Kapola, Kapolā: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Kapola means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Kapol.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Kapola (कपोल) refers to the “cheeks”. It is one of the parts of the human body with which gestures (āṅgika) are performaned, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 8. These gestures form a part of the histrionic representation (abhinaya). Kapola (cheeks) is also known as gaṇḍa.
There are six different ‘gestures of the cheeks’ (kapola) defined:
- kṣāma (depressed),
- phulla (blown),
- pūrṇa (full),
- kampita (trembling),
- kuñcita (contracted)
- sama (natural).
Kapola (कपोल, “cheeks”) refers to one of the twelve “subsidiary limbs” (upāṅga), which represents a division of Āṅgikābhinaya (gesture language of the limbs) as used within the classical tradition of Indian dance and performance, also known as Bharatanatyam.—Āṅgika-abhinaya is the gesture language of the limbs. Dance is an art that expresses itself through the medium of body, and therefore, āṅgikābhinaya is essential for any dance and especially for any classical dance of India. Upāṅgas or the subsidiary limbs consist of the eyes, the eye-brows, pupils, cheeks [viz., Kapola], nose, jaws, lips, teeth, tongue, chin, face, and the head.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Kapola (कपोल) refers to the “cheeks” (of an elephant), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 2, “on favorable marks”]: “13. Their cry that is produced from the tongue root (soft palate) shall be called ‘frothy’; that produced from the lip and the (hard) palate is ‘boated’ (?); that produced in the throat is their ‘roar’, that produced in the cheeks (kapola) and trunk, their ‘laughter’ [tat proktaṃ hasitaṃ kapolakarajaṃ]. All these are auspicious. The sounds of elephants that are due to hunger, thirst, grief, and fright are declared to be very inauspicious.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Kapola (कपोल):—[kapolaḥ] Cheek. Side of the face forming the lateral wall of the mouth below the eye
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Kapola (कपोल) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Kapola] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Kapola (or, Kapolā) refers to one of the 84 castes (gaccha) in the Jain community according to Mr. P. D. Jain. The Jain caste and sub-caste system was a comparatively later development within their community, and it may have arisen from the ancient classification of Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya and Śūdra. Before distinction of these classes (such as Kapola), the society was not divided into distinct separate sections, but all were considered as different ways of life and utmost importance was attached to individual chartacter and mode of behaviour.
According to Dr. Vilas Adinath Sangava, “Jainism does not recognise castes (viz., Kapola) as such and at the same time the Jaina books do not specifically obstruct the observance of caste rules by the members of the Jaina community. The attitude of Jainism towards caste is that it is one of the social practices, unconnected with religion, observed by people; and it was none of its business to regulate the working of the caste system” (source).
The legendary account of the origin of these 84 Jain castes (e.g., Kapola) relate that once a rich Jain invited members of the Jain community in order to establish a vaiśya-mahāsabhā (i.e. Central Association of Traders). In response, 84 representatives came from different places, and they were later seen as the progenitors of these castes. Various sources however mention differences in the list.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
kapola : (m.) the cheek.
Kapola, (Sk. kapola, cp. kapalla, orig. meaning “hollow”) the cheek Vism. 263, 362; DhA. I, 194. (Page 187)
kapola (ကပေါလ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[ka+pūra+ala．kapa+ola．kena jalena pūriyateti kapolo,alo,kapa acchādane vā,olo,kapolo．,ṭī．262．,7．194．]
[က+ပူရ+အလ။ ကပ+ဩလ။ ကေန ဇလေန ပူရိယတေတိ ကပေါလော၊ အလော၊ ကပ အစ္ဆာဒနေ ဝါ၊ ဩလော၊ ကပေါလော။ ဓာန်၊ ဋီ။ ၂၆၂။ မောဂ်၊ ၇။ ၁၉၄။]
[Pali to Burmese]
kapola—
(Burmese text): ပါးစောင်၊ ပါး။
(Auto-Translation): Thin, thin.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
kapōla (कपोल).—m S A cheek.
--- OR ---
kāpōḷā (कापोळा).—m R (Or kāpaḷā) Slices of the pulp of uṇḍa.
kapōla (कपोल).—m A cheek.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Kapola (कपोल).—[Uṇādi-sūtra 1.66] A cheek; क्षामक्षामकपोलमाननम् (kṣāmakṣāmakapolamānanam) Ś.3.9,6.15; R.4.68.
-lī The knee-cap.
Derivable forms: kapolaḥ (कपोलः).
Kapola (कपोल).—m.
(-laḥ) A cheek. f. (-lī) The forepart of the knee, the knee-cap or pan. E. kapi to quiver, and olac Unadi aff.
Kapola (कपोल).—m. A cheek, [Pañcatantra] [distich] 225.
Kapola (कपोल).—[masculine] cheek.
1) Kapola (कपोल):—m. (ifc. f(ā). ), (√kap, [Uṇādi-sūtra i, 67]) the cheek (of men or elephants etc.), [Suśruta; Yājñavalkya; Raghuvaṃśa] etc.
2) m. [plural] Name of a school belonging to the white Yajur-veda
3) Kāpola (कापोल):—m. [plural] Name of a school of the Sāma-veda.
Kapola (कपोल):—(laḥ) 1. m. A cheek. (lī) f. The forepart of the knee.
Kapola (कपोल):—[Die Uṇādi-Affixe 1, 66.]
1) m. Wange [Amarakoṣa 2, 6, 2, 41.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 582.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 87.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 52, 29.] [Suśruta 2, 236, 17. 237, 11.] [Pañcatantra I, 225.] śuṣkakapola [182, 17.] kṣāmakṣāmakapola [Śākuntala 58.] kapolapāṭala [Raghuvaṃśa 4, 68.] [Vetālapañcaviṃśati 9, 12.] [Dhūrtasamāgama 80, 14.] sukapolā adj. f. [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 25, 22.] —
2) f. kapolī Kniescheibe [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 614.] Vgl. kapāla .
--- OR ---
Kapola (कपोल):—
1) kari [Spr. 107. 2521.] —
3) m. pl. Name einer Schule [Weber’s Indische Studien 3, 264 ] (v. l. kapāla, kāpāla). kavi Nomen proprium eines Dichters [Oxforder Handschriften 123,b,26]; vgl. kapora .
Kapola (कपोल):——
1) m. — a) Wange. Am Ende eines adj. Comp. f. ā. — b) Pl. Name einer Schule des weissen Yajurveda [Āryavidyāsudhākara 46,13.] —
2) *f. ī Kniescheibe.
--- OR ---
Kāpola (कापोल):—m. Pl. Name einer Schule des Sāmaveda [Āryavidyāsudhākara 47,10.]
Kapola (कपोल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kavola.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Kapola (कपोल) [Also spelled kapol]:—(nm) cheek; —[kalpanā] a cock and bull story, tale of a tube; fancy, fantastic imagination; ~[kalpita] false, fantastic, fabricated.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Kapōla (ಕಪೋಲ):—[noun] either side of the face between the nose and ear, below the eye; the cheek.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: A la, Pura, Ka, Ala.
Starts with: Kapolabhitti, Kapolaja, Kapolaka, Kapolakalpa, Kapolakalpita, Kapolakasha, Kapolakavi, Kapolam, Kapolantara, Kapolapali, Kapolapassa, Kapolapatra, Kapolapatre, Kapolapattra, Kapolaphalaka, Kapolaraga, Kapolarbuda, Kapolatadana, Kapolavalli.
Full-text (+40): Kapolakasha, Kapolaphalaka, Kapolabhitti, Mahakapola, Kapolaraga, Kapolapali, Sukapola, Kapolakavi, Kapolapatra, Brihatkapola, Kapolatadana, Atibahalotthakapola, Kapolapattra, Kapolantara, Kenara, Kapolapassa, Kapolam, Phulla, Anukapolam, Aviralita.
Relevant text
Search found 40 books and stories containing Kapola, Ka-pura-ala, Ka-pūra-ala, Kapolā, Kapōla, Kāpōḷā, Kāpolā, Kāpola; (plurals include: Kapolas, alas, Kapolās, Kapōlas, Kāpōḷās, Kāpolās, Kāpolas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 84 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 540 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Page 364 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 8.13.4b < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Verse 4.12.8 < [Chapter 12 - The Story of the Gopīs That In the Holi Festival Displayed Three Transcendental Virtues]
Verse 2.9.17 < [Chapter 9 - Brahmā’s Prayers]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
External Anatomy < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.205 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 1.11 < [Chapter 1 - The Purpose of Poetry]
Text 7.34 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.8.37 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 2.3.72 < [Part 3 - Involuntary Ecstatic Expressions (sattvika-bhāva)]
Verse 2.5.52 < [Part 5 - Permanent Ecstatic Mood (sthāyī-bhāva)]
Yasastilaka and Indian culture (Study) (by Krishna Kanta Jandiqui)
3. The cremation-ground and poetry < [Chapter 7 - Yasastilaka as an Anthology of Sanskrit verse]