Jarayuja, Jarāyuja, Jarāyujā, Jarayu-ja: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Jarayuja means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Google Books: Cultural History from the Vāyu PurānaJarāyuja (जरायुज)—One of the four Classification of Animals (paśu), according to the Vāyu Purāṇa (23.101).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Śrīmad Devī BhāgavatamJarāyujā (जरायुजा, “men, etc.”):—One of the four classes of Jīva (‘living beings’). They are endowed with the fruits of their past Karmas, wether auspicious or inauspicious. See the Devī-bhāgavata-purāṇa 3.13.25 (chapter on the Devī-yajña).
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramJarāyuja (जरायुज) refers to “(the creatures) born of wombs”, according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “Then (after that comes the fourth sacred seat [i.e., Kāmarūpa] which) is in the locus of the heart and is surrounded by eight energies, namely Mohā, Āvṛtā, Prakāśyā, Kiraṇā, Rāgavatī, Hṛṣṭā, Puṣṭī, and Krodhā. [...] The venerable Kāmānanda is the emperor in the middle of the Wheel; sustained by the venerable Kāmavatī (the energy of passion) as (his) lordship, in the midst of all the troupes of Yoginīs, (he) generates light with a yellow and red lustre like that of (a freshly) cut sapphire. (The seat) is surrounded by the tree, creeper, monastery, gesture and cave. One should know (this), the fourth sacred seat, as emanation by means of the (energy of the deity that) emanates in many ways (the creatures) born of eggs, sweat, seeds and wombs [i.e., jarāyuja]. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Samkhya (school of philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Sāṃkhya philosophyJarāyuja (जरायुज) refers to “born from the womb”, eg. viviparous beings, and represents a division of human creation (mānuṣasarga or mānuṣyasarga) according to the Sāṃkhyakārikā. The mānuṣasarga is one of the three types of elemental creation, also known as bhautikasarga.
The Sāṃkhyakārikā by Iśvarakṛṣṇa is the earliest extant text of the Sāṃkhya school of philosophy and dates from the 4th century CE. It contains 72 Sanskrit verses and contents include epistemology and the theory of causation.
Samkhya (सांख्य, Sāṃkhya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. Samkhya philosophy accepts three pramanas (‘proofs’) only as valid means of gaining knowledge. Another important concept is their theory of evolution, revolving around prakriti (matter) and purusha (consciousness).
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms1) Jarāyuja (जरायुज):—Mammals
2) Viviparous class of creatures
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of HeroesJarāyuja (जरायुज) refers to “womb-born”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly [while describing the wind-circle (vāyu-cakra)]: “[...] [Every Yoginī who] dwells in the chandoha (“milking together”) [holy sites], is excellent, should be known to be [of] the Hard-to-Conquer Level, and are approved to live in the fourth continent. This layer (the second layer) consists of the egg-born. [It is] triple, divided by quality. Consisting of three [circles], the third layer is formed by the moisture-born The fourth layer, called ‘womb-born (jarāyuja),’ is understood to comprise three [circles]. The Wind Circle, the second, is thus [taught]. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraJarāyuja (जरायुज) refers to “one born from the chorion”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 22, v2).—Accordingly, “[...] Sometimes there are Bodhisattvas who arise apparitionally (upapāduka) on the lotuses. In regard to the four wombs (yoni), the Bodhisattva is born from the chorion (jarāyuja) or he is of apparitional birth (upapāduka). In regard to the four castes of men (jāti), the Bodhisattva is born either into the kṣatriya caste or in that of the Brāhmaṇa, for these two castes are honored by men”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaJarāyuja (जरायुज, “viviparous”) refers to one of the “four wombs” (yoni) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 90). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., jarāyuja). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 2: the Category of the livingJarāyuja (जरायुज) refers to “living beings born with placenta” and represents a category of beings born by way of garbha (uterus or womb), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 2.31. Garbha represents one of the three types of birth (janman, method of getting born). What is the meaning of ‘born with placenta’ (jarāyuja)? The living beings born out of the uterus with a thin covering on their body are called born with placenta.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryjarāyuja (जरायुज).—a S Born from the womb, viviparous. See aṇḍaja, svēdaja, udbhijja.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryJarāyuja (जरायुज).—a. born from the womb, viviparous; Manusmṛti 1.43. and Malli. on Kumārasambhava 3.42.
Jarāyuja is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms jarāyu and ja (ज).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryJarāyuja (जरायुज).—mfn.
(-jaḥ-jā-jaṃ) Viviparous, born from the womb, as man and other animals. E. jarāyu the womb, ja born. jarāyau jāyate jana-ḍa .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryJarāyuja (जरायुज).—[jarāyu-ja], adj., f. jā, Born from the womb, as man and other animals, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 43.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryJarāyuja (जरायुज).—[adjective] born from the womb.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Jarāyuja (जरायुज):—[=jarāyu-ja] [from jarāyu > jara] mfn. viviparous, [Atharva-veda l, 12, 1; Manu-smṛti i, 43; Mahābhārata xiv; Suśruta; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
2) [from jarāyu-ja > jarāyu > jara] ([according to] to some in [Atharva-veda i, 12, 1 ]= ‘sprung from the womb of a cloud’, said of lightning).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryJarāyuja (जरायुज):—[jarāyu-ja] (jaḥ-jā-jaṃ) a. Viviparous, born from the womb.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusJarāyuja (ಜರಾಯುಜ):—[adjective] born from the womb; womb-born; viviparous.
--- OR ---
Jarāyuja (ಜರಾಯುಜ):—[noun] that which is born from the womb of its mother (as diff from being hatched); any viviparous animal.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Ends with: Amdajarayuja.
Full-text: Jaruja, Potaja, Yoni, Jaraja, Pashu, Caturvasana, Jivaja, Ja, Jarayu, Four Wombs, Caturyoni, Upapaduka, Garbha, Bhautikasarga, Aupapaduka.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Jarayuja, Jarayu-ja, Jarāyu-ja, Jarāyuja, Jarāyujā; (plurals include: Jarayujas, jas, Jarāyujas, Jarāyujās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Fauna (2-3): Division of Animals based on their origin < [Chapter 5 - Aspects of Nature]
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 2.33 - Three kinds uterine birth (garbha-janma) < [Chapter 2 - Category of the Living]
Verse 2.35 - Birth by pontaneous generation (sammūrcchana-janma) < [Chapter 2 - Category of the Living]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Courses through the five destinies (pañcagati) < [The world of transmigration]
Act 5.6: Those reborn turn to the Buddha to pay homage to him < [Chapter XIV - Emission of rays]
VI. The knowledge of acquired dispositions (dhātu-jñānabala) < [Part 2 - The ten powers in particular]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 1.43 < [Section XXV - The Viviparous, Oviparous, Sweat-born and Vegetable Beings]
Animal Kingdom (Tiryak) in Epics (by Saranya P.S)
Samarangana-sutradhara (Summary) (by D. N. Shukla)