Gan tuo luo, Gān tuó luó, Qián tuó luó, Qian tuo luo: 5 definitions
Introduction:
Gan tuo luo means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
乾陀羅 [gan tuo luo]—Gandhāra, an ancient kingdom in the north of the Punjab, 'Lat. 35° 5N., Long. 71°16E. ' ( Eitel); famous as a centre of Buddhism. Śākyamuni, in a former life, is said to have lived there and torn out his eyes to benefit others, 'probably a distortion of the story of Dharmavivardhana, who as governor of Gandhāra was blinded by order of a concubine of his father, Aśoka. ' Eitel. M. W. associates Gandhāra with Kandahar. Also, name of a fragrant tree, and of a yellow colour.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
乾陀羅 [gan tuo luo]—(Qiántuóluó) — [地名 [de ming] (dìmíng)] Gandhāra, also written as 健馱邏 [jian tuo luo] (Jiàntuóluó), 犍陀羅 [jian tuo luo] (Jiāntuóluó), 乾陀 [gan tuo] (Qiántuó), 乾陀衛 [gan tuo wei] (Qiántuówèi), or 乾陀越 [gan tuo yue] (Qiántuóyuè). 譯曰 [yi yue] (yì yuē) translated as "Holding the Earth" (持地 [chi de]), "Fragrant Conduct" (香行 [xiang xing]), "Fragrant Pervasion" (香徧 [xiang bian]), "Fragrant Purity" (香淨 [xiang jing]), "Fragrant Cleanliness" (香潔 [xiang jie]), etc. It is a 國名 [guo ming] (guó míng) (country name). The Records of the Western Regions (西域記 [xi yu ji]) Volume 2 states: "The Kingdom of Gandhara (健馱邏國 [jian tuo luo guo]). Formerly called Qiántuówèi (乾陀衛 [gan tuo wei]), which was a corruption. It is located in Northern India." Huìyuàn's Glossary of Sounds and Meanings (慧苑音義 [hui yuan yin yi]) Volume 2 states: "The Kingdom of Gandhara (國 [guo]), here translated as 'Land of Upholding the Earth' (持地國 [chi de guo]). This means that in the past, this country had many saints and sages who attained the fruits of the path. They upheld its territory and prevented it from being invaded by other countries. It is also said: 'Gandha' (乾陀 [gan tuo]) means 'fragrance' (香 [xiang]), and 'Ra' (羅 [luo]) refers to 'Dhāra', which here means 'pervading' (徧 [bian]). This implies that throughout this country, many fragrant flowers grow, hence it is named 'Land of Pervading Fragrance' (香徧國 [xiang bian guo]). This country is located north of Central India and south of Northern India, in the middle of these two regions." Xuányìng's Glossary of Sounds and Meanings (玄應音義 [xuan ying yin yi]) Volume 3 states: "The Kingdom of Qiántuóyuè (乾陀越國 [gan tuo yue guo]) should be called Gandhavana (乾陀婆那 [gan tuo po na]), which is here translated as 'Fragrant Forest' (香林 [xiang lin]). The Sutra of Clear Deliverance (明度經 [ming du jing]) calls it 'Land of Fragrant Purity' (香淨國 [xiang jing guo]). They are the same." Further down it states: "Xiāngjìng (香淨 [xiang jing]) is the 梵言 [fan yan] (Fànyán) (Sanskrit word) for Qiántuóyuè (乾陀越 [gan tuo yue]), or it can be written as 'Jiàn' (健 [jian]). According to the Sutra of King Ajātaśatru's Daughter (阿闍世王女經 [a du shi wang nu jing]), it is called Qiántuó (乾陀 [gan tuo]) or 'Fragrant Cleanliness' (香潔 [xiang jie]), and also 'Land of Fragrant Wind' (香風國 [xiang feng guo])." The Sutra of King Ajātaśatru's Daughter states: "The Gandha-khaṣṭa (犍陀訶剎土 [jian tuo he sha tu]), 漢言 [han yan] (Hànyán) (in Chinese it is said) 'Land of Fragrant Cleanliness' (香潔國 [xiang jie guo])." Currently, this area still bears traces of the prevalence of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient times. Furthermore, having been a strategic point for communication between India and Greece since ancient times, extremely exquisite Buddha statues made around the turn of the Western calendar era have also been discovered there. It is most famous in the fields of art and architecture.
[山名 [shan ming] (shānmíng)] Mountain name. The Four Āgama Evening Extracts (四阿含暮抄 [si a han mu chao]) Volume 2 states: "Gandhara (犍陀羅 [jian tuo luo]), here translated as 'Mountain that Upholds Heaven and Earth' (持天地山 [chi tian de shan])."
[植物 [zhi wu] (zhíwù)] Plant. 樹名 [shu ming] (shùmíng) (Tree name), abbreviated as Qiántuó (乾陀 [gan tuo]). The Jewel Pagoda Sutra (寶樓閣經 [bao lou ge jing]) states: "If one uses the fragrance of the Gandhara tree mixed with white mustard seed oil to subdue all dragons." The note states: "The fragrance of the Gandhara tree (乾陀囉樹香 [gan tuo luo shu xiang]) is 安息香 [an xi xiang] (ānxīxiāng) (benzoin)." See the entry for "Jiàntuó" (健陀 [jian tuo]).
[雜名 [za ming] (zámíng)] Miscellaneous name. 色名 [se ming] (sèmíng) (Color name). The Collection of Names and Meanings (名義集 [ming yi ji]) Volume 3 states: "Gandhara (), or Kapin'na (劫賓那 [jie bin na]), here translated as 黃色 [huang se] (huángsè) (yellow)." See the entry for "Jiàntuó" (健陀 [jian tuo]).
乾陀羅—【地名】Gandhāra，又作健馱邏、犍陀羅、乾陀、乾陀衛、乾陀越。譯曰持地、香行、香徧、香淨、香潔等。國名。西域記二曰：「健馱邏國。舊曰乾陀衛，訛也，北印度境。」慧苑音義下曰：「乾陀羅國，此云持地國，謂昔此國多有道果聖賢。住持其境，不為他國侵害也。又云：乾陀是香，羅謂陀羅，此云徧也。言徧此國內多生香氣之花，故名香徧國。其國在中印度北，北印度南，二界中間也。」玄應音義三曰：「乾陀越國，應云乾陀婆那，此譯云香林。明度經云香淨國。同一也。」次下曰：「香淨，梵言乾陀越，或作健。案阿闍世王女經，云乾陀、云香潔，一云香風國也。」阿闍世王女經曰：「犍陀訶剎土，漢言香潔國。」即今此地尚有有古時大乘流行之形迹，加以古來為印度與希臘交通之衝，西曆紀元前後所製作極精好之佛像亦有發見者。美術，建築學上最有名者也。
山名。四阿含暮抄下曰：「犍陀羅，此云持天地山。」
【植物】樹名，略名乾陀。寶樓閣經中曰：「若以乾陀囉樹香和白芥子油伏一切龍。」註曰：「乾陀囉樹香，安息香也。」見健陀條。(健陀)
【雜名】色名。名義集三曰：「乾陀羅，或劫賓那，此云黃色。」見健陀條。(健陀)
[de míng]Gandhāra, yòu zuò jiàn tuó luó,, jiān tuó luó,, gān tuó,, gān tuó wèi,, gān tuó yuè. yì yuē chí de,, xiāng xíng,, xiāng biàn,, xiāng jìng,, xiāng jié děng. guó míng. xī yù jì èr yuē: “jiàn tuó luó guó. jiù yuē gān tuó wèi, é yě, běi yìn dù jìng.” huì yuàn yīn yì xià yuē: “gān tuó luó guó, cǐ yún chí de guó, wèi xī cǐ guó duō yǒu dào guǒ shèng xián. zhù chí qí jìng, bù wèi tā guó qīn hài yě. yòu yún: gān tuó shì xiāng, luó wèi tuó luó, cǐ yún biàn yě. yán biàn cǐ guó nèi duō shēng xiāng qì zhī huā, gù míng xiāng biàn guó. qí guó zài zhōng yìn dù běi, běi yìn dù nán, èr jiè zhōng jiān yě.” xuán yīng yīn yì sān yuē: “gān tuó yuè guó, yīng yún gān tuó pó nà, cǐ yì yún xiāng lín. míng dù jīng yún xiāng jìng guó. tóng yī yě.” cì xià yuē: “xiāng jìng, fàn yán gān tuó yuè, huò zuò jiàn. àn ā dū shì wáng nǚ jīng, yún gān tuó,, yún xiāng jié, yī yún xiāng fēng guó yě.” ā dū shì wáng nǚ jīng yuē: “jiān tuó hē shā tǔ, hàn yán xiāng jié guó.” jí jīn cǐ de shàng yǒu yǒu gǔ shí dà chéng liú xíng zhī xíng jī, jiā yǐ gǔ lái wèi yìn dù yǔ xī là jiāo tōng zhī chōng, xī lì jì yuán qián hòu suǒ zhì zuò jí jīng hǎo zhī fú xiàng yì yǒu fā jiàn zhě. měi shù, jiàn zhú xué shàng zuì yǒu míng zhě yě.
shān míng. sì ā hán mù chāo xià yuē: “jiān tuó luó, cǐ yún chí tiān de shān.”
[zhí wù] shù míng, lüè míng gān tuó. bǎo lóu gé jīng zhōng yuē: “ruò yǐ gān tuó luō shù xiāng hé bái jiè zi yóu fú yī qiè lóng.” zhù yuē: “gān tuó luō shù xiāng, ān xī xiāng yě.” jiàn jiàn tuó tiáo.(jiàn tuó)
[zá míng] sè míng. míng yì jí sān yuē: “gān tuó luó, huò jié bīn nà, cǐ yún huáng sè.” jiàn jiàn tuó tiáo.(jiàn tuó)
[de ming]Gandhara, you zuo jian tuo luo,, jian tuo luo,, gan tuo,, gan tuo wei,, gan tuo yue. yi yue chi de,, xiang xing,, xiang bian,, xiang jing,, xiang jie deng. guo ming. xi yu ji er yue: "jian tuo luo guo. jiu yue gan tuo wei, e ye, bei yin du jing." hui yuan yin yi xia yue: "gan tuo luo guo, ci yun chi de guo, wei xi ci guo duo you dao guo sheng xian. zhu chi qi jing, bu wei ta guo qin hai ye. you yun: gan tuo shi xiang, luo wei tuo luo, ci yun bian ye. yan bian ci guo nei duo sheng xiang qi zhi hua, gu ming xiang bian guo. qi guo zai zhong yin du bei, bei yin du nan, er jie zhong jian ye." xuan ying yin yi san yue: "gan tuo yue guo, ying yun gan tuo po na, ci yi yun xiang lin. ming du jing yun xiang jing guo. tong yi ye." ci xia yue: "xiang jing, fan yan gan tuo yue, huo zuo jian. an a du shi wang nu jing, yun gan tuo,, yun xiang jie, yi yun xiang feng guo ye." a du shi wang nu jing yue: "jian tuo he sha tu, han yan xiang jie guo." ji jin ci de shang you you gu shi da cheng liu xing zhi xing ji, jia yi gu lai wei yin du yu xi la jiao tong zhi chong, xi li ji yuan qian hou suo zhi zuo ji jing hao zhi fu xiang yi you fa jian zhe. mei shu, jian zhu xue shang zui you ming zhe ye.
shan ming. si a han mu chao xia yue: "jian tuo luo, ci yun chi tian de shan."
[zhi wu] shu ming, lue ming gan tuo. bao lou ge jing zhong yue: "ruo yi gan tuo luo shu xiang he bai jie zi you fu yi qie long." zhu yue: "gan tuo luo shu xiang, an xi xiang ye." jian jian tuo tiao.(jian tuo)
[za ming] se ming. ming yi ji san yue: "gan tuo luo, huo jie bin na, ci yun huang se." jian jian tuo tiao.(jian tuo)
1) 乾陀羅 t = 乾陀罗 s = gān tuó luó p refers to [noun] “a gandharva”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao] , Subdomain: India; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: gandharva, Pali: gandhabba; see 乾闥婆 [gan ta po] (BL 'gandharva'; Lancaster 1968, 376).
2) 乾陀羅 t = 乾陀罗 s = gān tuó luó p refers to [noun] “gandha; fragrance”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: gandha; see 乾陀樹 [gan tuo shu] (FGDB '乾陀樹 [gan tuo shu]')..
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
Languages of India and abroad
Chinese-English dictionary
1) 乾陀羅 [gān tuó luó] refers to: “Gandhāra” [Sanskrit place name].
乾陀羅 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 乾陀婆那; 乾陀衞; 乾陀越; 乾陀越國; 健馱羅; 健馱羅國; 健馱邏; 妙香; 犍陀羅; 犍陀羅國; 犍陀越; 犍馱羅國; 犍駄羅國; 罽賓; 罽賓國; 香地; 香潔; 香行; 香遍.
[Vietnamese] càn đà la.
[Korean] 건타라 / Gantara.
[Japanese] ケンダラ / Kendara.
2) 揵陀羅 [qián tuó luó] refers to: “gandharva”.
揵陀羅 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 執樂神; 揵達縛.
[Sanskrit] gandharva.
[Vietnamese] kiền đà la.
[Korean] 건다라 / geondara.
[Japanese] ケンダラ / kendara.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Tuo, Gan, Duo, Lao, Luo, Qian, Ta.
Starts with: Gan tuo luo gui shen, Gan tuo luo guo, Gan tuo luo shu xiang, Gan tuo luo ye.
Full-text (+24): Yu gan tuo luo, You gan tuo luo, Gan tuo luo guo, Gan tuo luo gui shen, Gan tuo wei, Gan tuo yue, Gan tuo po na, Qian tuo luo ye, Jian tuo he, Gan tuo, You qian tuo luo, Gan tuo luo ye, Jian tuo luo, You gan, Shuang chi, Can da la, Xiang ran, Yu jian da luo, Yugandhara, Jiu shan ba hai.
Relevant text
Search found 2 books and stories containing Gan tuo luo, Gān tuó luó, Gāntuóluó, Gantuoluo, Qiántuóluó, Qiantuoluo, Qián tuó luó, Qian tuo luo, 乾陀羅, 乾陀邏, 揵陀羅; (plurals include: Gan tuo luos, Gān tuó luós, Gāntuóluós, Gantuoluos, Qiántuóluós, Qiantuoluos, Qián tuó luós, Qian tuo luos, 乾陀羅s, 乾陀邏s, 揵陀羅s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Chapter 21: The Taming of the Drunken Elephant and the Guardian of Treasures < [Part 192 - Buddhacarita (translated by Dharmakshema)]
Chapter 3: On Manifesting Phenomena < [Part 187 - Lalitavistara (translated by Divakara)]
Chapter 3: On Manifesting Phenomena < [Part 186 - Lalitavistara (translated by Dharmaraksha)]
A Dictionary Of Chinese Buddhist Terms (by William Edward Soothill)