Klishta, Kliṣṭa, Kḷṣṭa, Kliṣṭā: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Klishta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Kliṣṭa and Kḷṣṭa and Kliṣṭā can be transliterated into English as Klista or Klishta or Klsta, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Klisht.
In Hinduism
Samkhya (school of philosophy)
Source: MDPI: The ‘Not I’ in Sāṃkhya and YogaKḷṣṭa (कॢष्ट) refers to “that which is afflicted” (i.e., ‘ordinary seeing’).—In Sāṃkhya and Yoga, a similar distinction is drawn between “afflicted” (kḷṣṭa) or ordinary seeing, where the psychomental apparatus (the liṅgaśarīra—the Indian parallel to the Western individual) sees (and hears, etc.), but also integrates, sensory data, memories, etc.; and akḷṣṭa experience which is characterized (in Yoga) as samādhi of various types, which approach, or completely are, unintentional, not about something. In these states, the prakrtic entity or person (liṅga) is consciously recognized as being seen (dṛṣṭa) rather than seeing (dṛśi, etc.). Prakṛti, or her highest evolute, buddhi, becomes enlightened, attains mokṣa, for the sake of puruṣa.
Samkhya (सांख्य, Sāṃkhya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. Samkhya philosophy accepts three pramanas (‘proofs’) only as valid means of gaining knowledge. Another important concept is their theory of evolution, revolving around prakriti (matter) and purusha (consciousness).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) refers to “distress”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.15 (“The penance and reign of Tārakāsura”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated: “Thus with ardour, the king of the demons [i.e., Tāraka] performed the severe penance duly unbearable even to those who heard about it. [...] Then all those gods and sages consulted one another and in their great fright they came to my world and approached me in a piteous plight. Bowing to and eulogising me with palms joined in reverence, all of them explained everything to me distressed in mind [i.e., kliṣṭa-cetas] that they were. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavyashastra (science of poetry)
Source: Shodhganga: Mālatīmādhava of Bhavabhūti (kavya-shastra)Kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) refers to “(words that are) obscure”, according to Mammaṭa-Bhaṭṭa’s Kāvyaprakāśa verse 7.50-51.—The doṣas (or “poetic defects”) are regarded as undesirable elements [of a composition]. Any element which tends to detract the poetic composition is a demerit in general terms. In other words, doṣas are the opposites of the guṇālaṃkāras. [...] In the Sāhityadarpaṇa, Viśvanātha says doṣas are five fold. [...] Mammaṭabhaṭṭa says that padadoṣa (or “defects of word”) are of sixteen types [i.e., kliṣṭa (it is obscure)].
Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) refers to “that which is defiled”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXXII-XXXIV).—Accordingly, “... all the defiled minds (kliṣṭa-jñāna) cultivated by vile individuals giving rise to evil things are called vile (hīna). The most vile of them are enmity (vaira), rivalry (sapatnatā) and malice (vyāvadhya). Since maitrī destroys these vile minds, it is called vast (vipula), extended (mahadgata) and immense (apramāṇa). Why? Because great causes and conditions are necessary to destroy vile things. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Google Books: Foundations of Indian PsychologyKḷṣṭa (कॢष्ट) or Kḷṣṭamanas refers to “defiled mentality” which is part of an eight-fold collection of personality in Buddhist Psychology.—In defiled mentality (kḷṣṭa-manas), the mentality (manas) is the subjective aspect experienced as the enjoyer (or as perceiver, knower, actor) of objects. The mentality is defiled because it is constantly conceited with the idea of ‘I am’. From the sphere of experience presented by ālaya-vijñāna, the defiled mentality arises as an experience of ‘I’.
According to Asanga’s Abhidharma-samuccaya:—“[...] The defiled mentality (kḷṣṭa-manas) conceives a limited identity within the sphere of experience as ‘mine’ and provides a basis for emotional afflictions to arise trying to protect and enrich that identity. The thoughts of defiled mentality are subtle and do not become gross objects of knowing in ordinary experiences. However, it forms the subjective reference around which the six functional consciousnesses project and construct ordinary gross experiences. These projections in turn affirm the defiled sense of ‘I’”.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट).—a (S) Difficult, troublesome, harassing, vexatious--a road, a business or work, a book &c.: farfetched, forced, strained--a thought, an application, an explanation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट).—p. p.
1) Distressed, suffering pain or misery.
2) Afflicted, tormented.
3) Faded.
4) Inconsistent, contradictory; e. g. माता मे वन्ध्या (mātā me vandhyā).
5) Elaborate, artificial (as a composition.).
6) Put to shame.
7) Wearied; hurt, injured.
8) Being in a bad condition, worn; पीतेनैकेन संवीतां क्लिष्टतोत्तमवाससा (pītenaikena saṃvītāṃ kliṣṭatottamavāsasā) Rām.5.15.21.
9) Marred, impaired; Ś.5.19; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.11; Ś.6.1; disordered, Ś 7.14.
1) Dimmed, made faint; हिमक्लिष्ट- प्रकाशानि ज्योतींषीव मुखानि वः (himakliṣṭa- prakāśāni jyotīṃṣīva mukhāni vaḥ) Kumārasambhava 2.19.
11) Injured, hurt; Ś.6.19.
12) Bothersome, tedious; यथा शरीरो बालस्य गुप्ता सन्क्लिष्टकर्मणः (yathā śarīro bālasya guptā sankliṣṭakarmaṇaḥ) Rām.7.75.4. (the commentator Rāma Tilaka gives kliṣṭakarmaṇaḥ = śubhācārasya, which seems doubtful).
-ṣṭam a contradictory statement.
See also (synonyms): kliśita.
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Kliṣṭā (क्लिष्टा).—f. A kind of चित्तवृत्ति (cittavṛtti) as laid down in the पातञ्जलयोगशास्त्र (pātañjalayogaśāstra).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट).—mfn.
(-ṣṭaḥ-ṣṭā-ṣṭaṃ) 1. Distrest, afflicted, &c. 2. Inconsistent, contradictory. E. kliś to be distrest, &c. affix kta, deriv. irr.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट).—[adjective] distressed, afflicted, sad ([neuter] [adverb]); hurt, injured, worn, used; painful, difficult; constrained, affected, obscure ([rhetorie]).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट):—[from kliś] mfn. ([Pāṇini 7-2, 50]) molested, tormented, afflicted, distressed, [Rāmāyaṇa; Mālavikāgnimitra; Śakuntalā] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] wearied, hurt, injured, being in bad condition, worn, [Rāmāyaṇa; Śakuntalā; Meghadūta; Suśruta]
3) [v.s. ...] connected with pain or suffering, [Kapila’s Sāṃkhya-pravacana ii, 33; Yoga-sūtra; Pañcatantra]
4) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) forced, obscure, not easily intelligible (cf. √kleś), [Sāhitya-darpaṇa; Pratāparudrīya; Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti ii, 1, 21 ff.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट):—[(ṣṭaḥ-ṣṭā-ṣṭaṃ) a. Idem;] inconsistent; contradictory.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Kiṭṭha, Kiliṭṭha, Kilissia.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryKliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) [Also spelled klisht]:—(a) difficult, incomprehensible; far-fetched; —[kalpanā] far-fetched imagination; hence ~[tā] (nf).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKliṣṭa (ಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟ):—[adjective] difficult a) needing much effort or skill; b) troublesome, perplexing; c) (of a person) a not easy to please or satisfy; d) characterised by hardships or problems (a difficult period in on’s life).
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Kliṣṭa (ಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟ):—
1) [noun] a trouble a) a misfortune; calamity; mishap; b) a distressing or difficult happening or situation.
2) [noun] (rhet.) a style that is complex to understand (considered as a fault in literary work).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Klishtacetas, Klishtacitta, Klishtaka, Klishtakalpana, Klishtam, Klishtamanas, Klishtartha, Klishtarupa, Klishtate, Klishtatva, Klishtavartman, Klishtavishaya, Klishtavritti.
Ends with: Aklishta, Apariklishta, Apipariklishta, Asamklishta, Atipariklishta, Aviklishta, Madanaklishta, Nirupaklishta, Pariklishta, Prakrityasamklishta, Raktotklishta, Samklishta, Samutklishta, Sarvaklishta, Sparshaklishta, Supariklishta, Utklishta, Viklishta.
Full-text (+26): Aklishta, Kittha, Klish, Klishtavartman, Klishtam, Pariklishtam, Sparshaklishta, Pariklishta, Madanaklishta, Klishtatva, Aklishtakarman, Aklishtakarin, Klishita, Aklishtavrata, Kilishta, Klishtavritti, Klishtavishaya, Samklishtakarman, Utklishta, Kilittha.
Relevant text
Search found 24 books and stories containing Klishta, Kliṣṭa, Kliṣṭā, Klista, Kḷṣṭa, Klsta; (plurals include: Klishtas, Kliṣṭas, Kliṣṭās, Klistas, Kḷṣṭas, Klstas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations) (by Makarand Gopal Newalkar)
Sūtra 1.5-6 < [Book I - Samādhi-pāda]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.16 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.36 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.2 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.6.28 < [Chapter 6 - Seeing Śrī Mathurā]
Verse 8.13.127 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Education (5): Linguistic principles < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Chapter III - Pathology of the diseases of the eye-lids < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Chapter XIII - Treatment of Lekhya-roga < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Chapter VIII - Classification and treatment of ocular affections < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
III.a Causality according to the Abhidharma < [Part 1 - Understanding the Conditions (pratyaya)]
8. Acquiring the dhyānas < [Part 4 - Questions relating to the dhyānas]
Appendix 7 - The nature of the mind (citta, manas) < [Chapter XXXI - The Thirty-seven Auxiliaries to Enlightenment]