Kandhara, Kandharā, Kamdhara: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Kandhara means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsKandhara (कन्धर):—[kandharaḥ] Neck
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and RauravāgamaKandhara (कन्धर) refers to “hollow molding §§ 3.6, 8, 31.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramKandharā (कन्धरा) refers to “one’s back”, according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.—Accordingly, “That, O goddess, is said to be the subtle (form), now listen to the gross one. [...] The great conch (she holds) makes her proud and the beauty of her crown enhances her beauty. (She is) adorned with a garland of severed heads that extends from the soles of the feet up to (her) neck. She drips with the blood that flows (from the heads) and is fatigued by the weight of her (dangling) rocking hair. Very fierce, she destroys (the universe) by licking (it up). She has big teeth and a thin stomach. She has long (dangling) breasts and a large chest. Her furious form is (lean) without flesh. She has six faces and twelve arms and her back is slightly bent [i.e., kiñcid-namita-kandharā]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationKandhara (कन्धर) refers to the “shoulders”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.25 (“The seven celestial sages test Pārvatī”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Naradā: “[...] Immediately on being remembered, the seven sages came there with faces beaming with delight and praising their good fate. Bowing to Him with folded arms and bent shoulders [i.e., vinata-kandhara] they eulogised lord Śiva with extreme pleasure by means of words choked with devotional feelings”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchKandhara (कन्धर) refers to the “shoulders”, according to the Jayākhyasaṃhitā verse 33.19.—Accordingly, “[The Yogin] should make the joints of his body loose, his chest broad and shoulders comfortable (su-kandhara). Having made his arms relaxed, he should slightly tilt the head [down]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsKandhara in the Hindi language is the name of a plant identified with Xylosma longifolia from the Salicaceae (Willow) family. For the possible medicinal usage of kandhara, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykandharā (कंधरा).—f S The neck.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkandharā (कंधरा).—f The neck.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKandhara (कन्धर).—[kaṃ śiro jalaṃ vā dhārayati]
1) The neck.
2) 'The holder of water', a cloud.
3) A kind of grass.
4) Name of a vegetable (māriṣa).
-rā The neck; कन्धरां समपहाय कं धरां प्राप्य संयति जहास कस्यचित् (kandharāṃ samapahāya kaṃ dharāṃ prāpya saṃyati jahāsa kasyacit); Y.2.22; Amaruśataka 16; see उत्कन्धर (utkandhara) also.
Derivable forms: kandharaḥ (कन्धरः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKandhara (कन्धर).—mf.
(-raḥ-rā) The neck. m.
(-raḥ) A cloud. E. kaṃ water or the head and dhara having, from dhṛñ, affix khac.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKandhara (कन्धर).— [i. e. kam (see kandara), according to the grammarians, Head, -dhṛ + a], m., and f. rā, The neck, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 220.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKandhara (कन्धर):—[(raḥ-rā)] 1. m. f. The neck. m. A cloud. a. Holding water.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kandhara (कन्धर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Khaṃdhara.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryKaṃdharā (कंधरा) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kandarā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKaṃdhara (ಕಂಧರ):—
1) [noun] a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere high above the general level of the ground; cloud.
2) [noun] a kind of grass.
3) [noun] the part of the body connecting the head to the shoulders; the neck.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kamdharabamdha, Kamdharadvayasa, Kandharapura.
Ends with: Adhmatakandhara, Ashvakandhara, Asitakamdhara, Dashakandhara, Dirghakandhara, Garakalakamdhara, Garalakamdhara, Hayakandhara, Kalakamdhara, Kushikandhara, Lokandhara, Manikandhara, Nilakamdhara, Sekandhara, Shyamakamdhara, Skandhara, Sukandhara, Utkandhara, Vinatakandhara, Vishakamdhara.
Full-text (+6): Khamdhara, Kamdhara, Dashakandhara, Dirghakandhara, Utkandhara, Kandha, Kambukamdhara, Sahasrakamdhararamayana, Adhikandharam, Kalakantari, Kandara, Utkandharam, Natakamdhara, Valitakamdhara, Vinamrakamdhara, Kantaramutti, Madanika, Vinamra, Vinata, Dasa.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Kandhara, Kandharā, Kamdhara, Kaṃdharā, Kaṃdhara; (plurals include: Kandharas, Kandharās, Kamdharas, Kaṃdharās, Kaṃdharas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 4.13.13 < [Chapter 13 - The Story of the Demigoddesses]
Verse 4.16.7 < [Chapter 16 - The Srī Yamunā Armor]
Verse 5.13.21 < [Chapter 13 - The Arrival of Sri Uddhava]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 8.29 < [Chapter 8 - Literary Qualities]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.3.39 < [Part 3 - Involuntary Ecstatic Expressions (sattvika-bhāva)]
Verse 2.1.213 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Manasara (English translation) (by Prasanna Kumar Acharya)
Chapter 14 - The bases of columns (adhiṣṭhāna)
Chapter 13 - The pedestals for columns (upapīṭha)
The Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
The Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)