Kaivarta, Kaivartta: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Kaivarta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraKaivarta (कैवर्त) refers to “those who live by digging tanks etc.”. When disputes arise regarding the boundaries of villeges, and in the absence of original inhabitants of neighbouring villages, the King may choose these ‘diggers of tanks’ to act as witnesses. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya, verse 8.260)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexKaivartta (कैवर्त्त).—A royal line (tribe?) established by Viśvasphāṇi, kings of.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 74. 191; Matsya-purāṇa 50. 76; Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 268, 378; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 24. 62.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraKaivarta (कैवर्त) refers to “boatmen” or “fishermen”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 16) (“On the planets—graha-bhaktiyoga”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] Saturn also presides over binders, bird hunters, impure men, boatmen or fishermen (kaivarta), ugly men and old men; over dealers in hogs, chiefs of tribes, men of weak resolution, hill men, harbarous mountain tribes and over poor men”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaKaivarta (कैवर्त) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Kaivartī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Guṇacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the guṇacakra refers to one of the four divisions of the sahaja-puṭa (‘innate layer’), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Kaivarta] are whitish red in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: BuddhismKaivarta (कैवर्त):—Name of an officer on board a trading vessel, according to the Avadānaśataka.
India history and geography
Source: Google Books: Medieval Orissa: A Socio-economic StudyKaivartta (कैवर्त्त) refers to a “fisherman” and represents one of the occupational groups commonly found in Townships or Urban centers (nagari) in ancient India (Medieval Orissa).—An example (of Township) is provided by the Nagari plates of Anangabhima III, dated A.D. 1230, which describe an assigned township which contained four large houses of the dimension of royal residences and thirty other houses. The occupational groups present in the settlement were [e.g., a fisherman (kaivartta)]. The range of occupations is large, some of them being rural in character. The context in which the township (or Urban centres—nagari) is assigned suggest that nagaris in such cases were perhaps extended villages, formed out of a cluster of several contiguous villages and thus assuming physical and consequently, economic dimensions much larger than those of an ordinary village settlement.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English DictionaryKaivartta (कैवर्त्त) [or कैवर्त्तक, kaivarttaka].—m S A fisherman or a waterman.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-EnglishKaivartta (कैवर्त्त) [or kaivarttaka, or कैवर्त्तक].—m A fisherman or a waterman.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKaivarta (कैवर्त).—[ke jale vartate vṛt-ac; kevartaḥ tataḥ svārthe aṇ Tv.] A fisherman; मनोभूः कैवर्तः क्षिपति परितस्त्वां प्रति मुहुः (manobhūḥ kaivartaḥ kṣipati paritastvāṃ prati muhuḥ) (tanū- jālījālam) Śānti.3.16; Manusmṛti 8.26; (as to his descent see Manusmṛti 1.34).
Derivable forms: kaivartaḥ (कैवर्तः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryKaivarta (कैवर्त).—m., some member (officer?) of a ship's crew; in Avadāna-śataka i.200.5 and ii.61.9 named with āhāra, nāvika, and karṇadhāra, in ii.61.9 constituting five sorts of mem- bers of the crew (the fifth, not named in text, may be raṇadhara of Mahāvyutpatti 3854); essentially the same list is found in Mahāvyutpatti 3850—55, kaivarta being named in 3855; here Japanese and alternatively Tibetan and Chin. interpret by fisherman (as in Sanskrit), but the first Tibetan rendering is rgyal chen, normally = mahārāja; probably a ship's officer.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaivartta (कैवर्त्त).—m.
(-rttaḥ) A fisherman born of a prostitute by a Kshetriya, or of an Ayogava female by a Nisada father. f. (-rttī) The wife of a fisherman. E. ka water, the seventh case, ke and vartta who abides, kevartta a fish, aṇ affix, implying enmity.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaivarta (कैवर्त).—m. 1. A fisherman, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 260. 2. A mixed tribe; the son of a Niṣāda by an Āyogavī woman, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 10, 34.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaivarta (कैवर्त).—[masculine] fisherman (a mixed caste); [feminine] ī.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaivarta (कैवर्त):—m. (cf. kev) a fisherman (born of a prostitute by a Kṣatriya or of an Āyogava female by a Niṣāda father), [Manu-smṛti viii, 260; x, 34; Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKaivartta (कैवर्त्त):—(rttaḥ) 1. m. A fisherman.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kaivartta (कैवर्त्त) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kevaṭṭa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKaivarta (ಕೈವರ್ತ):—
1) [noun] a man who catches fish for a living; a fisherman.
2) [noun] a man skilled in the use of small crafts or whose profession is conveying people on water bodies.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Kaivarta-bhoga, Kaivartaka, Kaivartamusta, Kaivartamustaka.
Ends with: Brahmakaivarta.
Full-text (+13): Kaivartaka, Kevatta, Kaivartika, Kaivartamusta, Kevartta, Kaivarttamustaka, Kaivartamustaka, Kaivarti, Kaivarttamusta, Kaivarta-bhoga, Brahmakaivartapurana, Kaivartiya, Kaivartimustaka, Kevarta, Kaivarttimustaka, Udakasamvasa, Antyaja, Vishvasphani, Dasharuha, Shaundika.
Relevant text
Search found 13 books and stories containing Kaivarta, Kaivartta; (plurals include: Kaivartas, Kaivarttas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.6.21 < [Chapter 6 - The Yādavas’ Victory When Śrī Rukmiṇī is Kidnapped]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 10.34 < [Section II - Mixed Castes]
Verse 10.4 < [Section I - The Four Castes and their Purely Legitimate Progeny]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Treatment for fever (68): Vishva-palaka rasa < [Chapter II - Fever (jvara)]
Part 50 - Treatment for chronic diarrhea (22): Sarvarogya rasa < [Chapter III - Jvaratisara fever with diarrhoea]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 27 - Characteristics of the Four Yugas (Caturyuga) < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 294 - Greatness of Ajogandheśvara (Ajogandha-īśvara) < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 242 - Eighteen Prakṛtis (Castes and Sub-castes) < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section L < [Anusasanika Parva]
The Devi Bhagavata Purana (by Swami Vijñanananda)