Grahaka, Grāhaka: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Grahaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Grahak.
In Hinduism
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Grāhaka (ग्राहक).—The eclipsing body; the eclipser. Note: Grāhaka is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) is another name for Śitāvarī, an unidentified medicinal plant, according to verse 4.50-52 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Note: Dr. J.K. Ojhā identifies Śitāvarī as Celosia argentea Linn (“plumed cockscomb”; of the Amaranthaceae family) while the commentator of the Rājanighaṇṭu identifies it with Blepharis edulis Pers (“uttanjan”; from the Acanthaceae family); both are quite apart from each other. Together with the names Grāhaka and Śitāvarī, there are a total of fifteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaiva philosophy
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) refers to the “apprehending subject”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.131:—“[...] For the former [i.e., Ṣaḍdhātusamīkṣā] acknowledge that ordinary human practice is accounted for if this much [is admitted]: the five elements and consciousness, because such other [things as] the sense organs are included in these; whereas the latter admit that the ordinary human practice [consisting in the relationship between] an apprehending [subject] (grāhaka) and an apprehended [object] is accounted for if a particular transformation called ‘consciousness’ arises in the four elements from [some of their] various combinations, and if this transformation does not arise [from other combinations of the four elements]”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) refers to the “grasped” (i.e., ‘the subject-object duality’), according to the Nāmamantrārthāvalokinī by Vilāsavajra, which is a commentary on the Nāmasaṃgīti.—Accordingly, [while describing Mahāvairocana]—“And then [the Sādhaka should visualise] Mahāvairocana on the principal seat, generated by means of the syllable āḥ. [Why has he four faces?] Since consciousness—which is of the nature of the Dharma-Sphere since, by its nature, it lacks such forms as the grasped (grāhaka) [i.e., the subject-object duality]—is four-faced. [This is] because the four liberation faces [/doors]—emptiness and the rest—are the cause of the origination of all meditative concentrations, [and this in turn is] because their ground is the Dharma-Sphere. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) refers to the “perceiving subject” (e.g., in discussing the relation of “perceived object” and “perceiving subject”), according to the Tattvaratnāvalī (“a jewel garland of true reality”)—the title of one of the 26 texts revolving around the theme of amanasikāra (“non-conceptual realization”) ascribed to Maitrīpa (c. 986–1063)—an influential late Indian Buddhist master who helped bring Mahāsiddha-style Mahāmudrā teachings into a monastic Mahāyāna scholastic setting.—Accordingly, [while describing the philosophy of the Mahāyāna and its division of Pāramitānaya according to Yogācāra and its doctrine of Sākāravāda]: “[...] [The mind on its own] bears mental forms, is free from [any] relation of perceived object (grāhya) and perceiving subject (grāhaka), and clearly displays [everything]. This is also stated [in the Daśabhūmikasūtra]: ‘Oh, you sons of the victorious one! This threefold world is mind only’. Likewise, see Dharmakīrti [in Pramāṇavārttika, III.432]: [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Biology (plants and animals)
Grahaka in India is the name of a plant defined with Blepharis ciliaris in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Acanthus edulis Forssk. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (1956)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891)
· Flora Indica (1768)
· Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica (1775)
· Synopseos Plantarum (Persoon) (1806)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Grahaka, for example diet and recipes, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, extract dosage, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
grāhaka (ग्राहक) [or ग्राही, grāhī].—a (S) corruptly grāhīka a That takes, receives, seizes. 2 fig. One that can duly estimate or appreciate.
grāhaka (ग्राहक).—a That receives. One that can duly appreciate. Purchaser.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Grahaka (ग्रहक).—A prisoner.
Derivable forms: grahakaḥ (ग्रहकः).
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ग्राहक).—a. (hikā f.) [ग्रह् ण्वुल् (grah ṇvul)]
1) One who receives, takes &c.
2) Captivating, persuading; हेतुमद्- ग्राहकम् (hetumad- grāhakam) (vākyam) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.113.7.
-kaḥ 1 A hawk, falcon.
2) A curer of poison.
3) A purchaser.
4) A policeofficer.
Grāhaka (ग्राहक).—mfn.
(-kaḥ-kī-kaṃ) One who takes or seizes, one who accepts or receives. m.
(-kaḥ) 1. A hawk, a falcon. 2. A police officer, a constable, a bailiff. E. grah to take, ṇic ṇvul aff.
Grāhaka (ग्राहक).—i. e. grah + aka, I. adj. 1. Apprehending, Mahābhārata 3, 13932. 2. Convincing, [Rāmāyaṇa] 4, 38, 18. m. 1. A purchaser, [Pañcatantra] 7, 16. 2. A policeman, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 266.
Grāhaka (ग्राहक).—[feminine] hikā taking, receiving, containing, enclosing; perceiving, observing; [masculine] seizer, catcher, receiver, buyer, observer.
1) Grahaka (ग्रहक):—[from grah] m. a prisoner, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—[from grah] mf(ikā)n. one who seizes or takes captive, [Yājñavalkya ii, 266]
3) [v.s. ...] one who seizes (the sun or moon), who eclipses, [Sūryasiddhānta iv, vi]
4) [v.s. ...] one who receives or accepts, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi i, 7]
5) [v.s. ...] a purchaser, [Pañcatantra; Kathāsaritsāgara lxi; Tantrasāra]
6) [v.s. ...] containing, including, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa [Scholiast or Commentator] on Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya] and, [Kapila’s Sāṃkhya-pravacana i, 40]
7) [v.s. ...] perceiving, perceiver, (in [philosophy]) subject, [Mahābhārata iii, 13932; Kapila’s Sāṃkhya-pravacana v, 98 and vi, 4; Sāṃkhyakārikā 27 [Scholiast or Commentator]; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
8) [v.s. ...] captivating, persuading, [Mahābhārata xii, 4202; Rāmāyaṇa]
9) [v.s. ...] m. a hawk, falcon (catching snakes), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] Marsilea quadrifolia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] Name of a demon causing diseases, [Harivaṃśa 9561]
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. A hawk, a falcon. a. One who takes or seizes.
Grahaka (ग्रहक):—(von graha) m. ein Gefangener [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 806.] — Vgl. grāhaka .
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—(wie eben)
1) adj. subst. a) Häscher: grāhakairgṛhyate cauraḥ [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 266.] — b) entgegennehmend, empfangend, Empfänger: adhamarṇo grāhakaḥ syāduttamarṇastu dāyakaḥ [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 882.] [Amarakoṣa 2, 9, 5.] = grahītar [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 36.] = dhānyānāṃ grahītā [Medinīkoṣa k. 82.] — c) Abnehmer, Käufer [Pañcatantra 7, 16. 1, 171.] — d) in sich begreifend, in sich schliessend [Scholiast] zu [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 1, 4, 23.] [Scholiast] zu [Kapila 1, 40.] [Sāhityadarpana 30, 1.] — e) auffassend, wahrnehmend: yathāsvaṃ grāhakāṇyeṣāṃ śabdādīnāmimāni tu . indriyāṇi [Mahābhārata 3, 13932.] indriyaṃ gandhagrāhakaṃ ghrāṇam [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 6, 16, Nalopākhyāna 1. 7, 311, Nalopākhyāna 1.] [GAUḌAP.] zu [SĀṂKHYAK. 27.] — f) mit sich fortziehend, überzeugend: vākya [Mahābhārata 12, 4202.] [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 38, 18. 5, 1, 57. 6, 38, 36.] —
2) m. a) Schlangenfänger [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] — b) Falke [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Hārāvalī 86.] [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] — c) eine best. Gemüsepflanze (sitāvara) [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — d) Nomen proprium eines Wesens im Gefolge von Śiva [VYĀḌI] zu [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 210]; vgl. [Harivaṃśa] [LANGL. I, 513.]
--- OR ---
Grahaka (ग्रहक):—[Halāyudha 4, 74.]
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—
1) b) f. grāhikā Bez. einer der drei vali, welche den Unrath aus dem Körper führen, [Śārṅgadhara SAṂH. 1, 6, 5.] — c) [Kathāsaritsāgara 61,30.] [Oxforder Handschriften 93,b, Nalopākhyāna 1.] — e) der Wahrnehmende, das Subject [SARVADARŚANAS. 16, 10. fg. 17, 2. 6. 8. 26, 16. 111, 2.] — Vgl. garbhagrāhikā .
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—m. der verfinsternde Himmelskörper [Sūryasiddhānta 4, 12. 22. 6, 3. 11. 16. fgg. 21.]
Grahaka (ग्रहक):——
1) *m. Gefangener. —
2) f. grahikā das Anfassen , Sichhalten an.
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):——
1) Adj. Subst. (f. grāhikā) — a) Fänger , Häscher. — b) entgegennehmend , empfangend , Empfänger [Hemādri’s Caturvargacintāmaṇi 1,424,9.429,11.] vali f. eine best. Falte , welche den Unrath aus dem Körper führt. — c) Abnehmer , Käufer. — d) in sich begreifend , — schliessend. — e) auffassend , wahrnehmend , der Wahrnehmende , das Subject [The Sankhya Philosophy 5,98,6,4.] — f) mit sich fortziehend , überzeugend. —
2) m. — a) *Schlangenfänger. — b) *Falke. — c) der verfinsternde Himmelskörper. — d) *Marsilea quadrifolia [Rājan 4,51.] — e) Nomen proprium eines Krankheitsdämons [Harivaṃśa 9561.]
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Gāhaga, Gāhaka.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Grāhaka (ग्राहक) [Also spelled grahak]:—(nm) a customer, client; -[varga] clientele; —[ṭūṭanā] a customer to be veered away/to be alienated.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Grāhaka (ಗ್ರಾಹಕ):—
1) [adjective] holding; catching, seizing.
2) [adjective] receiving; taking.
3) [adjective] including within or enveloping.
--- OR ---
Grāhaka (ಗ್ರಾಹಕ):—
1) [noun] a man who receives or can receive; a receiver.
2) [noun] he who seizes, as a police officer.
3) [noun] a man who comprehends, understands.
4) [noun] a thing that receives, as an apparatus or device that converts incoming electromagnetic waves or electrical signals into audible or visual signals, such as a radio or television receiving set or that part of a telephone which is held to the ear; a receiver.
5) [noun] a man who buys goods or services from a shop or business; a customer.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Grāhaka (ग्राहक):—n. buyer; customer; purchaser;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Grahakabija, Grahakacittabhava, Grahakakrikara, Grahakalaha, Grahakallola, Grahakalpa, Grahakalpataru, Grahakalpavalli, Grahakanda, Grahakardha, Grahakashakti, Grahakatva, Grahakaumudi, Grahakaustubha, Grahakautuhalodaharana, Grahakautuka, Grahakavarg, Grahakavarga, Grahakavihamga.
Full-text (+39): Pratigrahaka, Samgrahaka, Anugrahaka, Parigrahaka, Grahakatva, Gunagrahaka, Rasagrahaka, Shaktigrahaka, Grahakakrikara, Shulkagrahaka, Gandhagrahaka, Grahakavihamga, Panigrahaka, Hastagrahaka, Nigrahaka, Snayukosha-grahaka, Shastragrahaka, Hridayagrahaka, Grahakashakti, Arthagrahaka.
Relevant text
Search found 36 books and stories containing Grahaka, Grāhaka; (plurals include: Grahakas, Grāhakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature (by Sulekha Biswas)
3. The Scope of Ratna-shastra (Gemmology) < [Chapter 7 - A millennium of Ratnashastra (gemmology) literature in India]
Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
Reverberations of Dharmakirti’s Philosophy (by Birgit Kellner)
Śāntarakṣita on Two Kinds of Arguments for Self-Awareness
Explanation of pramāṇa and pramāṇaphala
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 4 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 3 - Tarka (ratiocination) < [Chapter XXVIII - Madhva Logic]
Part 3 - Svataḥ-prāmāṇya (self-validity of knowledge) < [Chapter XXVII - A General Review of the Philosophy of Madhva]
Part 4 - Concomitance (vyāpti) < [Chapter XXVIII - Madhva Logic]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 2 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 24 - Rāmādvaya (a.d. 1300) < [Chapter XI - The Śaṅkara School of Vedānta (continued)]
Part 2 - Thought and its Object in Buddhism and in Vedānta < [Chapter XI - The Śaṅkara School of Vedānta (continued)]
Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala (study) (by Shri N. M. Kansara)
22. Description of Domesticated parrots < [Chapter 12 - Cultural Data]
21. Description of Mouth-perfumes (Mukha-vasa) < [Chapter 12 - Cultural Data]