Ghanta, Ghamta, Ghaṇṭā, Ghaṇṭa, Ghanṭā, Ghanṭa: 51 definitions
Introduction:
Ghanta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा)—One of the Heavenly ornaments according to the Vāyu Purāṇa. (It is not certain whether it was an ornament) Śiva is often associated with its use. He loved a garland of bells. He is called ghaṇṭā-priya and ghaṇṭīka.
1) Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).—A brahmin born in Vasiṣṭha’s family. He spent hundred years worshipping Śiva. Once Ghaṇṭa asked sage Devala to give his daughter in marriage to him. But Ghaṇṭa’s ugliness stood in the way. So he abducted the daughter of the sage and married her. Enraged at this Devala cursed and turned him into an owl. He was also given redemption from the curse that he would regain his form the day he helped Indradyumna. (Skanda Purāṇa).
2) Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).—See under Ghaṇṭākarṇa.
1a) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to the “tinkling bells” (of the Chariot), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.8 (“The detailed description of the chariot etc.”).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra narrated to Vyāsa: “The divine chariot of lord Śiva consisting of all the worlds was built by Viśvakarman with devoted effort. [...] The forceful and excellent mantras with their syllables and feet, of all characteristic features and the stages in life constituted the tinkling bells (ghaṇṭā) [maṃtrā ghaṃṭāḥ smṛtāsteṣāṃ varṇapādāstadāśramāḥ]. Ananta embellished with thousand hoods constituted its fittings. and the main and subsidiary quarters, the pedestals of the chariot. [...]”
1b) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) also refers to the “bells (of the bow)” (of the charioteer), according to the same chapter.—Accordingly: “[...] Goddess Sarasvatī in the form of the Vedas constituted the bells of the bow [ghaṃṭā sarasvatī devī dhanuṣaḥ śrutirūpiṇī]. The brilliant Viṣṇu became the arrow and Agni the spear-head. [...]”
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा, “shining, splendid”):—Name of one of the sixty-four mātṛs to be worshipped during Āvaraṇapūjā (“Worship of the Circuit of Goddesses”, or “Durgā’s Retinue”), according to the Durgāpūjātattva. They should be worshipped with either the five upācāras or perfume and flowers.
Her mantra is as follows:
ॐ घण्टायै नमः
oṃ ghaṇṭāyai namaḥ.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to the “bell” and as one of the weapons (attributes) of Goddess Kubjikā symbolizes “the arising of correct knowledge of mantra”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “(Now) I will tell (you about) the great weapons of that (goddess) Kubjikā. [...] A correct knowledge of mantra arises by means of the bell [i.e., ghaṇṭā] and a correct understanding of the scriptures from the book. Control (of others is acquired) by means of the bow and the great accomplishment of (all) the weapons in the Mahāmata by means of the skull”.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) is the name of a Mātṛkā-Śakti created by Mahārudra in order to control the plague of demons created by Andhakāsura.—Accordingly, Andhaka-Asura tried to kidnap Umā (Devī Pārvatī), and was fiercely attacked by Mahārudra who shot arrows at him from his mahāpināka. when the arrows pierced the body of Andhakāsura, drops of blood fell to earth and from those drops, thousands of Andhakas arose. To control this plague of demons, Mahārudra created Mātṛkā-Śaktis [viz., Ghaṇṭā] and ordered them to drink the blood of the demons and drain them dry.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to one of the various Mātṛkā-Śaktis created by Rudra in order to destroy the clones that spawned from Andhaka’s body.—Accordingly, [...] Andhakāsura attempted to abduct Girājanandinī (Pārvatī) and thus ensued a fierce battle between Andhakāsura and the great Rudra, the Lord of Umā. Like raktabīja, every drop of blood that fell from the body of Andhaka created another Asura like him and in no time, the entire world was filled with Andhakas. To destroy the growing number of Andhakas, Rudra created innumerable Mātṛkā-Śaktis [viz., Ghaṇṭā]. These Śaktis of immense power at once began to drink every drop of blood that flowed from the body of Andhaka, but they could still not effectively contain the emergence of more and more demons.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा):—Sanskrit name of one of the thirty-two female deities of the Somamaṇḍala (second maṇḍala of the Khecarīcakra) according to the kubjikāmata-tantra. These goddesses are situated on a ring of sixteen petals and represent the thirty-two syllables of the Aghoramantra. Each deity (including Ghaṇṭā) is small, plump and large-bellied. They can assume any form at will, have sixteen arms each, and are all mounted on a different animal.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट) refers to one of the ten kinds of sounds (śabda) according to the Matsyendrasaṃhitā.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 11.1-24ab, while describing the appearance and worship of Tumburu]—“[...] The Devīs are white, red, yellow, and black, four-faced, four armed, three eyed, and in [their] hands bear golden hatchets, sticks and rosaries. [...] Ajitā [is yellow, like] the calyx of a lotus. Four-faced and four-armed, [she] bears a spear and a bell (śākti-ghaṇṭā-dharā) and rests on a flat hide. [...] [When one] worships and meditates on [the Devīs, as they] stand in the cardinal directions, [the Devīs grant the practitioner] the fruits of siddhi. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Ghaṇṭā (or, the bell) is another musical instrument, which is generally found in the hands of Vīrabhadra and Kālī.
Ghaṇṭā (Bell) - Impermanence. The phenomenal world which is impermanent and evanescent. Creation of the transient universe through sound — being perceived but not held and kept.
1) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा, “bell”) refers to a type of musical instrument, representing one of the several “attributes” (āyudha) or “accessories” of a detiy commonly seen depicted in Hindu iconography, defined according to texts dealing with śilpa (arts and crafs), known as śilpaśāstras.—Ghaṇṭā or the bell is another musical instrument, which is generally found in the hands of Vīrabhadra and Kālī.
2) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) is the name of a Ḍākinī who, together with the Vīra (hero) named Ghaṇṭa forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Ākāśacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the ākāśacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs [viz., Ghaṇṭā] and Vīras are dark blue in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife. Alternatively, the Ḍākinīs have their own marks and motions according to the taste instead of a small drum and a skull staff.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Kavya (poetry)
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट) is the name of a Dānava, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 121. Accordingly, “... long ago there came to impede Prajāpati, in his creation of creatures, two terrible Dānavas, named Ghaṇṭa and Nighaṇṭa, invincible even by gods. And the Creator, being desirous of destroying them, created these two maidens, the splendour of whose measureless beauty seemed capable of maddening the world”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Ghaṇṭa, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 224).—Accordingly, “[From afar] Candrāpīḍa first sees a ‘crimson ensign’, inscribing the sky with a gold trident, from which swung a terrifying bell (ghora-ghaṇṭā) making a raucous clanging that dangled down from an iron chain attached to the tip, arranged with a yak-tail whisk as splendid as a lion’s mane”.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) is another name for Atibalā, a medicinal plant identified with Abutilon indicum Linn. (“Indian mallow”) from the Malvaceae or mallows family of flowering plants, according to verse 4.101-102 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Together with the names Ghaṇṭā and Atibalā, there are a total of ten Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a musical instrument classified as Ghana (“those instruments which are made with some solid metals”) which represents one of the four kinds of Instrumental Music, produced by an instrument (ātodya), according to the Saṃgītaratnākara.—It can be said that as the word ghana denotes compactor solid, this kind of Music instruments are made with some solid metals. According to the Saṃgītaratnākara, the ghana kind of instruments [e.g., ghaṇṭā] make sound when they strike together.
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
1) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to “bells” (used in worship together with burning incense), as discussed in chapter 34 of the Pauṣkarasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text of almost 5900 verses divided into forty-three chapters presented as a frame-work dialogue between Pauṣkara and Bhagavān dealing with the esoteric meaning of maṇḍala-designs, worship routines and temple-building.—Description of the chapter [dhūpa-ghaṇṭā-lakṣaṇa]: Any place where worship is to be undertaken can be purified and cleansed best by means of burning incense (dhūpa) and ringing a bell (ghaṇṭā) (1-12). [...] Moreover, when the incense (dhūpa) is thus burned and waved, the bell (ghaṇṭā) should be simultaneously sounded (57-89).
2) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) or “bell” refers to one of the Upakaraṇas (materials for worship), as discussed in chapter 23 (Kriyāpāda) of the Padmasaṃhitā: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter—jñāna, yoga, kriyā and caryā) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [pūjā-upakaraṇa-lakṣaṇa-vidhi]: Bhagavān says he will now describe and explain the utensils and instruments needed for worship (in the temple). [e.g., ghaṇṭā] [...] Then the pedestals for abhiṣeka, for decorating the deity, for the idol to take food on, and for processions are described (41-54). [...]
3) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “ bell” representing one of the various upakaraṇa (instruments used in liturgical worship), as discussed in chapter 11 of the Mārkaṇḍeyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2200 Sanskrit verses mainly dealing with temple-building, iconography, pūjā (worship procedures), utsava (festivities) and prāyaścitta (expiatory measures).—Description of chapter [ārādhana-upakaraṇa]: In this chapter the various paraphernalia used in worship are described and discussed: [e.g., the ghaṇṭā-bell (16a2-22a)] [...] Also, pālikā-type pedestals, their dimensions and installation, etc., are treated (52b- 67, 86-90a). [...]
4) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to one of the “instruments needed for pūjā”, as discussed in chapter 15 of the Śrīpraśnasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 5500 Sanskrit verses covering a number of subjects ranging from selecting a temple site through building and furnishing it to sanctifying and maintaining worship in the sacred complex.—Description of the chapter [parivāra-ādi-pūjopakaraṇa-antakalpa]: [...] Turning to the instruments needed for pūjā, various ones are singled out for special descriptive treatment: [e.g., ghaṇṭā (22-25)] [...]. The yatra-conveyances are also described (58b-60, 63-66a), as well as some musical instruments (66b-67a).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
1a) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to one of the “Forty-two Peaceful Deities” (Tibetan: zhi ba'i lha zhe gnyis) according to various sources such as the Guhyagarbha Tantra and the Tibetan Book of the Dead.—They feature in Tantric teachings and practices which focus on purifying elements of the body and mind. These deities [e.g., Ghaṇṭā] form part part of the the Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities who manifest to a deceased person following the dissolution of the body and consciousness whilst they are in the intermediate state (bardo) between death and rebirth.
Ghaṇṭā is also known as Jambukāsyā. She is known in Tibetan as: (1) dril bu ma or (2) spyang gdong ma. She is the consort of Amṛtakuṇḍalī and is part of the “Four Female Gatekeepers”.
1b) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to one of the “Fifty-eight Wrathful Deities” (Tibetan: khro bo lha nga brgyad).—Ghaṇṭā is part of the “four female gatekeepers” and is also known in Tibetan as (1) dril bu ma (2) spyang gdong ma.
2) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) is the name of Dūtī (i.e., messengers of Lord Vajrapāṇi) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Ghaṇṭā).
1) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell” and represents one of the items held in the left hand of Heruka: one of the main deities of the Herukamaṇḍala described in the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Heruka is positioned in the Lotus (padma) at the center; He is the origin of all heroes; He has 17 faces (with three eyes on each) and 76 arms [holding, for example, ghaṇṭā]; He is half black and half green in color; He is dancing on a flaming sun placed on Bhairava and Kālarātrī.
2) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) is the name of a Ḍākinī who, together with the Vīra (hero) named Ghaṇṭa forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Ākāśacakra, according to the same work. Accordingly, the ākāśacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs [viz., Ghaṇṭā] and Vīras are dark blue in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife. Alternatively, the Ḍākinīs have their own marks and motions according to the taste instead of a small drum and a skull staff.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट) refers to a “bell”, according to the Bhūśalyasūtrapātananimittavidhi section of Jagaddarpaṇa’s Ācāryakriyāsamuccaya, a text within Tantric Buddhism dealing with construction manual for monasteries etc.—Accordingly, “[...] Having praised [the cord] with the sounds of a bell (ghaṇṭa), auspicious song, conch shell, and bamboo flute, the donor should offer guest water [to the cord] together with jewels, gold, and fragrant flowers, which are blooming and beautiful, and mixed with the juice extracted from the sprouts of the airandhrīkara”.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to one of the attributes used to describe Cakrasaṃvara, according to the Saṃvaramaṇḍala of Abhayākaragupta’s Niṣpannayogāvalī, p. 45 and n. 145; (Cf. Cakrasaṃvaratantra, Gray, David B., 2007).—Accordingly, [while describing the iconography of Cakrasaṃvara]: “In the Saṃvara Maṇḍala atop Mount Sumera within a vajra-canopy there is a variegated lotus, on top of that a palace, in the middle of which is the Blessed Lord, standing in ālīḍhāsana, "archer's pose", [...] possessing a vyāghracarma, "tiger skin" and twelve arms, the foremost arms holding a vajra and ghaṇṭā, embracing Vajravārāhī, the uppermost arms holding a gajacarman, "elephant skin", [...]”.
Note: The vajra and ghaṇṭā symbolizes mastering the skill (upāya) of wielding emptiness (śūnyatā).
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell” (i.e., one of the attributes held in the hands of a deity), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, “[...] [He (The Causal Vajra-holder)] stands in the ālīḍha posture with the feet placed on both Hara and Gaurī [He holds] (1) a vajra and (2) a bell (ghaṇṭā), (3)(4) an elephant’s skin, (5) a drum, (6) a knife, (7) an axe, (8) a trident, (9) a skull staff, (10) a pot, (11) a noose, and (12) a hairless head in the left and right [hands]. [...]”.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell” and represents one of the attributes of Raktapāṇi or Rigden Rinchenchag—one of the Twenty-five Kulikas as well as one of the traditional Shambhala rulers.—His attributes are a Vajra and bell (Sanskrit: ghaṇṭā, Tibetan: drilbu [dril bu]).—Rigden Namgyal is known in Tibetan (wylie) as rigs ldan rin chen phyag; and in Sanskrit as: Kulika Ratnapāṇi.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) or “bell” also represents one of the attributes of: (1) Siṃha or Rigden Sengge; (2) Anantavijaya or Rigden Thaye Namgyal.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा) refers to a “bell” (suitable for an offering ritual), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [as the Bhagavān teaches the offering of the root spell], “[...] A bell (ghaṇṭā) should be fixed at the top of the jars. Nalada, sarja-resin, olibanum, nakha, nāgapuṣpa and white mustard should be joined with candied sugar. These should be enchanted with the mantra 108 times. Incense should be offered by that. This incense should be used everywhere. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
India history and geography
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट) or Ghaṇṭapā is another name for Ghaṭāpā: one of the eighty-four Siddhas (Siddhācāryas) of the Sahajayāna school, according to sources such as the Varṇaratnākara of Jyotirīśvara (i.e., the Varna-Ratnakara by Jyotirishwar Thakur).—The Sahaja-Yana is a philosophical and esoteric movement of Tantric Buddhism which had enormous influence in the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayas.—Many of these Mahāsiddhas [e.g., Ghaṇṭa-pā] were historical figures whose lives and mystical powers were the subject of legends. They are often associated with teachings belonging to Hinduism, Buddhism, Ajivikism and Jainism such as the Nath Tradition.
Ghaṃṭā (घंटा) refers to one of the various shops or “market places” (Sanskrit: Haṭṭa, Prakrit: Cauhaṭṭa) for a medieval town in ancient India, which were vividly depicted in Kathās (narrative poems), for example, by Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā.—The Kuvalayamala (779 A.D.) is full of cultural material which gains in value because of the firm date of its composition. [...] In the Kuvalayamālā, some names of shops according to articles displayed in them is given, [i.e., ghaṃṭā] [...] Thus Uddyotana has in his view a complete form of a medieval market place with the number of lines full of different commodities.
Ghanta refers to: “Bell”.—It is included in the glossary section of the study dealing with the Temples and Cult of Shri Rama in Tamil-Nadu, with reference to the traditional lore, embodied in, for example the Nalayirativvaiyappirapantam (i.e., Nalayira Divyaprabandham).
Ghanta refers to an “iron bell” and represents a traditional musical instrument of the Santals, one of the populous tribal communities of India, are mainly found in the districts of Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Balasore in the State of Odisha.—[Regarding their music and dance]: Like other tribes Dance (enej) and music (sereng) are integral part of the Santal life. They dance and sing when they are in happy mood as they love it very much and these are always associated with their festivals and rituals which are always a community affair. [...] Various dances such as Kalasi dance, Danta dance, Rinja dance, Baha dance, Jachur dance, etc. are during different festive occasions. [...] Traditionally, the Santal dance is performed with the tune of beating of drums and blowing of the flutes. The musical instruments such as tamak, dhol, bhuang, tumdah, tiriau banam (one stringed fiddle), ghanta (iron bell), and singa (horn trumpet), sarangi are used during dance.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Ghanta in India is the name of a plant defined with Abutilon guineense in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Abutilon indicum var. guineense (Schumach. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afhandlinger (1829)
· Journal of Botany, British and Foreign (1936)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Acta Botanica Yunnanica (1982)
· Flora of China (1955)
· Blumea (1966)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Ghanta, for example pregnancy safety, side effects, diet and recipes, chemical composition, extract dosage, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
ghaṇṭā : (f.) a bell.
Ghaṇṭā, (f.) a small bell (cp. kiṅkanikā) J.IV, 215; VvA.36, 37, 279 (khuddaka°). As ghaṇṭī at Vism.181. (Page 256)
1) ghaṇṭa (ဃဏ္ဋ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[ghaṭi+ta]
[ဃဋိ+တ]
2) ghaṇṭā (ဃဏ္ဋာ) [(thī) (ထီ)]—
[ghaṭi+ta+ā．hana+ta+ā．daṇḍādinā haññate paharīyateti ghaṇṭāç hantāti vattabbe hassa ghattaṃ ntassa caṇṭattaṃkatvā,kaṃsādinimmito vāditabhedo．sa-ṭīkā．vibhāvinī,yo.13va．hana+ṭa.thoma.]
[ဃဋိ+တ+အာ။ ဟန+တ+အာ။ ဒဏ္ဍာဒိနာ ဟညတေ ပဟရီယတေတိ ဃဏ္ဋာ,ဟန္တာတိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ ဟဿ ဃတ္တံ န္တဿ စဏ္ဋတ္တံကတွာ၊ ကံသာဒိနိမ္မိတော ဝါဒိတဘေဒေါ။ သ-ဋီကာ။ ဝိဘာဝိနီ၊ ယော။၁၃ဝ။ ဟန+ဋ။ထောမ။]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) ghaṇṭa—
(Burmese text): (က) ခေါင်းလောင်း၊ ဆည်းလည်း။ (ခ) ချူ။ (ဂ) စည်း။ ဃဏ္ဋာ-လည်းကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (a) Header, also a table. (b) A pair. (c) A duct. Look at the features as well.
2) ghaṇṭā—
(Burmese text): (က) ခေါင်းလောင်း၊ ဆည်းလည်း။ (ခ) ခြူ။ (ဂ) စည်း။ (က) ဃဏ္ဋာနုရဝ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (a) Head, also joined. (b) Scooping. (c) Loop. (d) Gnantanu-View.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
ghaṇṭā (घंटा).—f (S) A bell: also a plate of iron or mixed metal struck as a bell, or in telling the hours. ghaṇṭā vājaṇēṃ g. of s. Also ghaṇṭā hālaṇēṃ To be exhausted, spent, consumed; to be out or clean gone.
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ghāṇṭa (घांट).—f (ghaṇṭā S) A bell. 2 fig. A blab.
ghaṇṭā (घंटा).—f The bell. ghaṇṭā vājaṇēṃ Be ex- hausted, spent, consumed. Be out or clean gone.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).—a. Shining, splendid
-ṇṭaḥ 1 Name of Śiva.
2) A kind of sauce, a kind of dish.
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Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा).—[ghaṇṭ-ac]
1) A bell.
2) A plate of iron or mixed metal struck as a clock.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).—(?) (in Sanskrit name of a Dānava), name of a rākṣasa king: (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 18.1; but see Yama (3).
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).—m.
(-ṇṭaḥ) A sort of sauce, vegetables made into a pulp with water, turmeric, mustard seeds and capsicums. f.
(-ṇṭā) 1. A bell; also a plate of iron or mixed metal struck as a bell. 2. A plant: see ghaṇṭāpāṭalī E. ghana to strike, kta affix, fem. ṭāp and deriv. irr.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट).— (akin to han), I. adj., f. ṭī, Sounding (?), Mahābhārata 12, 10377; 4, 188. Ii. f. ṭā, A bell, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 10, 33.
Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा).—[feminine] a bell; ghaṇṭikā [feminine] a small bell.
1) Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—m. (for hantra?) Name of Śiva, [Mahābhārata xii, 10377 and 10419; Harivaṃśa 14884] (cf. ghaṭin)
2) a kind of dish (sort of sauce, vegetables made into a pulp and mixed with turmeric and mustard seeds and capsicums; cf. matsya-), [Horace H. Wilson]
3) Name of a Dānava, [Kathāsaritsāgara cxxi, 229]
4) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा):—[from ghaṇṭa] a f. a bell, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc. (ifc. f(ā). , [Mahābhārata xiv; Rāmāyaṇa vi])
5) [v.s. ...] a plate of iron or mixed metal struck as a clock, [Horace H. Wilson] (cf. ghaṭī)
6) [v.s. ...] Bignonia suaveolens, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] Lida cordifolia or rhombifolia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] Uraria lagopodioides, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] Achyranthes aspera, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [from ghaṇṭa] b f. of ṭa q.v.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—(ṇṭaḥ) A sauce. 1. f. A bell.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—
1) adj. neben aghaṇṭa, dhaṭin (ghaṭin?), ghaṇṭin und caṇḍikaghaṇṭa Beiw. von Śiva [Mahābhārata 12, 10377. 10419.] [Harivaṃśa 14884.] ghaṇṭī f. Beiw. der Durgā [Mahābhārata 4, 188.] Viell. eine hellklingende Stimme habend. —
2) m. ein best. Gericht [Śabdakalpadruma]; vgl. matsyaghaṇṭa . Nach [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] : a sort of sauce, vegetables made into a pulp with water, turmeric, mustard seeds and capsicums. —
2) f. ā a) Glocke [Mahābhārata 3, 14531. fg.] [12, 5350] (loha). [?13, 871. Arjunasamāgama 2, 3. Rāmāyaṇa 2, 67, 17. 89, 12. 5, 9, 21. 6, 35, 11. 106, 24. Suśruta 2, 385, 18. Pañcatantra 89, 10. 228, 22. 229, 13. 15. Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 42(43), 7. 85, 23. 86, 107. Hiouen-Thsang I, 52. 431. WASSILYEW 211.] ghaṇṭātāḍa die Glocke schlagend [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 10, 33.] Am Ende eines adj. comp. f. ā [Mahābhārata 14, 1758.] śaktimaṣṭaghaṇṭām [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 80, 32.] Die Form ghaṇṭī haben wir in kṣudraghaṇṭī Glöckchen [Medinīkoṣa r. 152.] — b) Name verschiedener Pflanzen: α) = ghaṇṭāpāṭali [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] — β) Sida cordifolia und rhombifolia. — γ) Uraria lagopodiodes (nāgavalā) [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — δ) Achyranthes aspera (apamārga) [Ratnamālā 40.] — ghaṇṭā Glocke und ghaṭa Topf können wohl ursprünglich identisch sein, wie wir denn auch in vielen compp. sowohl diese beiden Wörter als auch kumbha (= ghaṭa) mit ghaṇṭā wechseln sehen; vgl. ghaṭābha und ghaṇṭābha, ghaṭodara und ghaṇṭodara, kumbhīvīja und ghaṇṭāvīja, kumbhinīvīja und ghaṇṭinīvīja .
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Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—[Z. 6 lies
3) Stenzler 2]). —
4) m. Nomen proprium eines Dānava (neben Nighaṇṭa) [Kathāsaritsāgara 121, 229.] — Vgl. kālaghaṇṭayoga, mahāghaṇṭī, mukhaghaṇṭā .
--- OR ---
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—
2) a) [Spr. (II) 2158.]
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):——
1) m. — a) Beiname Śiva's. — b) *ein best. Gericht. — c) Nomen proprium eines Dānava. —
2) f. ā — a) Glocke. Am Ende eines adj. Comp. f. ā. — b) eine Art Cymbel [Saṃgitasārasaṃgraha 198.] — c) *Bignonia suaveolens. — d) *Sida_cordifolia_oder rhombifolia [Rājan 4,103.] — e) *Uraria lagopodioides [Rājan 4,106.] — f) *Achyranthes aspera. —
3) *f. ī Glocke in kṣudra.
Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Ghaṃṭa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Ghaṃṭā (घंटा) [Also spelled ghanta]:—(nm) a bell; gong; clock; an hour; ~[ghara] a clock-tower.
1) Ghanta in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) a bell; gong; clock; an hour; ~[ghara] a clock-tower..—ghanta (घंटा) is alternatively transliterated as Ghaṃṭā.
2) Ghanta in Hindi refers in English to:—(nf) density; solidity; compactness..—ghanta (घनता) is alternatively transliterated as Ghanatā.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Ghaṃṭa (घंट) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Ghaṇṭa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Ghaṃṭā (ಘಂಟಾ):—[noun] (mus.) a musical mode in Karnāṭaka system derived from the major mode Naṭhabhairavi.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
1) Ghaṇṭa (घण्ट):—n. bell; gong;
2) Ghaṇṭā (घण्टा):—n. 1. hour; sixty minutes; 2. bell; chime; gong;
3) Ghanṭa (घन्ट):—n. bell; chime; gong;
4) Ghanṭā (घन्टा):—n. dinner-gong;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Ghatin, Luo, Da, A, Ta.
Starts with (+22): Ghamtamani, Ghantaarava, Ghantabha, Ghantabhighata, Ghantabhighatanuja, Ghantabija, Ghantadhara, Ghantagara, Ghantakarna, Ghantakarneshvara, Ghantakarni, Ghantalakshana, Ghantali, Ghantamala, Ghantamandapa, Ghantamantra, Ghantamudra, Ghantamukha, Ghantanada, Ghantanurava.
Full-text (+293): Ghantika, Ghantarava, Ghantakarna, Ghantapatha, Ghantapatali, Ghantashabda, Adhoghanta, Ghantatada, Yamaghanta, Mukhaghanta, Nighanta, Ghantanada, Nirghanta, Shataghanta, Aghoraghanta, Ghantavadya, Jayaghanta, Matsyaghanta, Ghantali, Candaghanta.
Relevant text
Search found 101 books and stories containing Ghanta, Ghaṃṭā, Ghaṃṭa, Ghamta, Ghaṇṭā, Ghaṇṭa, Ghanṭā, Ghanṭa, Ghāṇṭa, Ghati-ta, Ghaṭi-ta, Ghati-ta-a, Ghaṭi-ta-ā; (plurals include: Ghantas, Ghaṃṭās, Ghaṃṭas, Ghamtas, Ghaṇṭās, Ghaṇṭas, Ghanṭās, Ghanṭas, Ghāṇṭas, tas, as, ās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 112 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 388 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 2]
Page 565 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 2.29 < [Chapter 2 - One’s Own Form of the Horās]
Varahi Tantra (English Study) (by Roberta Pamio)
Chapter 29 - The worship of Caṇḍikā < [Summary of the Vārāhī Tantra]
Chapter 12 - The Dhyānas (supports for the meditation) of the Goddess < [Summary of the Vārāhī Tantra]
Chapter 28 - Durgāpūjā (the worship of Durgā) < [Summary of the Vārāhī Tantra]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Canons of Orissan Architecture (by R. Chatterjee)
Chapter 16-17 - The Bhadra Temple (architectural details)
Archaeology and the Mahabharata (Study) (by Gouri Lad)