Kramuka: 13 definitions
Introduction:
Kramuka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaKramuka (क्रमुक) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Areca catechu Linn.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning kramuka] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyKramuka (क्रमुक) is a Sanskrit word referring to “betel nut”, a species of tree from Fabaceae (pea/bean) family of flowering plants, and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-saṃhitā. The official botanical name is Acacia catechu and is commonly referred to in English as “catechu”, among many other nicknames.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraKramuka (क्रमुक) is a Sanskrit word for Acacia catechu (betelnut), identified by various scholars in their translation of the Śukranīti. This tree is mentioned as bearing good fruits. The King should plant such domestic plants in and near villages. He should nourish them by stoole of goats, sheep and cows, water as well as meat. Note: Phyllanthus distichus is a synonym of Phyllanthus acidus.
The following is an ancient Indian recipe for such nourishment of trees:
According to Śukranīti 4.4.105-109: “The trees (such as kramuka) are to be watered in the morning and evening in summer, every alternate day in winter, in the fifth part of the day (i.e., afternoon) in spring, never in the rainy season. If trees have their fruits destroyed, the pouring of cold water after being cooked together with Kulutha, Māṣa (seeds), Mudga (pulse), Yava (barley) and Tila (oil seed) would lead to the growth of flowers and fruits. Growth of trees can be helped by the application of water with which fishes are washed and cleansed.”
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationKramuka (क्रमुक) refers to “betel nut” which forms a preferable constituent for a great offering, according to the Śivapurāṇa 1.16. Accordingly, “[...] the great offering of eatables shall be made to Śiva especially in the month of Dhanus. The constituent parts of the great offering are as follows:—[...] twelve betel nuts (kramuka) [...] This great offering of eatables made to the deities shall be distributed among devotees m the order of their castes”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Kramuka in India is the name of a plant defined with Areca catechu in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl. (among others).
2) Kramuka is also identified with Lagerstroemia speciosa It has the synonym Munchausia speciosa Linn. (etc.).
3) Kramuka is also identified with Morus indica.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Species Plantarum
· Flora Indica, or ‘Descriptions of Indian Plants’ (1832)
· Species Plantarum. (1805)
· Taxon (1980)
· Der Hausvater (1770)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1984)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Kramuka, for example health benefits, pregnancy safety, side effects, extract dosage, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKramuka (क्रमुक).—[kram-un, saṃjñāyāṃ kan] The betel-nut tree; आस्वादितार्द्रक्रमुकः समुद्रात् (āsvāditārdrakramukaḥ samudrāt) Śiśupālavadha 3.81; Vikr.18.98; Bhāgavata 8.2.11.
Derivable forms: kramukaḥ (क्रमुकः).
See also (synonyms): kramu.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKramuka (क्रमुक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1. The areca or betel nut, (Areca faufel or catechu.) 2. A kind of tree, a red sort of Lodh: see loghra. 3. A kind of fragrant grass; see bhadramustaka. 4. The mulberry tree, (Morus Indica.) 5. The fruit of the cotton tree. f. (-kī) The areca tree. E. krama to go, uka aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKramuka (क्रमुक).—[masculine] the betel-nut tree.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kramuka (क्रमुक):—[from kramu] m. (cf. kṛm) the betel-nut tree (Areca Faufel or Catechu), [ṢaḍvBr. iv, 4; Suśruta; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] the mulberry tree (Morus indica, brahmadāru), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] a red variety of the Lodhra tree (paṭṭika-lodhra), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] a variety of Cyperus (bhadramustaka), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] the fruit of the cotton tree, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] Name of a people, [Rājataraṅgiṇī iv, 159]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKramuka (क्रमुक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. Idem; a mulberry tree; red lodh; fragrant grass.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKramuka (ಕ್ರಮುಕ):—
1) [noun] the tree Areca catechu of Arecaceae family; areca nut tree.
2) [noun] its nut; areca nut.
3) [noun] the evergreen tree Symplocos laurina of Symplocaceae family.
4) [noun] the mulberry tree Morus indica of Moraceae family.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kramukah, Kramukam, Kramukamu, Kramukaphala, Kramukaprasuna, Kramukapushpaka, Kramukasamiti.
Ends with: Anapakramuka, Apakramuka.
Full-text: Kramukaphala, Kramu, Krimuka, Kamuku, Kramukam, Kramukapushpaka, Pattikalodhra, Kiramukam, Kramuki, Trinavriksha, Salasaradi, Shyamadi, Tambula, Pattaka, Patta.
Relevant text
Search found 14 books and stories containing Kramuka; (plurals include: Kramukas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.16.40 < [Chapter 16 - Description of Śrī Rādhikā’s Wedding]
Verses 6.10.7-9 < [Chapter 10 - In the Description of the Gomatī River, the Glories of Cakra-tīrtha]
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Part 8 - Kāvya-pāka (maturity in poetic expression) < [Chapter 3 - Contribution of Rājaśekhara to Sanskrit Poetics]
Part 3.9 - Varieties of Kāvya-pāka < [Chapter 5 - Analyasis and Interpretations of the Kāvyamīmāṃsā]
Cosmetics, Costumes and Ornaments in Ancient India (by Remadevi. O.)
1.12. Use of Lodhra < [Chapter 1 - Cosmetics]
Pallava period (Social and Cultural History) (by S. Krishnamurthy)
Food habits (during the Pallava period) < [Chapter 4 - Material Culture of the People]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 25 - The Superintendent of Liquor < [Book 2 - The duties of Government Superintendents]
The Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 2 - The Elephant Leader seized by the Alligator < [Book 8 - Eighth Skandha]
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