Kathora, Kaṭhōra, Kaṭhora: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Kathora means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Kathor.
In Hinduism
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)Kaṭhora (कठोर) refers to “old (crows)”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 225-226).—Accordingly, while describing the shire of the Goddess Caṇḍikā, “[Then follows the image of the Goddess Caṇḍikā, which matches the conception of Kālarātri in the passage from the Mahābhārata:] [...] she bore the coquettish apparel of a woman going out to meet Mahākāla at night, with a vine-like body furnished with a raiment reddened with saffron-dye, with a face with red eyes, whose brows were furrowed into a frown, whose lip was crimsoned with betel that was blood, whose cheeks were reddened by the light shed from ear-ornaments of pomegranate flowers, with a forehead on which there was a tilaka dot of vermillion made by a Śabara beauty, covered by a magnificent gold turban. She was worshipped (ārādhyamāna) by goats... mice... antelope and black serpents... She was praised on all sides by flocks of old crows (kaṭhora-vāyasa-gaṇa); [...]”.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationKaṭhora (कठोर) refers to “fierce (weapons)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.17 (“The fight between Viṣṇu and Jalandhara”).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra narrated to Vyāsa: “[...] By means of his discus Sudarśana [Viṣṇu] diffused his splendour all round. He shone with the brilliant lotus in his hand and offered fearlessness to his devotees. Holding the conch, sword, mace and the bow, the heroic deity was very furious. He was efficient in the battle using fierce weapons (kaṭhora-astra). He produced the twanging sound from his bow and roared aloud. O sage, all the three worlds were filled with its loud sound. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmasKaṭhora (कठोर, “smooth”) refers to one of the eight types of Sparśa (touch), representing one of the various kinds of Nāma, or “physique-making (karmas)”, which represents one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8. The karmas rise of which gives the touch attribute to the body are called touch (sparśa) body-making karma (e.g., kaṭhora).
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsKaṭhora (कठोर) refers to “cruel (speech)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Speech that is untrue [and] harsh [com.—kaṭhora—‘cruel’] , that is the abode of censure [and] gives instruction about the wrong path, is to be considered to produce bad influx of karma. One who is restrained continually accumulates good karma by the activity of the body through his body which is well-controlled or by abandoning the body”.
Synonyms: Paruṣa.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykaṭhōra (कठोर).—a (S) Hard--stone, wood &c.: but the figurative uses are more common; viz. hard of heart, cruel, savage, pitiless: sharp, offensive, cutting--speech: harsh or rough--a voice: severe, stern, rigorous, extreme--a punishment or treatment.
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kaṭhōrā (कठोरा).—m (kaṭōrā Bowl, or kaṭharaḍā or kaṭhaḍā Paling.) A roundhouse in the after part of certain Arab boats.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkaṭhōra (कठोर).—a Hard of heart. Sharp, offen- sive speech. Harsh or rough-voice. Severe, rigorous &c.-punishment.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर).—a.
1) Hard (fig. also); solid, stiff, कठोरास्थिग्रन्थि (kaṭhorāsthigranthi) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.34.
2) Cruel, hard-hearted, ruthless; अयि कठोर यशः किल ते प्रियम् (ayi kaṭhora yaśaḥ kila te priyam) Uttararāmacarita 3.27; so °हृदय, °चित्त (hṛdaya, °citta).
3) Sharp, piercing; °अङ्कुश (aṅkuśa) Śānti.1.22.
4) Full, developed, complete, fullgrown, of mature age; कठोरगर्भां जानकीं विमुच्य (kaṭhoragarbhāṃ jānakīṃ vimucya) Uttararāmacarita 1,1.49,6.25; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 6.19; so कठोरतारा- धिपलाञ्छनच्छविः (kaṭhoratārā- dhipalāñchanacchaviḥ) Śiśupālavadha 1.2; so अ° (a°) new, young; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1.2.
5) (Fig.) Matured, refined; कलाकलापालोचनकठोरमतिभिः (kalākalāpālocanakaṭhoramatibhiḥ) K.7; °रीभूतः दिवसः (rībhūtaḥ divasaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 2 it is noon-time.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) 1. Hard, solid. 2. Severe, cruel. 3. Full, complete, full-grown. 4. Full, (as the moon.) E. kaṭh to be distressed, &c. āran Unadi affix; also kaṭhola.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर).—i. e. probably kaṣṭa + var (for van) + a (cf. kaṭhina), adj. 1. Hard, solid, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 3, 19, 15. 2. Full grown, [Mṛcchakaṭikā, (ed. Stenzler.)] 115, 13. 3. Sharp, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 5, 13, 3. 4. Violent, [Pañcatantra] 93, 1. 5. Loud, [Pañcatantra] 248, 17. 6. Hard-hearted, [Pañcatantra] iv. [distich] 62.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर).—[adjective] hard, stiff; sharp, cruel; young, buxom.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kaṭhora (कठोर):—[from kaṭh] mf(ā)n. ([Uṇādi-sūtra i, 65]) hard, solid, stiff, offering resistance, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Prabodha-candrodaya] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] sharp, piercing, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Pañcatantra] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] hard, severe, cruel, hard-hearted, [Pañcatantra; Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] full, complete, full-grown (as the moon) [commentator or commentary] on [Uṇādi-sūtra] [commentator or commentary] on [Śiśupāla-vadha]
5) [v.s. ...] luxuriant, rank, [Mṛcchakaṭikā]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर):—[(raḥ-rā-raṃ) a.] Hard; full grown.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kaṭhora (कठोर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kaḍhora.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर) [Also spelled kathor]:—(a) hard; severe, stern, stringent; rough; cruel; rigid, rigorous; ~[tā] hardness; stringency; cruelty; severity, rigidity, rigour/rigorousness; •[vāda] rigourism; ~[hṛdaya] heartless, hard-hearted, cruel; hence ~[hṛdayatā] (nf).
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKaṭhōra (ಕಠೋರ):—[adjective] hard a) not easily dented, pierced, cut or crushed; resistant to pressure; firm and unyielding to the touch; rigid; solid and compact; b) demanding great physical or mental effort or labor; fatiguing; difficult; esp. difficult to do, difficult to understand, explain or answer, difficult to deal with; not easily managed or controlled; c) not easily moved; unfeeling; callous; unfriendly; hostile; d) harsh; severe; stern.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryKaṭhora (कठोर):—adj. 1. hard; complicated; 2. cruel; stringent; stern; severe; 3. difficult;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Pali-English dictionary
[Pali to Burmese]
Source: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်)kaṭhora—
(Burmese text): ကြမ်းတမ်း-ခက်ထန်-သော။
(Auto-Translation): Rough - harsh - severe.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Ora, Katha, Katta, Kata.
Starts with (+1): Kathorabhashi, Kathoracitta, Kathoragarbha, Kathoragati, Kathoragiri, Kathoragirimahatmya, Kathorahridaya, Kathorastra, Kathorata, Kathoratalu, Kathoratana, Kathoratara, Kathorataradhipa, Kathorate, Kathoratva, Kathoravani, Kathoravarna, Kathoravayasa, Kathoray, Kathoraya.
Full-text (+19): Kathorata, Akathora, Kathoragiri, Kathoracitta, Kathorataradhipa, Atikathora, Kathola, Kathoratva, Kathoragirimahatmya, Kathorahridaya, Shrutikathora, Kathura, Kathoragarbha, Kathor, Koturam, Katoram, Kathoray, Kathara, Kadhora, Kathorastra.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Kathora, Katha-ora, Kaṭha-ora, Kaṭhōra, Kaṭhora, Kaṭhōrā, Kaṭhorā; (plurals include: Kathoras, oras, Kaṭhōras, Kaṭhoras, Kaṭhōrās, Kaṭhorās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 4.34 < [Chapter 4 - First-rate Poetry]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Page 133 < [Volume 23 (1918)]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 3.4.63 < [Part 4 - Parenthood (vātsalya-rasa)]
Verse 3.3.42 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature (by Sulekha Biswas)
4.9. Description of Jade < [Chapter 7 - A millennium of Ratnashastra (gemmology) literature in India]