Katu, Kaṭu, Kātu: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Katu means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu1) Kaṭu (कटु) is another name for Kaṭvī, a medicinal plant possibly identified with Picrorhiza kurroa (kutki) from the Plantaginaceae or “plantain” family of flowering plants, according to verse 3.139-140 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Vaidyaka Śabda Sindhu identifies Kaṭvī with Kaṭukī (Picrorhiza kurroa), which on account of its laxative role does not tally with the Kaṭvī of the Raj Nighantu. Together with the names Kaṭu and Kaṭvī, there are a total of eight Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
2) Kaṭu (कटु) is also mentioned as a synonym for Apāmārga, a medicinal plant identified with Achyranthes aspera Linn. (“prickly chaff-flower”) from the Amaranthaceae or “amaranth” family of flowering plants, according to verse 4.88-91. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Together with the names Kaṭu and Apāmārga, there are a total of twenty-three Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaKaṭu (कटु) refers to “pungent substances” and is mentioned in a list of remedies for indigestion in the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—A complete section in Bhojanakutūhala is devoted for the description of agents that cause indigestion [viz., puṣkarataila (oil extracted from puṣkara)]. These agents consumed on a large scale can cause indigestion for certain people. The remedies [viz., kaṭu (pungent substances)] for these types of indigestions are also explained therewith.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsKaṭu (कटु):—1. Pungent; One among six rasa. 2. Synonym of Katuki(Picrorrhiza kurroa) and Rajika(Brassica juncea).
Source: Asian Agri-History: Paśu Āyurvēda (Veterinary Medicine) in GaruḍapurāṇaKaṭu (कटु) refers to “pungent (drugs)”, and is part of the diet in the treatment of horses, according to sections on the treatment of Horses (Gajāyurveda or Aśvāyurveda) in the Garuḍapurāṇa.—The diet also plays a role during the treatment because the food imparts a greater strength and vigour to the horses and acts as a general prophylactic against diseases. The following diets are mentioned for the horses in Garuḍapurāṇa, which are according to the doṣa: [...] The diet in kaphaja-vikāra: In diseases of the deranged kapha, mudga (green gram) or kulattha (horse gram) rasa (soup/ gravy) mixed with kaṭu, tikta (pungent, bitter drugs), should be given to horses. [...]
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaKaṭu (कटु, “acidic”) refers to one of the “six kinds of tastes” (rasa) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 36). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., kaṭu). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsKaṭu (कटु) refers to “violent (actions)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Here in the cycle of rebirth consisting of endless misfortune, sentient beings roam about repeatedly, struck down by spear, axe, vice, fire, corrosive liquid or razor in hell, consumed by the multitude of flames from the fire of violent actions (kaṭukarma-pāvaka) in the plant and animal world , and subject to unequalled trouble in the human condition [or] full of desire among the gods. [Thus ends the reflection on] the cycle of rebirth.”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykaṭu (कटु).—a (S) Pungent, sharp, acrid. 2 Sharply bitter. 3 fig. Offensive, keen, cutting--speech. 4 fig. Fierce or fiery: also impetuous, vehement, ardent, smart.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkaṭu (कटु).—a Pungent, sharp, acrid. Sharply bitter.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKaṭu (कटु).—a. [(ṭu or ṭvī] f.)
1) Pungent, acrid; (said of a rasa or flavour; the rasas are six; madhura, kaṭu, amla, tikta, kaṣāya, and lavaṇa); कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः । आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकाभयप्रदाः (kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ | āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokābhayapradāḥ) || Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 17.9.
2) Fragrant, exhaling strong odour; सप्तच्छदक्षीरकटुप्रवाहम् (saptacchadakṣīrakaṭupravāham) R.5.48.
3) Ill-smelling, having a bad smell.
4) (a) Bitter. This sense is found qiven to the words कटु (kaṭu) and कटुक (kaṭuka) in Prākrit and later sanskrit works; cf. अतिकटुः कारवेल्लादिः अतितीक्ष्णो मरिचादिः (atikaṭuḥ kāravellādiḥ atitīkṣṇo maricādiḥ); अमृततरङ्गिणी (amṛtataraṅgiṇī) on Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 17.9,-नीलकण्ठ (nīlakaṇṭha) gives the same sense.
5) caustic (words); Y.3.142. (b) Disagreeable, unpleasant; श्रवणकटु नृपाणामेकवाक्यं विवव्रुः (śravaṇakaṭu nṛpāṇāmekavākyaṃ vivavruḥ) R.6.85.
6) Envious.
7) Hot, impetuous.
-ṭuḥ 1 Pungency, acerbity (one of the six flavours).
2) Name of several plants.
-ṭuḥ f. A medical plant (kaṭurohiṇī).
-ṭu n.
1) An improper action.
2) Blaming, reviling, scandal.
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Kātu (कातु).—A well.
Derivable forms: kātuḥ (कातुः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭu (कटु).—mfn. (-ṭuḥ-ṭuḥ or -ṭvī-ṭu) 1. Pungent. 2. Envious. 3. Fierce, impetuous, hot. 4. Fragrant. 5. Bad scented, ill smelling. 6. Displeasing, disagreeable. m.
(-ṭuḥ) 1. Pungency or a pungent taste. 2. A flower, (Michelia champaca.) 3. Champhor. 4. A sort of gourd, (Trichosanthes.) n. (-ṭu) 1. An improper action, an act which ought not to have been done. 2. Blaming, reviling, scandal. f.
(-ṭuḥ) 1. The name of a medicinal plant; also kaṭukā and kaṭukī. 2. A plant which bears a fragrant seed: see priyaṅgu. 3. Mustard. E. kaṭ to go, &c. and u Unadi aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭu (कटु).— (for kartu, i. e. kṛt + u), adj., f. ṭu or ṭvī, Sharp, pungent; of taste, [Pañcatantra] 61, 11; of smell, Mahābhārata 14, 1408; of the wind, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 22, 11; of words, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 191.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭu (कटु).—[adjective] pungent, biting, sharp, bitter; [abstract] tā [feminine], tva [neuter]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kaṭu (कटु):—[from kaṭ] mf(vī and us)n. ([Uṇādi-sūtra i, 9]; cf. √2. kṛt) pungent, acrid, sharp (one of the six kinds of flavour, rasa q.v.), [Mahābhārata; Suśruta; Bhagavad-gītā] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] pungent, stimulating (as smell), strong-scented, ill-smelling, [Mahābhārata xiv; Raghuvaṃśa v, 48; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] bitter, caustic (as words) displeasing, disagreeable (as sounds)
4) [v.s. ...] fierce, impetuous, hot, envious, [Raghuvaṃśa vi, 85; Pañcatantra] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] m. (us) pungency, acerbity (as of a flavour), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.];
6) [v.s. ...] cf. [Lithuanian] kartus, ‘bitter’
7) [v.s. ...] Trichosanthes Dioeca, [Suśruta]
8) [v.s. ...] Michelia Campaka, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] Name of several other plants, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] a kind of camphor, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] f(us and vī). Name of several plants
12) [v.s. ...] n. (u) an improper action, an act which ought not to have been done
13) [v.s. ...] blaming, reviling, scandal, [Horace H. Wilson]
14) Kātu (कातु):—m. = kūpa, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska iii, 23] (cf. kāṭa.)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭu (कटु):—[(ṭuḥ-ṭuḥ-ṭu) a.] Pungent; fierce; envious; disagreeable. m. Pungency; a flower; camphor; a plant. n. An improper act.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryKaṭu (कटु):—(a) bitter, vitriolic; unpleasant; ~[tā] bitterness; unpleasantness.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKaṭu (ಕಟು):—[noun] a kind of tax (now obs.).
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Kaṭu (ಕಟು):—
1) [adjective] having a sharp or strong taste or smell, esp. so as to produce a pricking sensation; pungent; acrid.
2) [adjective] bitter; virulent.
3) [adjective] that burns or corrodes organic tissue; caustic.
4) [adjective] sarcastic, biting (said of words, remarks etc.); reproaching, abusing harshly.
5) [adjective] disagreeable; unpleasant (said of behaviour).
6) [adjective] hot; impetuous; acting without reasoning.
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Kaṭu (ಕಟು):—
1) [noun] = ಕಟುಕರೋಹಿಣಿ [katukarohini].
2) [noun] an act , behaviour that is not agreeable as per social standards or custom.
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Kāṭu (ಕಾಟು):—[noun] a large tract of land covered with trees and underbush; a forest; woodland.
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Kāṭu (ಕಾಟು):—
1) [adjective] roaming with no fixed purpose or special plan.
2) [adjective] inclined to trouble, disturb another or others.
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Kāṭu (ಕಾಟು):—
1) [noun] a grasp or cut by the teeth.
2) [noun] a mark, wound, bruise or sting from biting; a bite; a puncture by an insect.
3) [noun] a dent made with a sharp weapon (as an axe, sickle, etc.).
4) [noun] that part of a scorpion which pierces and injects poison; the sting.
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Kāṭu (ಕಾಟು):—
1) [noun] a 'X' mark used to denote that a particular word, sentence or portion of a written passage is deleted, cancelled or disapproved.
2) [noun] ಕಾಟು ಹಾಕು [katu haku] kāṭu hāku to delete or cancel (written or printed matter) with or as with an 'X' mark; ಕಾಟುಗೀಟು [katugitu] kāṭugīṭu = ಕಾಟು [katu]4.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+175): Katu andara, Katu-amanku, Katu-kara-walli, Katu-mailosina, Katu-maram, Katu-senai, Katu-tumba, Katu-vistna-clandi, Katuakatta, Katubadari, Katubana, Katubhadra, Katubhanga, Katubhashin, Katubhashita, Katubija, Katucaturjataka, Katucchada, Katuchada, Katuchaturjataka.
Ends with (+1): Cikatu, Dasakatu, Daskatu, Galakatu, Galekatu, Hakikatu, Harakatu, Kandakatu, Karavattakatu, Karkatu, Karnakatu, Kedarakatu, Malehakatu, Mkatu, Muyalkatu, Pacikatu, Samkatu, Shrutikatu, Takatu, Talaiccankatu.
Full-text (+173): Katurohini, Katubhadra, Katutumbi, Katubhanga, Katuphala, Katusneha, Katuta, Trikatu, Katurava, Katuvija, Katuvarttaki, Katucchada, Katukita, Katukvana, Katupaka, Katugranthi, Katupatra, Katutva, Katutaila, Katudala.
Relevant text
Search found 26 books and stories containing Katu, Kaṭu, Kātu, Kāṭu; (plurals include: Katus, Kaṭus, Kātus, Kāṭus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 2 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 11 - The Theory of Rasas and their Chemistry < [Chapter XIII - Speculations in the Medical Schools]
Part 6 - Foetal Development < [Chapter XIII - Speculations in the Medical Schools]
The Religion and Philosophy of Tevaram (Thevaram) (by M. A. Dorai Rangaswamy)
Chapter 4.3 - (e) Arurar’s references to Dance < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Chapter 4.6 - (l) Shiva’s ornamentation < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Chapter 1 - The Light of Light < [Volume 4.2.3 - Philosophy of God]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 4 - Extraction of oil from seeds of Katu-tumbi < [Chapter XXXII - Extraction of oil from seeds]
Part 17 - Purification of Katuki and various other seeds < [Chapter XXXI - Upavisha (semi-poisons)]
Part 2 - Purification of tin < [Chapter VI - Metals (6): Vanga (tin)]
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Part 9 - Rājaśekhara’s association with Gujarāta (Gujarat) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Shrimad Bhagavad-gita (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 17.9 < [Chapter 17 - Śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yoga]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.268 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
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