Jambuka: 30 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
In Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Biology
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Kannada
See also

Introduction:

Jambuka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Jambuka (जम्बुक) or Jambukarasa is the name of an Ayurvedic recipe defined in the fifth volume of the Rasajalanidhi (chapter 10, Śūla: pain in the belly). These remedies are classified as Iatrochemistry and form part of the ancient Indian science known as Rasaśāstra (medical alchemy). However, since it is an ayurveda treatment it should be taken with caution and in accordance with rules laid down in the texts.

Accordingly, when using such recipes (e.g., jambuka-rasa): “the minerals (uparasa), poisons (viṣa), and other drugs (except herbs), referred to as ingredients of medicines, are to be duly purified and incinerated, as the case may be, in accordance with the processes laid out in the texts.” (see introduction to Iatro chemical medicines)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

Jambūka (जम्बूक) refers to the Red fox (Vulpes Vulpes), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Jambūka (जम्बूक) refers to a “jackal”, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—In the beginning of the twelfth Adhyāya, Kāśyapasaṃhita adds external and internal antidotes for poisons of various animals and insects. [...] The intake of cow’s ghee removes the poison of jackal bite (jambūka-viṣa). [jambūkaviṣanāśanaḥ ].

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

Jambuka (जम्बुक) is a Sanskrit word referring to the animal “jackal”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Jambuka is part of the sub-group named prasaha, refering to animals “who take their food by snatching”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Jambūka (जम्बूक).—A warrior of Subrahmaṇya. (Mahābhārata Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Stanza 74).

2) Jambuka (जम्बुक).—(JAMBUMĀLIKA). A Śūdra Sage. The child of a brahmin died when Śrī Rāma, after his twelve years' exile in forest had returned to Ayodhyā and was ruling the country in an ideal manner. The brahmin and his wife carried the dead body of their child to the palace with loud lamentations. Everybody felt surprised how there could be child-death in the land when the King was ruling it in the most dhārmic (righteous) manner. Then did Nārada, who was present in the assembly, point out that in a corner of Rāmarājya a Śūdra Sage was doing tapas and that it was the reason for the untimely death of the brahmin child. At once Śrī Rāma set out in search of the Śūdra Sage after directing Śatrughna to see that no enemy entered the country, and asking Lakṣmaṇa to take care of the dead body of the brahmin child. After a rather detailed search Śrī Rāma found Jambuka at the mountain called Śailam doing tapas hanging from the branch of a tree on his legs with head down. He told Śrī Rāma that he was the Śūdra Sage called Jambuka and was performing tapas thus so that he might ascend to heaven in his very body. Śrī Rāma at once cut off the head of the Śūdra Sage, who attained, as soon as Rāma’s sword fell on him, mokṣa (salvation), and the dead child of the brahmin returned to life again. (Uttara Rāmāyaṇa).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Jambuka (जम्बुक).—A son of Āpa.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 69. 30.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Jambuka (जम्बुक) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.69, IX.44.71) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Jambuka) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti texts

Jambuka (जम्बुक) refers to the animal “Red fox” (Vulpes vulpes).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Jambuka] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].

context information

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Jambuka (जम्बुक) refers to a “jackal”, according to the Devyāmata (in the section śalyoddhāra-paṭala or “excavation of extraneous substances”).—Accordingly, “[...] If a buffalo steps over [a cord], there is the bone of a jackal (jambuka—asthi syāj jambukasya tu) [beneath the site]. If a jackal (jambuka) steps over [a cord], [the officiant] should prognosticate the bone of a boar [beneath the site]. [...]”.

context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

l. Jambuka Thera - He was born in Rajagaha of rich parents but from infancy he would eat nothing but excrement. When he grew older he was ordained with the Ajivakas, who pulled out his hair with a palmyra comb. When the Ajivakas discovered that he ate filth, they expelled him and he lived as a naked ascetic, practising all kinds of austerities and accepting no offerings save butter and honey placed on the tip of his tongue with the point of a blade of grass. His fame spread far. When he was fifty five years old, the Buddha visited him and spent the night in a cave near his abode. During the night, Jambuka saw mighty gods come to pay homage to the Buddha and was so impressed that the next day he sought the Buddhas counsel. The Buddha told him of his past evil deeds which had condemned him to practise austerities for so long and counselled him to give up his evil ways. In the course of the sermon, Jambuka grew ashamed of his nakedness and the Buddha gave him a bath robe. At the end of the discourse Jambuka became an arahant, and when the inhabitants of Anga and Magadha came to him with their offerings, he performed a miracle before them and paid homage to the Buddha, acknowledging him as his teacher.

In the time of Kassapa Buddha, Jambuka was a monk and had a lay patron who looked after him. One day a pious monk came to his vihara, and the layman, being pleased with him, showed him much attention. The resident monk, very jealous, reviled the visitor, saying, It would be better for you to eat filth than food in this laymans house, to tear your hair with a palmyra comb than let his barber cut it for you, to go naked than wear robes given by him, to lie on the ground than on a bed provided by him. The Elder, not wishing to be the cause of his sinning, left the monastery the next day. Because of this act, the meditations practised by Jambuka for twenty thousand years were of no avail, and he was born in Avici, where he suffered torments during an interval between two Buddhas. In this last life, too, he was condemned to suffer in many ways, as related above (DhA.ii.52-63; Thag.283-6; ThagA.i.386f).

In the time of Tissa Buddha he was a householder and made offerings at the Buddhas Bodhi tree, fanning the Buddhas seat with a fan. He is probably identical with Sihasanavijaniya of the Apadana (Ap.ii.403).

It is said (Mil.350; AA.i.57) that when the Buddha preached to Jambuka, eighty four thousand others realised the Truth.

2. Jambuka - A parrot, an incarnation of the Bodhisatta, adopted as his son by Brahmadatta, king of Benares. He preached to the king on the fivefold power - of limbs, of wealth, of counsel, of caste and of wisdom - the last being the best. The king thereupon appointed him commander in chief. J.v.111, 120, 125.

3. Jambuka - A dog, companion of the she goat in the Putimamsa Jataka. J.iii.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Jambuka (जम्बुक) is the name of an Arhat, mentioned in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 36.—Accordingly, “at the time of the Buddha Kāśyapa, Jambuka as an elder lived with a lay devotee. A wandering monk, in the course of his alms-round, came to the layman and was welcomed there. In a fit of jealousy, Jambuka insulted the visitor and declared that for his part he would never accept anything from lay people and rather preferred to eat dung, tear out his hair, go naked and sleep on the ground...”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala

1) Jambuka (जम्बुक) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Jambukī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Medinīcakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the medinīcakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Jambuka] are yellow in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.

2) Jambuka (जम्बुक) is also the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Jambukī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Jalacakra, according to the same work. Accordingly, the jalacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the saṃbhoga-puṭa (‘enjoyment layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Jambuka] are white in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife..

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (tantric Buddhism)

Jambuka (जम्बुक) refers to a “jackal”, according to the Bhūśalyasūtrapātananimittavidhi section of Jagaddarpaṇa’s Ācāryakriyāsamuccaya, a text within Tantric Buddhism dealing with construction manual for monasteries etc.—Accordingly, “[...] [The officiant] should examine omens. If a cord is cut, the death of a master [will take place]. If the cries of a jackal (jambuka), a vulture and a heron) [are heard], then the death of a lord [will] definitely [take place]. [...]”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Jainism

Jambuka (जम्बुक) is the name of a caitya (‘shrine’, dedicated to a deity), located in the town Ulluka-tīra-nagara, according to the Bhagavatī-sūtra, also known as The Vyākhyāprajñapti (“Exposition of Explanations”). The Bhagavatī-sūtra is the largest of twelve Jain āgamas and was composed by Sudharmāsvāmī in the 6th century.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Jambukā (जम्बुका) is the wife of teacher Satyaki from Ratnapura, according to chapter 5.1 [śāntinātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Jambuka in India is the name of a plant defined with Pandanus tectorius in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Pandanus chelyon H. St. John (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Fragmenta Botanica (1801)
· Der Naturforscher (1774)
· Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress Association (1984)
· Supplementum Plantarum (1781)
· Ceiba (1975)
· Fieldiana, Botany (1958)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Jambuka, for example diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, chemical composition, extract dosage, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

jambuka : (m.) a jackal.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Jambuka, (Sk. jambuka, to jambh?) a jackal J. II, 107; III, 223. (Page 279)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

jambūka (जंबूक).—m S A jackal.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

jambūka (जंबूक).—m A jackal.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Jambuka (जम्बुक) or Jambūka (जम्बूक).—(-kī f.)

1) A jackal.

2) A low man.

3) The rose apple tree.

4) An epithet of Varuṇa.

Derivable forms: jambukaḥ (जम्बुकः), jambūkaḥ (जम्बूकः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jambuka (जम्बुक).—m.

(-kaḥ) 1. A jackal. 2. The deity of water, Varuna. 3. A low man. 4. The rose apple. jam to eat, affix ukac and vuk augment, eating flesh, &c. or jambu as above, and ka added the affix also being ūkac, jambūka . jambaḥ iva kāyati kai-ka .

--- OR ---

Jambūka (जम्बूक).—m.

(-kaḥ) See jambuka.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jambuka (जम्बुक).—m. A jackal, [Pañcatantra] 35, 2. f. kā, A female jackal, [Pañcatantra] iv. [distich] 64.

--- OR ---

Jāmbuka (जाम्बुक).—i. e. jambuka + a, adj. Proceeding from a jackal, Mahābhārata 12, 5779.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jambuka (जम्बुक).—[masculine] a jackal (used also as an abusive word).

--- OR ---

Jambūka (जम्बूक).—[masculine] = jambuka.

--- OR ---

Jāmbuka (जाम्बुक).—[adjective] belonging to a jackal.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jambuka (जम्बुक):—m. a jackal, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Pañcatantra] etc.

2) a low man, [Cāṇakya]

3) Eugenia Jambos, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) a kind of Bignonia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) Name of Varuṇa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) of an attendant in Skanda’s retinue, [Mahābhārata ix, 2576]

7) of a Śūdra, [xii, 153, 67] (śamb, C)

8) Jambukā (जम्बुका):—[from jambuka] f. a female jackal, [Pañcatantra iv, 8, 1.]

9) Jambūka (जम्बूक):—[from jambuka] m. a jackal, [Hitopadeśa i, 3, 0/1] ([varia lectio])

10) [v.s. ...] a low man, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] Varuṇa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] Name of an attendant of Skanda, [Mahābhārata ix, 2578]

13) Jambūkā (जम्बूका):—[from jambūka > jambuka] f. a grape without stones, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) Jāmbuka (जाम्बुक):—mfn. coming from a jackal (jam), [Mahābhārata xii, 5779.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jambuka (जम्बुक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. A jackal; Varuna; a low man; rose-apple.

2) Jambūka (जम्बूक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. Vide jambūka.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Jambuka (जम्बुक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Jaṃbua, Jaṃbuga, Jaṃbūa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Jambuka in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Jaṃbuka (ಜಂಬುಕ):—

1) [noun] = ಜಂಬು [jambu]2.

2) [noun] the wild dog Canis aureus, that is smaller than the wolf; Indian jackal.

3) [noun] (myth.) the Ocean-God.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 19 books and stories containing Jambuka, Jambūka, Jāmbuka, Jambukā, Jambūkā, Jaṃbuka; (plurals include: Jambukas, Jambūkas, Jāmbukas, Jambukās, Jambūkās, Jaṃbukas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Part 3 - The Story of Naked Ascetic Jambuka < [Chapter 21 - Story of Sumana, Aggidatta and Jambuka]

Part 7 - Stories connected with the Second, Third and Fourth Vassa < [Chapter 20 - The Six Princes achieved different Attainments]

Chapter 21 - Story of Sumana, Aggidatta and Jambuka < [Volume 3]

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The story of Jambuka < [II. Recollection of the Dharma (dharmānusmṛti)]

II.2. Dharma, obtaining its retribution in the present lifetime (saṃdṛṣṭika) < [II. Recollection of the Dharma (dharmānusmṛti)]

Introduction to third volume < [Introductions]

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List of Other Jat clans added by Laxman Burdak

Tribes With unclear Position

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Verse 70 - The Story of Monk Jambuka < [Chapter 5 - Bāla Vagga (Fools)]