Jihma, Jihmā: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Jihma means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraJihmā (जिह्मा, “crooked”) refers to a specific “glance” (dṛṣṭi), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 8. This is a type of glance that expresses a ‘transitory state’ (saṃcāribhāva). There are a total thirty-six glances defined.
Source: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)A type of glance (or facial expression): Jihma (oblique): bent back, a slow and hidden glance; used to convey secret meanings, and in envy.
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraJihmā (जिह्मा).—A type of glance (dṛṣṭi) expressing a transitory state (saṃcāribhāva);—The Glance in which the eyelids are hanging down and slightly contracted and the eyeballs are concealed, and which casts itself obliquely and slyly is called Jihmā (crooked).
Uses of Jihmā (crooked)—in envy, stupor and indolence.
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)Jihmā (जिह्मा) refers to one of the Thirty six kinds of Glances (dṛṣṭi) or “proper accomplishment of glances” (in Indian Dramas), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—Dṛṣṭi is very important in a dance form. The appropriate movements of eyes, eyeballs and eyebrows of an artist make the performance more charming. There are thirty six kinds of glances (dṛṣṭi) accepted in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, for example jihmā, belonging to the sthāyībhāvadṛṣṭi division.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsJihma (जिह्म):—[jihmaṃ] Tortuous, Curved, Distorted
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismJihma (जिह्म) is the name of a Śrāvaka mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Jihma).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryJihma (जिह्म).—a. [jahāti saralamārgam; hā-man sanvat ālopaśca Uṇādi-sūtra 1.138]
1) Sloping, athwart, oblique.
2) Crooked, awry, squint; Ṛtusaṃhāra 1.12.
3) Tortuous, curved, going irregularly.
4) Curved, bent.
5) Morally crooked, deceitful, dishonest, wicked, unfair; धृतहेतिरप्यधृतजिह्ममतिः (dhṛtahetirapyadhṛtajihmamatiḥ) Kirātārjunīya 6.24; सुहृदर्थमीहितमजिह्मधियाम् (suhṛdarthamīhitamajihmadhiyām) Śiśupālavadha 9.62.
5) Dim, dark, pale-coloured; विधिसमयनियोगाद्दीप्तिसंहारजिह्मम् (vidhisamayaniyogāddīptisaṃhārajihmam) Kirātārjunīya 1.46.
6) Slow, lazy.
-hmam 1 Dishonesty; falsehood; जिह्माप्रायं व्यवहृतम् (jihmāprāyaṃ vyavahṛtam) Bhāgavata 1.14.4; समर्थस्त्वं रणे हन्तुं विक्रमे जिह्मकारिणम् (samarthastvaṃ raṇe hantuṃ vikrame jihmakāriṇam) Rām.4.27.36.
2) The Tagara tree.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryJihma (जिह्म).—adj. (in these senses recorded nowhere else; Sanskrit, Pali jimha, and Prakrit jimha, jimma, regularly crooked or fig. dishonest), (1) bereft of light, obscured, not shining, dull; regularly said of entities regarded as brightly shining in themselves, but having their light eclipsed or obscured by a greater radiance, especially that emitted or caused by the Buddha; so at the bodhi-tree Buddha causes a radiance which makes the divine abodes of the gods jihma Mahāvastu ii.316.18 or jihmavarṇa Mahāvastu ii.313.17; 316.16 and by Senart's em. (for mss. jihmabala) 295.1; 296.9; 304.1; 308.16 (in all these jihma-bala might stand, of obscured, dulled power); similarly, jihma vipaśyatha (so divide) divya ātmabhāvāṃ Lalitavistara 49.12 (verse; Apsarases speak, looking at Māyā's superior beauty), see how (our) divine bodies are eclipsed (in splendor); jihma sarvatuṣitālayo bhuto (m.c. for bhūto) 54.3 (verse), the whole abode of the Tuṣita became splendorless; sarvāṇi mārabhavanāni karonti jihmā 296.16 (verse); jihma (so divide; acc. sg.) kurvati jagat sadevakam Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 6.15 (verse); also fig. of the intelligence and senses; vijñāna, in Mahāvastu ii.355.14 (verse) ye gṛddhā lābhasatkāre jihma-vijñāna-(dull intelligence)-niśritā; and Karmavibhaṅga (and Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa) 31.12 (apāyeṣūpapanno) durgandho bhavati jihmendriyo bhavaty avyaktendriyaḥ,…of dull and obscure (see avyakta) senses; (2) (compare jihmīkṛtaḥ Mahāvyutpatti 5200, below s.v. jihmīkaroti, with Tibetan) disappointed, depressed, saddened, despondent: in Lalitavistara 193.19 (verse) read (with v.l.) jihmā-jihma (n. pl., āmreḍita) sudurmanā, very depressed and downcast; con- firmed by Tibetan dman zhiṅ dman; probably so, a-jihma in Sukhāvatīvyūha 25.16 (prose) aśaṅko 'jihmo, free from doubt and despondency (in a description of a Bodhisattva); to be sure the next words are 'śaṭho 'māyāvī, which suggest the Sanskrit meaning, not deceitful, but these lists of charac- teristics are apt to go in pairs, and aśaṅka suggests this [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] meaning of (a-)jihma, which is otherwise known [Page243-b+ 71] and easily develops from mg (1). See the following items, which support both mgs.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryJihma (जिह्म).—mfn.
(-hmaḥ-hmā-hmaṃ) 1. Morally Crooked. 2. Dishonest. 3. Slow, lazy. 4. Dim, dark. 5. Oblique squint. m.
(-hmaḥ) A tree, (Tabernæmontana coronaria.) E. hā to quit, (a straight line,) man Unadi affix, and the root reduplicated, deriv, irr. hā man sanvat ālopaśca .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryJihma (जिह्म).— (probably akin to hvṛ, for primitive jihvṛ, i. e. redupl. hvṛ, + a), adj., f. mā. 1. Oblique,
Jihma (जिह्म).—[adjective] not straight or upright, oblique, transverse, crooked; [with] i, gam, etc. go awry or astray, fail, miss ([ablative]).
— [neuter] & tā† [feminine] falsehood, dishonesty.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Jihma (जिह्म):—mf(ā)n. ([Nirukta, by Yāska viii 15]) oblique, transverse, athwart, [Ṛg-veda i f.; Taittirīya-saṃhitā ii; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa v]
2) squinting (as the eye), [i, 5; Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā] etc.
3) with √i ([Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa iii, v; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa v, 9]), gam, nir-ṛch ([Atharva-veda xii, 4, 53]), 1. as ([Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa xi]), to go irregularly, turn off from the right way, miss the aim ([ablative])
4) crooked, tortuous, curved, [Horace H. Wilson]
5) morally crooked, deceitful, false, dishonest, [Yājñavalkya ii, 165; Mahābhārata] etc.
6) slow, lazy, [Naiṣadha-carita ii, 102]
7) dim, dulled, [Kirātārjunīya]
8) n. falsehood, dishonesty, [Praśna-upaniṣad i, 16; Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa i, 14, 4];—Tabernaemontana coronaria, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) n. cf. ā, vi-.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryJihma (जिह्म):—[(hmaḥ-hmā-hmaṃ) a.] Crooked, dishonest, mean. lazy. 1. n. A tree (Tabernæ montana coronaria).
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Jihma (जिह्म) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Jimha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusJihma (ಜಿಹ್ಮ):—
1) [noun] a crooked thing.
2) [noun] a lazy, indolent man.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+2): Jihmabara, Jihmadrishti, Jihmaga, Jihmagati, Jihmakarin, Jihmaksha, Jihmam, Jihmamehana, Jihmamina, Jihmamohana, Jihmaprekshin, Jihmashalya, Jihmashi, Jihmashin, Jihmashiras, Jihmata, Jihmatva, Jihmay, Jihmaya, Jihmayati.
Ends with: Ajihma, Apajihma, Bhrukshepajihma, Lodakajihma, Shothajihma, Vijihma, Vyajihma.
Full-text (+40): Jihmaga, Jihmashalya, Jimha, Jihmamohana, Jihmata, Jihmita, Jaihmya, Ajihma, Vijihma, Jihmagati, Jihmam, Jihmashi, Ajihmaga, Jihmayodhin, Jihmabara, Jihmashin, Jihmetara, Shothajihma, Bara, Jihmaksha.
Relevant text
Search found 8 books and stories containing Jihma, Jihmā; (plurals include: Jihmas, Jihmās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
2.6. Dṛṣṭi (sight or glance) < [Chapter 3 - Drama and Dance]
Abhinaya-darpana (English) (by Ananda Coomaraswamy)
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 5.20 - Laws Relating to Joint Commercial Undertaking < [Chapter 5 - Vyavahārādhyāya and the Modern Indian Laws]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)