Humkara, Huṅkāra, Huṃkāra, Hūṃkāra, hum ka ra, Hūṅkāra, Hum-kara: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Humkara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Hunkar.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraHuṅkāra (हुङ्कार) refers to one of the thirty-three alaṃkāras (embellishments), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. It can also be spelled as Huṃkāra. These alaṃkāras, or, ‘embellishments of song’, depend upon the four types of varṇas, which refers to a specific order of musical notes (svara). They are attached to the songs of seven forms, although not generally used in the dhruvās.
According to the Nāṭyaśāstra, “huṃkāra ascending as in the hasita, at least two or at most four notes in each kalā”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramHuṃkāra (हुंकार) refers to one of the eight Heroes (vīra-aṣṭaka) associated with Nādapīṭha (identified with Kulūta), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The eight Heroes (vīrāṣṭaka): Vīreśa, Sumaṅgala, Mahājaṅgala, Huṃkāra, Suśānti, Parama, Prabodha, Praśānta.
Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)1) Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार) or Hūṅkāratantra refers to one of the twenty Bhūtatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Hūṅkāra-tantra belonging to the Bhūta class.
2) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) or Hūṃkāratantra also refers to one of the twenty-eight Gāruḍatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama division.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): (Shaivism)Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to the “syllable Hūm” and is associated with the Śivapraṇava, according to the Vijñānabhairavatantra (39).—Accordingly, “The vedic Praṇava is the syllable Om; the Śaiva Praṇava is the syllable Hūm (hūṃkāra) and the Māyā Praṇava is the syllable Hrīm; many such methods are taught in the Tantras”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara SamadhiHūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to the “letter hūṃ”, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “In front, above that, (arising from) the letter Yaṃ, is an air mandala, Above that, (arising from) the letter Raṃ, is a fire mandala, (and) above (that) a triangle marked red Ra, three shaved heads, and a lotus vessel, Behold the five ambrosia and five lamps, distributed, etc., therein, Arising from the letters Buṃ Āṃ Jiṃ Khaṃ Hūṃ Lāṃ Māṃ Pāṃ Tāṃ Vaṃ [e.g., tatra bhaktādikaṃ ... hūṃ ... kārajātaṃ]”.
Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of HeroesHūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to “the letter hūṃ”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while describing the Merit Circle (guṇacakra)]: “[...] [The Yoginīs’] mantras, [which involve] recitations of [their] individual names, are stated to begin with the letter oṃ. The letters hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ [e.g., hūṃkāra] are [recited] exactly at the end. He should make [mantras of all Yoginīs] on all circles [in this manner] [...]”.
Source: Rigpa Shedra: Wiki1) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to one of the most learned Indian Buddhist masters. According to the Pema Kathang, Humkara’s home-country is the mythical country of Ngatubchen (rnga thub chen). There, Hūṃkāra was initiated into the Kagye—the Nyingma’s eight main yidam which includes Śrī Heruka—from Padmasambhava and his consort Kālasiddhi. Tārānātha suggests that Hūṃkāra may have been an epithet of the Siddha Vaidyapāda (sman zhabs) aka Vīryapāda (bhi rgya pa; or: bir ya pa; or: bha wa pa). Accordingly, Vaidyapāda received the epithet Hūṃkāra after he had practised and accomplished the wrathful deity named Hūṃkāra. The short biography of Vaidyapāda that Tārānātha relates, matches the biography that Dudjom Rinpoche gives of Hūṃkāra.
Hūṃkāra is also known as Vajrahūṃkāra; and in Tibetan he is known as: hum ka ra; or: hum mdzad.
2) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) is associated with Yangdak Heruka —one of the deities of the Kagyé cycle (the “eight great sadhana teachings”).—[Cf. Vajradharma, “keeper of secrets”]—When each one of the great Vajra masters who had gathered at Deché Tsekpa (Śaṅkarakūṭa) had received their particular chest, they opened them and extracted their respective teachings. However none of them were able to open the final casket containing the eight sectioned Kagyé Deshek Düpa, so for seven days the Vajra masters [e.g., Huṃkāra] became absorbed together in meditative equipoise, and prayed single-pointedly to the dakinis to assist them. As a result, after the seven days had elapsed, the seal of the last casket sprang free and it opened of its own accord. This is how they were able to extract the teachings of Kagyé Deshek Düpa.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryhuṅkāra : (m.) the sound "hum."
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryhuṃkāra (हुँकार).—m (huṃ or hūṃ Grunt of assent, and kāra Affix.) The uttering of hūṃ (sound intimating consent or acquiescence) in reply to a questioner, or in acknowledgment of approbation or attention to a person relating a story: also the hūṃ so uttered.
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huṃkārā (हुँकारा).—m (hūṃ & kāra Affix.) The uttering, from time to time, of the sound hūṃ by the hearers of a narration, in expression of their clear apprehension, fixed attention &c. v dē.
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English DictionaryHuṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m (S) The uttering of the sound hūṃ in intimidation or angry repression of: also the sound hūṃ as uttered. Ex. ṛṣīnēṃ huṃ0 ṭākalā tara bhasma hōśīla.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-EnglishHuṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m The uttering of huṃ sound intimat- ing consent in reply to a questioner.
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huṅkāra (हुंकार).—m The uttering of the sound huṃ in intimidation or angry repression of.
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huṅkārā (हुंकारा).—m The uttering, from time to time, of the sound huṃ by hearers of a narration.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryHuṃkāra (हुंकार).—f.
1) uttering the sound 'hum'; पृष्टा पुनः पुनः कान्ता हुंकारैरेव भाषते (pṛṣṭā punaḥ punaḥ kāntā huṃkāraireva bhāṣate).
2) a menacing sound, sound of defiance; क्षतहुंकारशंसिनः (kṣatahuṃkāraśaṃsinaḥ) Kumārasambhava 2.26; हुंकारेणेव धनुषः स हि विघ्नानपोहति (huṃkāreṇeva dhanuṣaḥ sa hi vighnānapohati) Ś.3.1; R.7.58; Kumārasambhava 5.54.
3) roaring, bellowing in general.
4) the grunting of a boar.
5) the twang of a bow.
Derivable forms: huṃkāraḥ (हुंकारः).
Huṃkāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms hum and kāra (कार). See also (synonyms): huṃkṛti.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryHuṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m.
(-raḥ) Uttering a menacing sound, roaring, bellowing. E. huna, and kāra making; also similar compounds, as huṅkṛti, huṅkṛta, &c.
Huṅkāra can also be spelled as Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार).
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Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. Uttering the sound “Hum.” 2. Uttering a menacing sound, roaring: see huṅkāra. E. hūm, kāra making.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryHuṃkāra (हुंकार).—i. e. hum (an imitative sound), -kāra, m. 1. Uttering a menacing sound, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 345. 2. Roaring, bellowing, [Pañcatantra] 162, 25 (of an elephant). 3. Twang (of a bow), [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 52.
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Hūṃkāra (हूंकार).—i. e. hūm-kāra, 1. Uttering the sound hūm, [Devīmāhātmya, (ed. Poley.)] 6, 9; as injury, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 204. 2. Roaring, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 4, 24.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryHuṃkāra (हुंकार).—[masculine] the sound hum (v. hum).
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Hūṃkāra (हूंकार).—[masculine] = huṃkṛ & huṃkāra.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Huṃkāra (हुंकार):—[=huṃ-kāra] a huṃ-kṛta etc. See hum.
2) [=huṃ-kāra] [from huṃ > hum] b m. the sound hum ([especially] expressive of menace or contempt etc.; also applied to the trumpeting of an elephant, to the roaring or grunting etc. of other animals, to the twang of a bow etc.), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.
3) Huṃkārā (हुंकारा):—[=huṃ-kārā] [from huṃ-kāra > huṃ > hum] f. Name of a Yoginī, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
4) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार):—[=hūṃ-kāra] hūṃ-kṛti See under hum, [column]2.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार):—[hu-ṅkāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Bellowing, roaring; menacing.
2) Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार):—[hū-ṅkāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Roaring; pronouncing hum.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Huṃkāra.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryHuṃkāra (हुंकार) [Also spelled hunkar]:—(nm) roaring, bellowing; loud sound produced by a man to express menacing disposition or readiness to fight/strike; —[bharanā] to roar, to bellow; to express resolution to fight; to give a call for a fight.
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Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryHuṃkāra (हुंकार) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Huṅkāra.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusHuṃkāra (ಹುಂಕಾರ):—[noun] the sound 'ಹುಂ [hum]', made to express one’s anger, contempt, disagreement, etc.
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Hūṃkāra (ಹೂಂಕಾರ):—[noun] a heavy, indistinctive sound made from anger, disappointment, dissent, etc.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryHuṅkāra (हुङ्कार):—n. 1. threatening shout or cry; 2. challenge; 3. a roar; bellow; grunt; 4. twang of a bow;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Hum, Hun, Ka, Kaara, Ra, Kara.
Starts with: Humkaragarbha, Humkaramgey, Humkarane, Humkaratantra, Humkaratirtha.
Ends with: Humhumkara, Kuhumkara, Phumkara, Phunkara, Vajrahumkara.
Full-text (+27): Humkriti, Humkaratirtha, Humkaragarbha, Vajrahumkara, hum mdzad, Vaidyapada, Viryapada, sman zhabs, Hunkar, Humhumkarapara, bhi rgya pa, bir ya pa, bha wa pa, Humhumkarapriya, Humkari, Humkrita, Humhumkara, Hunkaram, Ukkaram, Humkarane.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Humkara, Huṅkāra, Hūṃ-kāra, Hum-kāra, Huṃkāra, Huṃkārā, Hūṃkāra, Huṃ-kārā, Hum ka ra, Hūṅkāra, Hum-kara, Hun-kara, Huṅkārā, Hūṅ-kāra, Huṃ-kāra, Hunkara; (plurals include: Humkaras, Huṅkāras, kāras, Huṃkāras, Huṃkārās, Hūṃkāras, kārās, Hum ka ras, Hūṅkāras, karas, Huṅkārās, Hunkaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation) (by Swami Lokeswarananda)
Verse 1.13.3 < [Section 1.13]
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Verse 5.8.38 < [Chapter 8 - The Killing of Kaṃsa]
Verse 8.13.129 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Lalitopakhyana (Lalita Mahatmya) (by G.V. Tagare)
Chapter 16 - March of Victory along with the army
Chapter 27 - The exploits of Gaṇanātha
The gods of northern Buddhism (by Alice Getty)
Chandogya Upanishad (Madhva commentary) (by Srisa Chandra Vasu)
Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres) (by Arthur Avalon)
Verse 50 < [Section 8]