Duti, Dutī, Dūtī: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Duti means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kubjikāmata-tantraDūtī (दूती, “female messengers”):— They are eighty-one goddesses that occupy the region of the Dūtīcakra, that is, the second cakra out of the five cakras assigned to the human body (e.g. pañcacakra), according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra. Together they symbolize another component of the sixfold path, namely the padādhvan which consists in this case of eighty-one padas derived from the Navātman.
They are presided over by nine male deities (called bhairavas, they are emenations of Ananta, the presiding deity of the Dūtīcakra):
- Kapāla,
- Caṇḍalokeśa,
- Yogeśa,
- Manonmana,
- Hāṭakeśvara,
- Kravyāda,
- Mudreśa,
- Diṅmaheśvara,
- and Ananta.
Each of these nine deities enfolds himself again into nine, and as a result nine time nine padas are created, which are said to be the cause of the Dūtīs. Thus, eighty-one Dūtīs came into existence, arranged in nine groups of nine Dūtīs each.
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsDūtī (दूती) or Kiṅkarī refers to the “four consorts” of the pantheon of Mantra-deities, according to the Brahmayāmala-tantra (or Picumata), an early 7th century Śaiva text consisting of twelve-thousand verses.—Patterning the processes of inner and outer ritual is the Brahmayāmala’s pantheon of mantra-deities, whose core comprises the Four Goddesses or Guhyakās, Four Consorts (dūtīs) or Handmaidens, and their lord, Kapālīśabhairava.
The four Dūtīs are:
- Karālā (li),
- Danturā (ni),
- Bhīmavaktrā (svā),
- Mahābalā (hā).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇaDūtī (दूती) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (e.g., Dūtī) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”
The Matsyapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 20,000 metrical verses, dating from the 1st-millennium BCE. The narrator is Matsya, one of the ten major avatars of Viṣṇu.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Dūtī (दूती).—An Akṣara devī.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 19. 58; 37. 34.
1b) A Mind-born mother.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 179. 10.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraDūtī (दूती, “messenger”).—A wise woman, female story-teller, a female ascetic or a woman of the stage, an intelligent woman, a female neighbour, a female friend, a maid-servant, an unmarried girl, a crafts-woman, a foster-mother, a nun or a female fortune-teller can be employed as female a Messenger (dūtī).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) Dūtī (दूती) refers to one’s “consort” (i.e., partner in tantric rituals), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] Prior to the emergence of the Kālīkrama Manthāna Bhairava was a major aspect of the god of the Brahmayāmala. His cult is set in the cremation ground where the initiate (called ‘avadhūta’) is engaged in sexual union—‘churning’—with his consort (dūtī) through which he produces the sexual fluids offered to Manthānabhairava and his energies.
2) Dūtī (दूती) refers to “female attendants” or Yoginīs, associated with the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—The eight seats described in the Yogakhaṇḍa include male servants (there called ceṣṭakas, not praticārakas as here) and female attendants. In the Yogakhaṇḍa the latter are called ‘dūtīs’—the name also given to the partner in rites of union. In other setups such attendants are not normally listed.
Source: academia.edu: Women in Early Śākta TantrasDūtī (दूती).—The female ritual partner (dūtī/śakti).—A female ritual partner, most commonly called dūtī (“female messen-ger” or “mischief-making woman”) or simply śakti (“female power”), is not necessary for all śākta tantric rituals. The Brahmayāmala (45.185-188) prescribes the use of a partner only for the tālaka type practitioner, who nevertheless seems to be the most advanced in his nondual ritual practice, in which he is to transcend the duality of what is considered pure and impure according to orthopraxy.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism1) Dūtī (दूती) refers to a group of beings mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including the Dūtīs).
2) Dūtī (दूती) is also mentioned as the name of a Dūtī (i.e., messengers of Lord Vajrapāṇi) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa.
Source: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II)Dūtī (दूती) refers to “female messengers”; techniques to please them are described in the Vajraḍākatantra chapter 38.—Accordingly the word Dūtī (female messenger) is a synonym of Yoginī, Ḍākinī and Mudrā in that it means a sacred lady or a partner of a Yogin. The word dūtī is frequently used in the Cakrasaṃvara literature. The text strictly prohibits a Yogin from raping every kind of Dūtīs and insists that the Dūtīs should be perfected by pleaseure (sukha). Having enumerated three types of the women (Citriṇī, Plīvī and Śaṅkhinī), five techniques to please Dūtīs as well as the Yogin himself and to enlarge a Yogin’s gentials are introduced. Various kinds of woods and plants in addition to honey and butter are utilized for this purpose.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarydutī : (f.) a messenger; envoy.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryDūtī (दूती).—
1) A female messenger, a confidante.
2) A go-between, procuress.
3) A gossiping or mischief-making woman. (N. B. The tī of dūtī is sometimes shortened; see R.18.53;19.18; Kumārasambhava 4.16. and Malli. thereon.)
See also (synonyms): dūtikā.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryDūtī (दूती).—substantially = mahādūtī, q.v.: (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 12.(18—) 19, read, (mahādūtyaḥ aneka-)dūtī-gaṇa-parivāritā(ḥ).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryDūti (दूति).—f.
(-tiḥ) See dūta du-vā ti dīrghaśca .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Dūtī (दूती):—[from dūta] f. female messenger, [especially] procuress, go-between, [Ṛg-veda; Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] a kind of bird (= sārikā), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] Name of a female attendant on Durgā, [Horace H. Wilson]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryDūti (दूति):—(tiḥ) 2. f. A messenger.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Dūtī (दूती) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Dūī.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryDūtī (दूती):—(nf) a procuress, bawd.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusDūti (ದೂತಿ):—
1) [noun] a girl or woman servant; a maid-servant.
2) [noun] an female messenger.
3) [noun] an intimate female friend (of a queen or princess).
4) [noun] a woman who obtains men for the purpose of prostitution; a procuress.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+4): Dutia, Duticakra, Dutichakra, Dutika, Dutikarmaprakasha, Dutike, Dutikku, Dutilakshana, Dutini, Dutipalasha, Dutiprakasha, Dutisu, Dutitikkha, Dutitva, Dutiya, Dutiya Sutta, Dutiyajanamantra, Dutiyaka, Dutiyam, Dutiyamakkata Jataka.
Ends with (+18): Abhiduti, Adiruduti, Ahutyagniduti, Alavanduti, Alavannaduti, Anangaduti, Anyaduti, Arevereduti, Bhaktiduti, Caitraduti, Daduti, Devaduti, Dhaduti, Imduti, Kaladuti, Kamaduti, Kanduti, Kemduti, Kshetraduti, Lamkaduti.
Full-text (+388): Kamaduti, Dutika, Prashnaduti, Shivaduti, Abhiduti, Devaduti, Dutitva, Kapalini, Duta, Kshetraduti, Dui, Mohani, Dutike, Dudavi, Dutiprakasha, Dutilakshana, Prabuddha, Candi, Kalanatmika, Mundi.
Relevant text
Search found 22 books and stories containing Duti, Dutī, Dūtī, Dūti; (plurals include: Dutis, Dutīs, Dūtīs, Dūtis). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.266 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Verse 4.8.58 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 2.4.124 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vyābhicāri-bhāva)]
Srila Gurudeva (The Supreme Treasure) (by Swami Bhaktivedanta Madhava Maharaja)
Significance of the Tulasī plant < [Chapter 2.12 - Early ISKCON Conversations with Śrīla Gurudeva]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Folk Tradition of Bengal (and Rabindranath Tagore) (by Joydeep Mukherjee)
Chapter 5.4 - Tagore’s interest in Lalon Fakir’s Manuscript
Expiatory Rites in Keralite Tantra (by T. S. Syamkumar)
1.2. Expiatory Rites in Brahmayāmalatantra < [Chapter 2 - Expiatory Rites in Āgamic Literature]
10. Woman and Tantric Expiatory Rites < [Chapter 4 - Socio-Cultural aspects of Expiatory Rites]
3. Expiatory Rites in Śākta-Tantras < [Chapter 2 - Expiatory Rites in Āgamic Literature]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)