Ketaka: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Ketaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation1) Ketaka (केतक) is the name of a plant, whose flowers (kusuma) should not used in the worship of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.14:—“[...] excepting the Campaka and the Ketaka there is no flower (kusuma) which does not appeal to Śiva. All other flowers can be used for worshipping Him”.
2) Ketaka (केतक) is mentioned as one of the various flowers conjured by Vasanta (spring) in an attempt to charm Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.9. Accordingly as Kāma related to Brahmā:—“[...] Spring (Vasanta) too did the needful in enchanting Him. O, listen to it, O fortunate Being. I tell you the truth, the truth alone. He caused the various kinds of flowers to bloom in the place where Śiva was stationed—flowers such as Campakas, Keśaras, Punnāgas, Ketakas, Mallikās, Kurabakas etc. etc.”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraKetaka (केतक) (distinguished by the city Śvetambī) refers to one of the 25½ countries of the Kṣetrāryas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons”): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. The Āryas have sub-divisions [e.g., kṣetra (country)]. [...] The kṣetrāryas are born in the 15 Karmabhumis. Here in Bharata they have 25½ places of origin (e.g., ½ of the Ketaka), distinguishable by cities (e.g., Śvetambī) in which the birth of Tīrthakṛts, Cakrabhṛts, Kṛṣṇas, and Balas takes place”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Mandala Texts: Trübap: The 'Descent of Blessed Water' FestivalKetaka (ཀེ་ཏ་ཀ་) refers to a type of gemstone.—The Bhutanese astrologers, like other Himalayan astrologers, explain that the star Rishi is formed from crystal (ཆུ་ཤེལ་) and ketaka (ཀེ་ཏ་ཀ་) gemstone which has the power to purify water. Thus, it is called the medicinal star. The rays emitting from the star is said to have the power to cleanse the impurities of water and disinfect the water of any pathogen and toxicity. Water touched by the light of Rishi is considered to be endowed with healing power and to posses the eight qualities of being a cool, clear, clean, light, sweet, soothing and harmless to the throat and stomach.
In the sacred mountains around Mt Meru, the gods, divinities and saints of yore are said to have created a statue of Buddha Vairocana with the numerous precious stones. The crown of the Buddha Vairocana is said to have been made of the same materials of crystal and ketaka gem which form the star Rishi. When the star Rishi shines above the Buddha for a week, drops of divine nectar are said to dribble down due to the prayers of the gods, divinities and saints of the past. These drops of celestial nectar then imbue the streams and rivers of the world with healing power and blessings. Thus, people drink and bath in the waters during the week.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryKetaka, (etym. uncertain) N. of a flower J. IV, 482. (Page 225)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykētaka (केतक).—n (S) The flower of Pandanus odoratissimus. 2 Applied also to a single petal plucked off. 3 or kētakapāna n A golden ornament for the hair (of women).
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkētaka (केतक).—n The flower of Pandanus odora- tissimus. kētaka or kētakapāna n A golden ornament.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKetaka (केतक).—[kit nivāse ṇvul]
1) Name of a plant; प्रतिभान्त्यद्य वनानि केतकानाम् (pratibhāntyadya vanāni ketakānām) Ghaṭ.15.
2) A banner.
-kam A flower of the Ketaka plant; केतकैः सूचिभिन्नैः (ketakaiḥ sūcibhinnaiḥ) Meghadūta 23; R.6.17; 13.16.
-kī 1 Name of a plant (= ketaka); हसितमिव विधत्ते सूचिभिः केतकीनाम् (hasitamiva vidhatte sūcibhiḥ ketakīnām) Ṛtusaṃhāra 2.23.
2) A flower of that plant; मालाः कदम्बनवकेसरकेतकीभिरायोजिताः शिरसि बिभ्रति योषितोऽद्य (mālāḥ kadambanavakesaraketakībhirāyojitāḥ śirasi bibhrati yoṣito'dya) Ṛtusaṃhāra 2.2.
Derivable forms: ketakaḥ (केतकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryKetaka (केतक).—pl., name of a people or region: Mahā-Māyūrī 96.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKetaka (केतक).—mf. (-kaḥ-kī) A fragrant plant, (Pandanus odoratissimus.) E. kiti to abide, ṇvul aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKetaka (केतक).—[keta + ka], m. The name of a tree, Pandanus odoratissimus, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 94, 6.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKetaka (केतक).—[masculine] (ki &) kī [feminine] [Name] of a tree.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryKetaka (केतक):—m. the tree Pandanus odoratissimus, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Meghadūta] etc.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKetaka (केतक):—[(kaḥ-kī)] 1. m. 3. f. A plant (Pandanus odoratissimus).
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Ketaka (केतक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Keaga, Keaya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKēṭaka (ಕೇಟಕ):—[noun] a broad piece of defensive armour carried on the arm; a shield.
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Kētaka (ಕೇತಕ):—[noun] = ಕೇದಗೆ [kedage].
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Kētaka (ಕೇತಕ):—[noun] = ಕೇತನ - [ketana -] 2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Ketakacem Kanisa, Ketakai, Ketakakandaka, Ketakam, Ketakapupphiya, Ketakata, Ketakavana.
Ends with: Kancanaketaka, Malaketaka, Niketaka, Saketaka, Samketaka, Sanketaka, Sonaketaka, Suvarnaketaka.
Full-text (+27): Kaitaka, Camarapushpa, Krakacacchada, Kevada, Sucipushpa, Amarapushpa, Jambala, Ketakacem Kanisa, Jambula, Gandhapushpa, Ketaki, Kantekekata, Ketakata, Niketaka, Ketakakandaka, Krakaca, Keaya, Dalapushpa, Dhulipupishka, Shivadvishta.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Ketaka, Kētaka, Kēṭaka; (plurals include: Ketakas, Kētakas, Kēṭakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 5k - Alaṃkāra (11): Kāvyaliṅga or poetical cause < [Chapter III - Literary Assessment Of The Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Part 7 - Flora and fauna (found in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita) < [Chapter IV - Socio-cultural study of the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Ramayana of Valmiki (by Hari Prasad Shastri)
Chapter 28 - Rama describes the Rainy Season < [Book 4 - Kishkindha-kanda]
Chapter 42 - Other Monkeys are sent to explore the Western Region < [Book 4 - Kishkindha-kanda]
Chapter 75 - Rama reaches the Lake Pampa < [Book 3 - Aranya-kanda]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 13 - Brahmā Requests the Ketaka Bunch to Perjure < [Section 3b - Arunācala-khaṇḍa (Uttarārdha)]
Chapter 12 - Brahmā’s Exploration of the Top of the Column of Splendour < [Section 3b - Arunācala-khaṇḍa (Uttarārdha)]
Chapter 15 - Brahmā Prepares to Eulogize Śiva < [Section 3b - Arunācala-khaṇḍa (Uttarārdha)]
The Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 8 - Śiva’s forgiveness of Brahmā < [Section 1 - Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā]
Chapter 7 - Śiva manifests himself as a column of fire in the battlefield < [Section 1 - Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā]
Chapter 9 - The power of Kāma and the birth of his attendants < [Section 2.2 - Rudra-saṃhitā (2): Satī-khaṇḍa]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 29: The people in the Manuṣyaloka < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]