Jivika, Jīvikā: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Jivika means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Google Books: Studies in Hindu Law and DharmaśāstraThe stanza (Manu-smṛti 10.76) draws an interesting distinction; it singles out three activities (karman) of the Brāhmaṇa. and labels them his “means of livelihood” (jīvikā):
“Three of these six activities are his means of livelihood: performing sacrifices for others, teaching, and receiving gifts from the pure.”
Neither Āpastamba nor Baudhāyana make this distinction, nor does Manu in his first chapter.
Vasiṣṭha does not make it for the Brāhmaṇa (2.14), but he does for the Kṣatriya and Vaiśya.
Gautama adopts a different procedure: he first (10.1) lists—without using a generic term—the three activities of the twice-born: studying, sacrificing, giving gifts, and then adds “additional” (adhika) ones for the Brāhmaṇa (10.2), the Kṣatriya (10.7), and the Vaiśya (10.49).
The separation is complete in the Viṣṇusmṛti, which first (2.4–9) gives the dharmas of the four castes (varṇa), and then (2.10–15) their vṛttis, an often used synonum for jīvikā.
Manu then states (10.77–78) that the three activities which constitute the jīvikā of the Brāhmaṇa do not apply in the case of a Kṣatriya or Vaiśya: “Three obligations (dharma) are not transferable from the Brāhmaṇa to the Kṣatriya: teaching, performing sacrifices for others, and, thirdly, receiving gifts. Similarly, they shall not be transferred to the Vaiśya; such is the rule. For Manu, the creator, does not prescribe these obligations for either one of these.”
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryjīvikā : (f.) livelihood.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryJīvikā, (f.) (abstr. fr. jīvaka) living, livelihood S. III, 93; A. V, 87, 210; J. IV, 459; Miln. 122; SnA 466. frequent in combination °ṃ kappeti to find or get one’s living: J. II, 209; PvA. 40, etc.; °kappaka finding one’s livelihood (c. ger. by) J. II, 167. Cp. next. (Page 285)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryjīvikā (जीविका).—f (S) Means of subsistence; property, profession, or occupation by which life is maintained.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishjīvikā (जीविका).—f Means of subsistence.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryJīvikā (जीविका).—[jīv-akan ata itvam]
1) Means of living, livelihood; कुदेशे नास्ति जीविका (kudeśe nāsti jīvikā) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.139.94.
2) The life-giving element, i. e. water.
3) life; कृपणा वर्तयिष्यामि कथं कृपणजीविका (kṛpaṇā vartayiṣyāmi kathaṃ kṛpaṇajīvikā) Rām.2.2.47.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryJīvika (जीविक) or Jīvaka.—(1) , the physician: Avadāna-śataka ii.134.6 ff.; [(2) in Lalitavistara 430.20 text jīvika-pariskāra, but most mss. jīvita- or javika-; read jīvita-, equipment or utensils for living.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryJīvikā (जीविका).—f.
(-kā) 1. Livelihood, profession or occupation by which a subsistence is obtained. 2. A tree: see jīvantī. E. jīv to live, ṇvul and ṭāp affixes: see jīvaka.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Jīvikā (जीविका):—[from jīvaka > jīv] a f. living, manner of living, [Kaṭha-upaniṣad; Manu-smṛti iv, 11; x, 82] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] livelihood, [x, 76; Mahābhārata] etc. (ifc. f(ā). , [Rājataraṅgiṇī vi, 22])
3) [v.s. ...] the plant Jīvantī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] [plural] ‘life-giving element’, water, [Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra vi, 9].
5) [from jīv] b f. See vaka.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryJīvikā (जीविका):—(kā) 1. f. Livelihood; profession, occupation; a tree.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Jīvikā (जीविका) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Jīviā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryJīvikā (जीविका):—(nf) livelihood; subsistence; —[calānā] to earn one’s livelihood, to make both ends meet.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusJīvika (ಜೀವಿಕ):—[noun] = ಜೀವಿಕೆ - [jivike -] 2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Jivikakri, Jivikam-kappeti, Jivikamatrata, Jivikapanna, Jivikaprapta.
Ends with (+19): Aajivika, Ajajivika, Ajivika, Aksharajivika, Alamjivika, Angarajivika, Apannajivika, Ardhajivika, Asukhajivika, Bhaikshajivika, Bhatakajivika, Brahmanajivika, Cirajivika, Ekanujivika, Janajivika, Jivamjivika, Kapanajivika, Kujivika, Naujivika, Parasvopajivika.
Full-text (+60): Ajajivika, Bhaikshajivika, Brahmanajivika, Vriddhijivika, Jivaka, Jivikaprapta, Jivikapanna, Aksharajivika, Alamjivika, Naujivika, Shrutijivika, Jivia, Upajivika, Shvajivika, Pautrajivika, Vipanijivika, Suvarnajivika, Jivikam-kappeti, Yavajjivikata, Jivikakri.
Relevant text
Search found 7 books and stories containing Jivika, Jeevika, Jīvikā, Jīvika; (plurals include: Jivikas, Jeevikas, Jīvikās, Jīvikas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Appendix 1 - The Śucimukhī-sūtra < [Chapter VI - The Great Bhikṣu Saṃgha]
Concept of Mind in the Major Upanishads (by Gisha K. Narayanan)
7. The Concept of Mind in Buddhism < [Chapter 3 - The concept of Mind in the Darśanas]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 3.4.59-060 < [Chapter 4 - Descriptions of Śrī Acyutānanda’s Pastimes and the Worship of Śrī Mādhavendra]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 10.82 < [Section IX - Variations in the Functions of the Brāhmaṇa due to Abnormal Conditions]
Verse 10.76 < [Section VIII (b) - Functions of the Castes]
Verse 4.11 < [Section II - Means of Subsistence]
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
The Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
Division of Varṇa (b): The Kṣatriyas < [Chapter 2]