Humkara, Huṅkāra, Huṃkāra, Hūṃkāra, Hūṅkāra, Hunkara, Hum-kara: 22 definitions

Introduction:

Humkara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Hunkar.

In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार) refers to one of the thirty-three alaṃkāras (embellishments), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. It can also be spelled as Huṃkāra. These alaṃkāras, or, ‘embellishments of song’, depend upon the four types of varṇas, which refers to a specific order of musical notes (svara). They are attached to the songs of seven forms, although not generally used in the dhruvās.

According to the Nāṭyaśāstra, “huṃkāra ascending as in the hasita, at least two or at most four notes in each kalā”.

Natyashastra book cover
context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Huṃkāra (हुंकार) refers to one of the eight Heroes (vīra-aṣṭaka) associated with Nādapīṭha (identified with Kulūta), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The eight Heroes (vīrāṣṭaka): Vīreśa, Sumaṅgala, Mahājaṅgala, Huṃkāra, Suśānti, Parama, Prabodha, Praśānta.

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)

1) Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार) or Hūṅkāratantra refers to one of the twenty Bhūtatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Hūṅkāra-tantra belonging to the Bhūta class.

2) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) or Hūṃkāratantra also refers to one of the twenty-eight Gāruḍatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama division.

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): (Shaivism)

Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to the “syllable Hūm” and is associated with the Śivapraṇava, according to the Vijñānabhairavatantra (39).—Accordingly, “The vedic Praṇava is the syllable Om; the Śaiva Praṇava is the syllable Hūm (hūṃkāra) and the Māyā Praṇava is the syllable Hrīm; many such methods are taught in the Tantras”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to the “letter hūṃ”, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “In front, above that, (arising from) the letter Yaṃ, is an air mandala, Above that, (arising from) the letter Raṃ, is a fire mandala, (and) above (that) a triangle marked red Ra, three shaved heads, and a lotus vessel, Behold the five ambrosia and five lamps, distributed, etc., therein, Arising from the letters Buṃ Āṃ Jiṃ Khaṃ Hūṃ Lāṃ Māṃ Pāṃ Tāṃ Vaṃ [e.g., tatra bhaktādikaṃ ... hūṃ ... kārajātaṃ]”.

Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes

Hūṃkāra (हूंकार) refers to “the letter hūṃ”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while describing the Merit Circle (guṇacakra)]: “[...]  [The Yoginīs’] mantras, [which involve] recitations of [their] individual names, are stated to begin with the letter oṃ. The letters hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ [e.g., hūṃkāra] are [recited] exactly at the end. He should make [mantras of all Yoginīs] on all circles [in this manner] [...]”.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Humkara in Pali glossary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

huṅkāra : (m.) the sound "hum."

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

huṃkāra (हुँकार).—m (huṃ or hūṃ Grunt of assent, and kāra Affix.) The uttering of hūṃ (sound intimating consent or acquiescence) in reply to a questioner, or in acknowledgment of approbation or attention to a person relating a story: also the hūṃ so uttered.

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huṃkārā (हुँकारा).—m (hūṃ & kāra Affix.) The uttering, from time to time, of the sound hūṃ by the hearers of a narration, in expression of their clear apprehension, fixed attention &c. v .

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m (S) The uttering of the sound hūṃ in intimidation or angry repression of: also the sound hūṃ as uttered. Ex. ṛṣīnēṃ huṃ0 ṭākalā tara bhasma hōśīla.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m The uttering of huṃ sound intimat- ing consent in reply to a questioner.

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huṅkāra (हुंकार).—m The uttering of the sound huṃ in intimidation or angry repression of.

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huṅkārā (हुंकारा).—m The uttering, from time to time, of the sound huṃ by hearers of a narration.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Huṃkāra (हुंकार).—f.

1) uttering the sound 'hum'; पृष्टा पुनः पुनः कान्ता हुंकारैरेव भाषते (pṛṣṭā punaḥ punaḥ kāntā huṃkāraireva bhāṣate).

2) a menacing sound, sound of defiance; क्षतहुंकारशंसिनः (kṣatahuṃkāraśaṃsinaḥ) Kumārasambhava 2.26; हुंकारेणेव धनुषः स हि विघ्नानपोहति (huṃkāreṇeva dhanuṣaḥ sa hi vighnānapohati) Ś.3.1; R.7.58; Kumārasambhava 5.54.

3) roaring, bellowing in general.

4) the grunting of a boar.

5) the twang of a bow.

Derivable forms: huṃkāraḥ (हुंकारः).

Huṃkāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms hum and kāra (कार). See also (synonyms): huṃkṛti.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार).—m.

(-raḥ) Uttering a menacing sound, roaring, bellowing. E. huna, and kāra making; also similar compounds, as huṅkṛti, huṅkṛta, &c.

Huṅkāra can also be spelled as Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार).

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Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार).—m.

(-raḥ) 1. Uttering the sound “Hum.” 2. Uttering a menacing sound, roaring: see huṅkāra. E. hūm, kāra making.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Huṃkāra (हुंकार).—i. e. hum (an imitative sound), -kāra, m. 1. Uttering a menacing sound, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 345. 2. Roaring, bellowing, [Pañcatantra] 162, 25 (of an elephant). 3. Twang (of a bow), [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 52.

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Hūṃkāra (हूंकार).—i. e. hūm-kāra, 1. Uttering the sound hūm, [Devīmāhātmya, (ed. Poley.)] 6, 9; as injury, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 204. 2. Roaring, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 4, 24.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Huṃkāra (हुंकार).—[masculine] the sound hum (v. hum).

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Hūṃkāra (हूंकार).—[masculine] = huṃkṛ & huṃkāra.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Huṃkāra (हुंकार):—[=huṃ-kāra] a huṃ-kṛta etc. See hum.

2) [=huṃ-kāra] [from huṃ > hum] b m. the sound hum ([especially] expressive of menace or contempt etc.; also applied to the trumpeting of an elephant, to the roaring or grunting etc. of other animals, to the twang of a bow etc.), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.

3) Huṃkārā (हुंकारा):—[=huṃ-kārā] [from huṃ-kāra > huṃ > hum] f. Name of a Yoginī, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]

4) Hūṃkāra (हूंकार):—[=hūṃ-kāra] hūṃ-kṛti See under hum, [column]2.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार):—[hu-ṅkāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Bellowing, roaring; menacing.

2) Hūṅkāra (हूङ्कार):—[hū-ṅkāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Roaring; pronouncing hum.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Huṅkāra (हुङ्कार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Huṃkāra.

[Sanskrit to German]

Humkara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Humkara in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Huṃkāra (हुंकार) [Also spelled hunkar]:—(nm) roaring, bellowing; loud sound produced by a man to express menacing disposition or readiness to fight/strike; —[bharanā] to roar, to bellow; to express resolution to fight; to give a call for a fight.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Huṃkāra (हुंकार) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Huṅkāra.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Huṃkāra (ಹುಂಕಾರ):—[noun] the sound 'ಹುಂ [hum]', made to express one’s anger, contempt, disagreement, etc.

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Hūṃkāra (ಹೂಂಕಾರ):—[noun] a heavy, indistinctive sound made from anger, disappointment, dissent, etc.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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