः क्षिपामि (kravyādbhyo balimiva nirghṛṇaḥ kṣipāmi) Uttararāmacarita 1.49.
2) a demon, goblin; R.15.16.
Kravyāda is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kravya and ada (अद). See also (synonyms): kravyād, kravyabhuj.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—mfn.
(-daḥ-dā-daṃ) An eater of flesh or meat, carnivorus. m.
(-daḥ) 1. A goblin, a Rakshasa. 2. A lion. 3. A hawk. Funeral fire. E. See the preceding.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—i. e. kravya-āda, adj., f. dā, Devouring raw flesh, Mahābhārata 1, 932.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद).—[adjective] = [preceding] adj.; [masculine] beast of prey.
1) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):—[from kravya > kravi] mf(ā)n. ([Pāṇini 3-2, 69; Kāśikā-vṛtti]) consuming flesh or corpses (as Agni), [Mahābhārata i, 932; Gṛhyāsaṃgraha i, 11; Tithyāditya]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a carnivorous animal, beast of prey, [Mahābhārata i, 115, 24]
3) [v.s. ...] a lion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] a hawk, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] a goblin, Rākṣasa, [Horace H. Wilson]
6) [v.s. ...] the fire of the funeral pile, [Horace H. Wilson]
7) [v.s. ...] Name of a metallic substance, [Bhāvaprakāśa iv, 30]
8) Kravyādā (क्रव्यादा):—[from kravyāda > kravya > kravi] f. Name of one of the nine Samidhs, [Gṛhyāsaṃgraha i, 27]
9) Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):—[from kravya > kravi] m. [plural] Name of a class of Manes, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
10) [v.s. ...] m. of a people, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā xiv, 18] ([varia lectio] vyākhya).
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):—(daḥ) 1. m. A goblin; flesheater; beast of prey.
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):—(kravya + ada) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 2, 69,] [Scholiast] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 26, 69.] adj. (f. ā) subst. dass. (agniḥ) kravyādo mṛtabhakṣaṇaḥ [Gṛhyasaṃgrahapariśiṣṭa 1, 11.] eine der neun Samidh [27.] kravyādo (sc. agniḥ) mṛtabhakṣaṇe [Tithyāditattva im Śabdakalpadruma] kravyādā ca tanuryā te sā sarvaṃ bhakṣayiṣyati [Mahābhārata 1, 932.] von Rakṣas [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 1, 55.] [Scholiast] zu [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 187. 188.] [Mahābhārata 13, 5620.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 43, 16.] (mahāraurave) kravyādā nāma ruravastaṃ kravyeṇa ghātayanti [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 5, 26, 12.] von Thieren [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 11. 11, 137. 156. 12, 59.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 172.] [Mahābhārata 1, 2948. 4513. 3, 2005.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 25, 15. 61, 6. 4, 30, 13. 6, 88, 25.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 18, 24.] — Löwe, Falke [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 14, 18] in [Weber’s Verzeichniss] — kravyādarasa [Weber’s Verzeichniss No. 972. 993.] — Vgl. akravyāda .
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद):——
1) Adj. (f. ā) = kravyād 1). Auch Bez. einer der neun Samidh. —
2) m. — a) Raubthier [74,20.] — b) *Löwe. — c) *Falke. — d) Pl. Bez. bestimmter Manen [VP.².,3,339.] — e) Pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes. — f) ein best. metallisches Präparat [Bhāvaprakāśa 4,30.]
Kravyāda (क्रव्याद) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kavvāya.
Kravyāda (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 食肉 [shí ròu]: “meat-eating”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Kravyāda (ಕ್ರವ್ಯಾದ):—
1) [noun] a flesh-eating man; a demon.
2) [noun] any carnivorous animal.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kravyadagana, Kravyadagni, Kravyadanayika, Kravyadarasa, Kravyadas, Kravyadavrata.
Full-text (+8): Akravyada, Kravyadas, Kravyadagni, Ruru, Kravyad, Pranad, Kravyadavrata, Kravyakhya, Abhakshyabhakshin, Kavvaya, Dvtiyakravyada, Kravyadagana, Kravyadarasa, Vageshvara, Shi rou, Kravyaghatana, Pramath, Pramamth, Ashraddha, Kravyabhuj.
Relevant text
Search found 29 books and stories containing Kravyada, Kravya-ada, Kravyāda, Kravyādā; (plurals include: Kravyadas, adas, Kravyādas, Kravyādās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kausika Sutra (study) (by V. Gopalan)
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 12.58 < [Section IX - Details of Transmigration]
Verse 5.11 < [Section II - Objectionable Food]
Verse 12.59 < [Section IX - Details of Transmigration]
International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
Literature Review on the Herbo Mineral Preparation Kravyada Rasa. < [Vol. 6 No. 5: May (2023)]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Ayurvedic approach for polymenorrhagia -a case study < [2017, Issue III March,]
Asrigdhara chikitsa w.s.r to menorrhagia- a case study < [2018, Issue VI, June]
Rasa bandha – an excogitation < [2018, Issue I, january,]
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