Karavala, Karavāla, Kara-vala: 9 definitions
Introduction:
Karavala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
India history and geography
Source: Wisdom Library: India HistoryKaravala (or, Karavāla) refers to one of the 84 castes (gaccha) in the Jain community according to Mr. P. D. Jain. The Jain caste and sub-caste system was a comparatively later development within their community, and it may have arisen from the ancient classification of Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya and Śūdra. Before distinction of these classes (such as Karavala), the society was not divided into distinct separate sections, but all were considered as different ways of life and utmost importance was attached to individual chartacter and mode of behaviour.
According to Dr. Vilas Adinath Sangava, “Jainism does not recognise castes (viz., Karavala) as such and at the same time the Jaina books do not specifically obstruct the observance of caste rules by the members of the Jaina community. The attitude of Jainism towards caste is that it is one of the social practices, unconnected with religion, observed by people; and it was none of its business to regulate the working of the caste system” (source).
The legendary account of the origin of these 84 Jain castes (e.g., Karavala) relate that once a rich Jain invited members of the Jain community in order to establish a vaiśya-mahāsabhā (i.e. Central Association of Traders). In response, 84 representatives came from different places, and they were later seen as the progenitors of these castes. Various sources however mention differences in the list.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykaravala (करवल).—m ( H) A horse-musketeer.
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karavalā (करवला).—m (karā & vālā Affix implying an agent.) In marriages. A jocose term for the brother of the bride or bridegroom. This being the masculine form of karavalī q. v. infra.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKaravāla (करवाल).—
1) sword; अघोरघण्टः करवालपाणिर्व्यापादितः (aghoraghaṇṭaḥ karavālapāṇirvyāpāditaḥ) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 9; म्लेच्छनिवहनिधने कलयसि करवालम् (mlecchanivahanidhane kalayasi karavālam) Gītagovinda 1, Śiśupālavadha 13.6.
2) a finger-nail.
Derivable forms: karavālaḥ (करवालः).
Karavāla is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kara and vāla (वाल). See also (synonyms): karabāla.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaravāla (करवाल).—[masculine] sword;
— pāṇi [substantive] in hand.*
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Karavāla (करवाल):—[=kara-vāla] [from kara] m. a sword, scymitar, [Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa] etc. (cf. -pāla above)
2) [v.s. ...] a finger-nail, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Karavāla (करवाल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Karavāla.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryKaravāla (करवाल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Karavāla.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKaravaḷa (ಕರವಳ):—[noun] a man armed with a sword.
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Karavaḷa (ಕರವಳ):—[noun] a lock in wrestling, in which one wrestler sitting on the other one who has fallen with his back on the floor, twisting the latteṛs legs.
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Karavāla (ಕರವಾಲ):—[noun] a weapon (as a cutlass or rapier) with a long blade for cutting or thrusting; a sword.
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Karavāḷa (ಕರವಾಳ):—[noun] = ಕರವಾಲ [karavala].
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Karvāḷa (ಕರ್ವಾಳ):—[noun] an East Indian grass (akin to Vetiveria zizanioides).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Karavalagiri, Karavalambana, Karavalambanastotra, Karavalaputri, Karavalaya.
Ends with: Pukaravala, Pushkaravala, Thakaravala.
Full-text: Karabala, Karavalaputri, Karavalu, Karaval, Karapala, Karavalika, Karavali, Ili, Kalki, Mleccha, Nidhana, Kal.
Relevant text
Search found 4 books and stories containing Karavala, Karavāla, Karavalā, Kara-vala, Kara-vāla, Karavaḷa, Karavāḷa, Karvala, Karvāḷa; (plurals include: Karavalas, Karavālas, Karavalās, valas, vālas, Karavaḷas, Karavāḷas, Karvalas, Karvāḷas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The history of Andhra country (1000 AD - 1500 AD) (by Yashoda Devi)
Part 16 - Upendra I (A.D. 1266) < [Chapter XI - The Chalukyas]
Part 27 - Kumara Errama (A.D. 1437-1494) < [Chapter XI - The Chalukyas]
The Nilamata Purana (by Dr. Ved Kumari)
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
The Dream of the Geleyara Gumpu < [July-August 1933]