Jarana, Jāraṇa, Jaraṇa: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Jarana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraJāraṇa (जारण):—Thirteenth of the eighteen Saṃskāra (special purification process). They are used to purify rasa (mercury) as per Rasaśāstra literature (Medicinal Alchemy), and are mentioned in texts such as the Rasaprakāśasudhākara. In Āyurveda, Saṃskāra refers to the “detoxification” process of metals and herbs. The Jāraṇa-saṃskāra is mainly used for transmutational alchemical purposes. In other words: the last ten saṃskāras are sequentially used for the ends of transmutational and elixir alchemy. Jāraṇa refers to the ‘digestion’ or ‘assimilation’ of metals in mercury. Because it issues from a series of operations, jāraṇa comprises the culmination of the four previous alchemical saṃskāras as much as an operation in itself.
Source: Google Books: The Alchemical BodyJāraṇa is a phase of an alchemical process, involving the total digestion or assimilation of a metal into the mercury (rasa). Because it issues from a series of operations, jāraṇa may be viewed as the culmination of these alchemical saṃskāras as much as an operation in itself. From this point onwards, it becomes quite artificial to distinguish mercury from the metals to be transmuted. Once mercury has digested a given metal, that metal no longer exists per se; rather, it is alchemically activated mercury itself that will become transmuted into silver or gold.
Source: archive.org: History of Indian Science Technology (rasashastra)Jāraṇa (जारण, “calcination”) represents to the thirteenth of eighteen alchemical purification processes of mercury (mahārasa, rasendra or pārada). A religio-philosophic base was given to mercury-based alchemy in India. Mercury was looked upon as the essence of God Śiva, and sulphur as that of Goddess Pārvatī.
Mercury had to undergo 18 processes (e.g., jāraṇa) before it could be used for transforming either metals or the human body. A combination of male and female principles (i.e. mercury and sulphur) forming cinnabar or mercuric sulphide or even of mercury and mica, was supposed to be highly potent and was therefore consumed as a Rasāyana or medicine for increasing body fluids or vitality. The earliest mention of Rasāyana was found in Āyurveda which was probably composed by 8th or 9th century BC, since it was a part of Atharvaveda, the last of the four Vedas.
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (rasashastra)Jāraṇa (जारण) (Cf. Jīrṇa) refers to one of the sixteen rasa-saṃskāras (alchemical processes). Jāraṇa can mean digestion, assimilation, or swallowing (in much the same sense that we speak of an acid “eating away” at a metal).
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭuJāraṇa (जारण) is another name for Kāsamarda, a medicinal plant identified with Senna occidentalis (formerly known as Cassia occidentalis Linn.) or “septicweed” from the Fabaceae or “legume” family of flowering plants, according to verse 4.171-172 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Together with the names Jāraṇa and Kāsamarda, there are a total of eight Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyJaraṇa (जरण) is another name (synonym) for Hiṅgu, which is a Sanskrit name for the plant Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida). This synonym was identified by Narahari in his 13th-century Rājanighaṇṭu (verses 6.72-75), which is an Ayurvedic medicinal thesaurus. The synonym can also be divided as two separate synonyms, Śūlaghna and Gulmaghna.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsJāraṇa (जारण):—A mercurial process made to digest without increment in the weight of the initial mercury.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraJaraṇa (जरण, “decaying”) refers to one of the types of mokṣa (“termination”) of solar and lunar eclipses, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the lunar eclipse should commence at the eastern point and terminate at the western point of the disc, the termination is known as jaraṇa (decaying): mankind will be afflicted with hunger and with wars: where then will they go for protection? If the middle of the eclipsed disc should first begin to clear, the termination is known as madhyavidaraṇa (central opening): there will be anger at heart and prosperity over the land but not much rain. If the edge should first begin to clear all round, while there is darkness in the centre, the termination is known as antavidaraṇa (terminal opening): Madhyadeśa or Central Provinces will suffer, and the crops of Śarat will be injured”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsJaraṇa (जरण) refers to “(thoroughly) digesting”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī (KSTS vol. 65, 348, commentary on Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā III.2.19).—Accordingly, “In the [process of] transmutation by the “one taste” that is [the fundamental] “I,” when, (B):—[...] or when [objectivity] is completely destroyed or ‘liquefied’—i.e. in the state Beyond the Fourth, the level of Goddess-consciousness, as it were—according to the maxim of liquid mercury thoroughly digesting (jaraṇa-āpādita) the remaining ‘gold,’ i.e. the power of the impression(s) of that [objectivity], which [now] have the appearance of gold [i.e., radiant and soft] due to having been thoroughly penetrated by the innate form of that [‘I’/rasa], [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Jarana in India is the name of a plant defined with Carum bulbocastanum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedts..
2) Jarana is also identified with Carum carvi It has the synonym Carum gracile Boiss. (etc.).
3) Jarana is also identified with Saussurea costus It has the synonym Aplotaxis lappa Decaisne (etc.).
4) Jarana is also identified with Senna occidentalis It has the synonym Cassia falcata L. (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands (1924)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Botanicheskii Zhurnal (1964)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1997)
· Flora Caroliniana (1788)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Jarana, for example health benefits, diet and recipes, chemical composition, side effects, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryjāraṇa (जारण).—n (S) Incantations to produce impotency, diseases, or infirmities.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishjāraṇa (जारण).—n Incantations to produce diseases, infirmities &c.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryJaraṇa (जरण).—a. [jṝ-lyu]
1) Old, decayed, infirm.
2) Promoting digestion.
-ṇaḥ, -ṇam Cummin seed.
-ṇā1 Old age.
2) Praise.
-ṇam 1 Old age.
2) One of the ten ways in which an eclipse is supposed to end.
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Jāraṇa (जारण).—
1) Causing decay.
2) Oxydizing of metals.
Derivable forms: jāraṇam (जारणम्).
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Jāraṇa (जारण).—[jṝ-ṇic lyuṭ]
1) Causing to decay.
2) Stimulating digestion.
3) Calcining or oxidizing metals.
4) A condiment.
Derivable forms: jāraṇam (जारणम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryJaraṇa (जरण).—mfn.
(-ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) Old, infirm, decayed. m.
(-ṇaḥ) 1. Cuminseed. 2. A plant yielding a pungent seed, (Nigella Indica.) 3. A sort of salt, (Bit-laban.) 4. Old age, becoming old and infirm. n.
(-ṇaṃ) Asafœtida. E. jṝ to become old, affix lyu .
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Jāraṇa (जारण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) 1. Calcining or oxydizing metals. 2. A condiment, a digester. E. jṝ to decay, causal form, lyu aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryJaraṇa (जरण).—i. e. jṛ10 + ana, adj. 1. Old (ved.). 2. Digestive, [Suśruta] 1, 155, 16.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryJaraṇa (जरण).—[adjective] infirm, old; [feminine] ā old age.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Jaraṇa (जरण):—[from jara] mfn. old, decayed, [Ṛg-veda iv, 33, 3; x, 40, 3]
2) [v.s. ...] solvent, promoting digestion, [Suśruta i, 42 and 45]
3) [v.s. ...] m. n. cumin-seed, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] m. Nigella indica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Asa foetida, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] a kind of salt, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] = rṇu, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
8) [v.s. ...] Cassia Sophora, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] n. the becoming old, [Horace H. Wilson]
10) [v.s. ...] decomposition, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha iii, 225] (cf. 221)
11) [v.s. ...] digestion, [Caraka iii, 4 and 17]
12) [v.s. ...] one of the 10 ways in which an eclipse is supposed to end, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā v]
13) [v.s. ...] Costus speciosus or arabicus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) Jaraṇā (जरणा):—[from jaraṇa > jara] a f. old age, [Ṛg-veda vii, 30, 4; x, 37 and 39]
15) [v.s. ...] Nigella indica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) [from jara] 2. jaraṇā f. dry wood (?), [Ṛg-veda i, 141, 7]
17) [v.s. ...] ?, 121, 6.
18) Jāraṇa (जारण):—[from jāra] n. causing decay, [Horace H. Wilson]
19) [v.s. ...] condiment, a digester, [Horace H. Wilson]
20) [v.s. ...] oxydizing of metals
21) Jāraṇā (जारणा):—[from jāraṇa > jāra] f. idem, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha ix, 33]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Jaraṇa (जरण):—[(ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) a.] Old, decayed. 1. m. Cumin-seed; Nigella Indica; a sort of salt. n. Asafoetida.
2) Jāraṇa (जारण):—(ṇaṃ) 1. n. Calcining; a digester, a condiment.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Jaraṇa (जरण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Jaraṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryJaraṇa (जरण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Jaraṇa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusJaraṇa (ಜರಣ):—
1) [adjective] feeble and infirm from old age, lack of proper care or maintenance, etc.; worn out; decayed.
2) [adjective] aiding digestion.
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Jaraṇa (ಜರಣ):—[noun] 'the aromatic seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum (family: Apiaceae) used for flavouring foods; cumin seed.'
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Jāraṇa (ಜಾರಣ):—[noun] the fact of (food) being digested.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Jaranadruma, Jaranaila, Jaranaka, Jaranam, Jaranamarana, Jaranamaranadi, Jaranamgai, Jaranan, Jaranari, Jaranashakti.
Ends with: Ajirnajarana, Gujarana, Gumjarana, Hemadrijarana, Najarana, Najaranajarana, Nijjarana, Nijjarana, Nirjarana, Pajarana, Panjarana, Pimjarana, Prajarana, Vajjarana, Vinijjarana, Vinirjarana.
Full-text (+19): Jaranadruma, Jaranam, Palikayamtra, Hemadrijarana, Jarna, Asurividya, Nirjarana, Vida, Anakrita, Jarani, Jirana, Neem, Nimba, Chichiri, Vigatavidhava, Abhraka, Navasara, Moksha, Varatika, Agnijara.
Relevant text
Search found 6 books and stories containing Jarana, Jāraṇa, Jaraṇa, Jaraṇā, Jāraṇā; (plurals include: Jaranas, Jāraṇas, Jaraṇas, Jaraṇās, Jāraṇās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study) (by G. D. Jayalakshmi)
Rasa and Gandhaka—The Base of all Medicines < [Chapter 4 - Āyurvedic principles in Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Daily Life (1): Food and Drinks < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 12 - Mercurial operations (10): Swallowing of metals of Mercury (grasana) < [Chapter IV-V - Mercurial operations]
Part 1 - Alchemical apparatus (yantra) < [Chapter VI - Laboratory equipment]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra) (by Bhalchandra Sitaram Sukthankar)
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