Kandala, Kandaḷa, Kāṇḍāla, Kamdala: 19 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
India history
Biology
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Prakrit
5. Kannada
See also

Introduction:

Kandala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Kandaḷa can be transliterated into English as Kandala or Kandalia, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Kandala (कन्दल) is another name for Ārdraka, a medicinal plant identified with Zingiber officinale Rosc. or “ginger root” from the Zingiberaceae or “ginger” family of flowering plants, according to verse 6. 27-29 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu.—Note: Śuṇṭhi is dried and specially prepared form of Ārdraka by removing the outer scales of the rhizome. The major part of the oil of ginger remains in these scales and is obtained from the Śuṇṭhī/Ārdraka with scales.—The sixth chapter (pippalyādi-varga) of this book enumerates ninety-five varieties of plants obtained from the market (paṇyauṣadhi). Together with the names Kandala and Ārdraka, there are a total of sixteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

1) Kandala (कन्दल) refers to “white flowers”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 2.20-22ab]—“[The Mantrin] should worship the mother of Mantras with the highest bhakti, by spreading flowers and perfume, O Devī. He should extract the deity invoked by the Mantra [with the mantra]. Beginning with the all-pervading and ending with manifold [oṃ], [he should] always [worship with] the nectar of the white flower (amṛta-kandala). The bright sound is highest Śakti, [who] resembles one-in-the-same Śiva. By this [worship] the pearls [of the mantra] are all bound in a cord”.

2) Kandala (कन्दल) refers to “golden (hatchets)”.—Accordingly, [verse 11.1-24ab, while describing the appearance and worship of Tumburu]—“[...] The Devīs are white, red, yellow, and black, four-faced, four armed, three eyed, and in [their] hands bear golden hatchets (ṭaṅka-kandala-dhāriṇī), sticks and rosaries. [...]”.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Kandala (कन्दल) refers to the “sprout (of the skeleton)” (born of the nectar of the void), according to the Ciñcinīmatasārasamuccaya verse 7.220cd-222.—Accordingly, “One's own form, devoid of form, is the form between form and non-form. (That) undifferentiated reality is active everywhere and is free of Being and Non-being. Kālī, the Supreme Goddess who devours the Skeleton (of Time) is manifest there. Once drunk from the vessel of the sprout of the Skeleton (kaṅkāla-kandala) born of the nectar of the Void, she is made to pulsate and vomit. Thus, the universe comes into being”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Kandala.—(LP), controversy; beating (from Sanskrit kand, to strike). Note: kandala is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and Drugs

Kandala [ಕಾಂಡಲ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Rhizophora mucronata Lam. from the Rhizophoraceae (Burma Mangrove) family. For the possible medicinal usage of kandala, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

Kandala [ಕಾಂಡಲ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Avicennia officinalis L. from the Acanthaceae (Acanthus) family having the following synonyms: Avicennia obovata, Avicennia oepata, Racka ovata.

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Kandala in India is the name of a plant defined with Amorphophallus paeoniifolius in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Conophallus giganteus Schott ex Miq., nom. illeg. (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Hortus Bengalensis (1814)
· Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. (1995)
· Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University (1991)
· Queensland Agric. J., (1914)
· Nouvelles Annales du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle (1834)
· Species Plantarum (1753)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Kandala, for example chemical composition, extract dosage, health benefits, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, side effects, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Kandaḷa, N. of esculent water lily, having an enormous bulb D. I, 264. (Page 186)

— or —

Kandala, N. of a plant with white flowers J. IV, 442.—makuḷa knob (?) of k. plant Vism. 253 (as in description of sinews). (Page 186)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

kāndaḷa (कांदळ).—m n C A tree growing on the banks of creeks or in salt marshes. Ex. śēta buḍūna kāndaḷācē rūkha jhālē.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Kandala (कन्दल).—1 A new shoot or sprout; मयालब्धः पाणिर्ललितलवलीकन्दलनिभः (mayālabdhaḥ pāṇirlalitalavalīkandalanibhaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 3.4.

2) Reproach, censure.

3) The cheek, or the cheek and temple.

4) A portent.

5) Sweet sound.

6) The plantain tree; कन्दलदलोल्लासाः पयोविन्दवः (kandaladalollāsāḥ payovindavaḥ) Amaruśataka 48.

7) Collection; Uttararāmacarita 3.11.

-laḥ 1 Gold.

2) War, battle.

3) (Hence) War of words, controversy.

-lam A Kandala flower; विदलकन्दलकम्पन- लालितः (vidalakandalakampana- lālitaḥ) Śiśupālavadha 6.3; R.13.29.

Derivable forms: kandalaḥ (कन्दलः), kandalam (कन्दलम्).

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Kāṇḍāla (काण्डाल).—A reed-basket.

Derivable forms: kāṇḍālaḥ (काण्डालः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kandala (कन्दल).—mfn.

(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) 1. The cheek, or the cheek and temple. 2. A portent, a natural phœnomenon supposed to announce evil. 3. A new shoot or sprig. 4. A low minute tone. 5. Reproach, censure. m.

(-laḥ) 1. Gold. 2. War, battle. f. (-lī) 1. A species of deer of which the hide is used. 2. A sort of tree, the banana: see kadalī. 3. A flag. E. kanda a root, &c. and la from lā to take, fem. affix ṅīp.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kandala (कन्दल).— (perhaps kam, see the last, and dala), n. 1. The flower of the kandalī (q. cf.), [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 1, 43. 2. A new shoot.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kandala (कन्दल).—[neuter] the flower of the Kandali plant.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kandala (कन्दल):—mfn. the cheek (or the cheek and temple), [Horace H. Wilson]

2) girth, girdle, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) a new shoot or sprig, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) a low soft tone, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) a portent (as an eclipse, supposed to forbode evil), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) reproach, censure, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) filled with ([compound]), [Nalacampū or damayantīkathā]

8) m. gold, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) war, battle, [Subhāṣitāvali]

10) n. the flower of the Kandalī tree, [Raghuvaṃśa; Bhartṛhari etc.]

11) Kāṇḍāla (काण्डाल):—[from kāṇḍa] m. a reed-basket (cf. kāṇḍola), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kandala (कन्दल):—[(laḥ-lā-laṃ)] 1. m. f. n. The cheek; a portent; a sprig; a low tone; censure. m. Gold; war. f. (lī) deer; plantain tree; flag.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Kandala (कन्दल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aṃdala, Kaṃdala.

[Sanskrit to German]

Kandala in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Kaṃdala (कंदल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kandala.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Kaṃḍāla (ಕಂಡಾಲ):—[noun] a twin large jute bags joined together hung on both side of an ox for carrying load.

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Kaṃdala (ಕಂದಲ):—

1) [noun] a sprout a) a new growth from a bud, rootstock, germinating seed, etc.; b) a young growth on a plant, as a stem or branch; shoot.

2) [noun] a blaming or reproving; rebuke; an expression of blame or reproof; reproach; censure.

3) [noun] either side of the face between the nose and ear, below the eye; the cheek.

4) [noun] something that portends an event about to occur, esp. an unfortunate event; an omen; a portent.

5) [noun] an agreeable or melodious sound.

6) [noun] the plantain tree (Musa paradesiaca of Musaceae family) and its flower.

7) [noun] a group of persons; a multitude; crowd.

8) [noun] a heavy, yellow, inert, metallic chemical element with a high degree of ductility and malleability; gold.

9) [noun] a fight, esp. a large-scale engagement, between armed forces; a war; battle.

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Kaṃdaḷa (ಕಂದಳ):—[noun] = ಕಂದಲ [kamdala].

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Kaṃdāḷa (ಕಂದಾಳ):—

1) [noun] the plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (= A. odoratissimus) of Annonaceae family;2) [noun] its flower; Cupid's plant.

3) [noun] the aquatic tree Rhizophora mucronata of Rhizophoraceae family; mangrove.

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Kāṃḍala (ಕಾಂಡಲ):—

1) [noun] the tree Avicennia officinalis (= A. tomentosa) of Verbenaceae family; white mangrove.

2) [noun] the tree Rhizophora mucronata of Rhizophoraceae family; demon candle.

--- OR ---

Kāṃḍāla (ಕಾಂಡಾಲ):—[noun] a big closely-knit bamboo basket for storing grains.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Search found 21 books and stories containing Kandala, Kandaḷa, Kāndaḷa, Kāndala, Kāṇḍāla, Kamdala, Kaṃdala, Kaṃḍāla, Kaṇḍāla, Kaṃdaḷa, Kaṃdāḷa, Kandāḷa, Kāṃḍala, Kāṇḍala, Kāṃḍāla; (plurals include: Kandalas, Kandaḷas, Kāndaḷas, Kāndalas, Kāṇḍālas, Kamdalas, Kaṃdalas, Kaṃḍālas, Kaṇḍālas, Kaṃdaḷas, Kaṃdāḷas, Kandāḷas, Kāṃḍalas, Kāṇḍalas, Kāṃḍālas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Text 10.262 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]

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Verse 3.7.91 < [Chapter 7 - Pastimes in Śrī Gadādhara’s Garden]

Verse 2.13.108 < [Chapter 13 - The Deliverance of Jagāi and Mādhāi]

Verse 2.1.192 < [Chapter 1 - The Beginning of the Lord’s Manifestation and His Instructions on Kṛṣṇa-saṅkīrtana]

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Adhyāya VI, Khaṇḍa 1

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