Jema, Jemā: 3 definitions
Introduction:
Jema means something in the history of ancient India, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
India history and geography
Source: Wisdom Library: India HistoryJema (or, Jemā) refers to one of the 84 castes (gaccha) in the Jain community according to local Gujarat tradition. The Jain caste and sub-caste system was a comparatively later development within their community, and it may have arisen from the ancient classification of Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya and Śūdra. Before distinction of these classes (such as Jema), the society was not divided into distinct separate sections, but all were considered as different ways of life and utmost importance was attached to individual chartacter and mode of behaviour.
According to Dr. Vilas Adinath Sangava, “Jainism does not recognise castes (viz., Jema) as such and at the same time the Jaina books do not specifically obstruct the observance of caste rules by the members of the Jaina community. The attitude of Jainism towards caste is that it is one of the social practices, unconnected with religion, observed by people; and it was none of its business to regulate the working of the caste system” (source).
The legendary account of the origin of these 84 Jain castes (e.g., Jema) relate that once a rich Jain invited members of the Jain community in order to establish a vaiśya-mahāsabhā (i.e. Central Association of Traders). In response, 84 representatives came from different places, and they were later seen as the progenitors of these castes. Various sources however mention differences in the list.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Jema in Nigeria is the name of a plant defined with Vetiveria nigritana in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Andropogon squarrosus var. chrysopogonoides Hack. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Monographiae Phanerogamarum (1889)
· Bulletin de l’Institut Française d’Afrique Noire (1960)
· Austrobaileya (1999)
· Niger Flora (1849)
· Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (1919)
· Boissiera (1960)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Jema, for example pregnancy safety, chemical composition, health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryJema (जेम) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit words: Jim, Bhuj.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Jema menthok, Jemaka, Jemakian, Jemal, Jemalaji, Jeman, Jemana, Jemanaga, Jemanaka, Jemanara, Jemanavara, Jemani, Jemant, Jemanta, Jematema, Jemati, Jemavana, Jemaviya.
Full-text: Jema menthok, Jim, Bhuj, Joma.
Relevant text
Search found 4 books and stories containing Jema, Jemā, Jēma; (plurals include: Jemas, Jemās, Jēmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Page 207 < [Volume 2 (1905)]
Vasudevahindi (cultural history) (by A. P. Jamkhedkar)
20. References to Sacraments (in ancient India) < [Chapter 3 - Social Conditions]
Mahapurana of Puspadanta (critical study) (by Ratna Nagesha Shriyan)
Abhijnana Shakuntala (synthetic study) (by Ramendra Mohan Bose)
Chapter 2 - Dvitiya-anka (dvitiyo'nkah) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]