Dustara, Duttara, Dushtara, Dus-tara: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Dustara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Dustar.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Dustara (दुस्तर) refers to “difficult (penance)” [?], according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.22 (“Description of Pārvatī’s penance”).—Accordingly, after Menā spoke to Pārvatī: “[...] Oh dear, that Himalayan ridge devoid of Śiva was painfully seen by Pārvatī, the mother of the universe, the daughter of the mountain. She stood for a while in the place where formerly Śiva had performed penance [i.e., dustara—śaṃbhustaptavāndustaraṃ] and became dispirited by the pangs of separation. Crying aloud ‘Alas O Śiva’ she, the daughter of the mountain, lamented sorrowfully and anxiously. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Dustara (दुस्तर) refers to “that (ocean) which is hard to cross”, according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, [while describing the visualized form of Navātman Bhairava]: “[...] He who practices the Navātmānanda Bhairava, in this way quickly attains success. O fair lady, it is the means to attain all the things (one) desires. He who has Navātman in (his) heart holds success in (his) hand. O fair lady, the Krama of one who does not deposit the Vaḍava Fire of Navātman is empty; (his) effort, O goddess, is useless. He is not liberated (and is like) those who are sunk in sinful action. O mistress of the God of the gods, he sinks into the ocean of transmigration which is hard to cross (dustara). [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Dustarā (दुस्तरा) refers to “that (ditch) which is hard to cross (on the outside)”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 10, “on the catching of elephants”]: “2. The trap pen is celebrated as having a length and breadth of approximately a kos (ca. one and one-half miles). Making a fence round about it with stout trees, etc., dug into the ground, and a ditch hard to cross on the outside (bahir-dustarā), he shall construct with bamboos, etc., a lane opening outward, (beginning) between two fences arranged on either side of the entrance, and gradually becoming wider (as it leads out). [...]”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Duṣṭara (दुष्टर) refers to “overcoming wrong”, according to the Guru-maṇḍala-arcana [i.e., “Guru Mandala Worship]” ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “In the Mandala, an obscured Himalaya, abiding seated in lotus posture, [..] making many triple-dark demons, world protectors, destroying all fear, with a tiger skin garment, doing wrong, overcoming wrong (duṣṭara), firm, deep, the letters Hūṃ, Phaṭ, or the letters Hāṃ Hāṃ, filling up the entire sky, [...] a helper for crossing over together, the dreadful wilderness of saṃsāra, routing Māra, Śrī Vajrasattva, homage”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
duttara : (adj.) difficult to cross over.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
dustara (दुस्तर).—a S Hard to get over, lit. fig. incurable or hopeless--a disease: insurmountable--an obstacle: impassable--a river, a road: impracticable--a task or work. Ex. maja sōḍavī dātārā || karmāpāsuni dustarā ||.
dustara (दुस्तर).—a Hard to get over; incurable or hopeless-a disease.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Dustara (दुस्तर).—a. (duṣṭara or dustara)
1) difficult to be crossed; तितीर्षुर्दुस्तरं मोहादुडुपेनास्मि सागरम् (titīrṣurdustaraṃ mohāduḍupenāsmi sāgaram) R.1.2; Ms;4.242; प्रविशेन्मुखमाहेयं दुस्तरं वा महार्णवम् (praviśenmukhamāheyaṃ dustaraṃ vā mahārṇavam) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.111.
2) difficult to be subdued, insuperable, invincible.
3) not to be surpassed or excelled.
4) difficult to be borne or endured.
Dustara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dus and tara (तर).
Dustara (दुस्तर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) Difficult to be crossed. E. dur, and tara crossing.
Duṣṭara (दुष्टर).—i. e. dus-tṛ10 + a, adj. Unconquerable,
--- OR ---
Dustara (दुस्तर).—adj., f. rā. 1. hard to be crossed or traversed, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 28, 9; [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 242. 2. hard to be overcome, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 2, 46. 3. irresistible, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 3, 16, 32.
Dustara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dus and tara (तर).
--- OR ---
Dustāra (दुस्तार).—adj. difficult to be crossed or overcome, Mahābhārata 6, 2337; [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 6, 14, 26.
Dustāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dus and tāra (तार).
Duṣṭara (दुष्टर).—[adjective] unconquerable, irresistible, unbearable, unsufferable.
--- OR ---
Dustara (दुस्तर).—[adjective] difficult to be crossed or overcome.
1) Duṣṭara (दुष्टर):—[=duṣ-ṭara] [from duṣ > dur] mfn. difficult to be passed or overcome or endured
2) [v.s. ...] unconquerable, irresistible
3) [v.s. ...] incomparable, excellent, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda] (cf. dus-t)
1) Dustara (दुस्तर):—[=dus-tara] [from dus > dur] mfn. (cf. ṣ-ṭ) difficult to be passed or overcome, unconquerable, invincible, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature etc.]
2) Dustāra (दुस्तार):—[=dus-tāra] [from dus > dur] mfn. = -tara, [Mahābhārata]
Dustara (दुस्तर):—[du-stara] (raḥ-rā-raṃ) a. Hard to be crossed.
[Sanskrit to German]
Dustara (दुस्तर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Duttara, Duttāra.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Dustara (दुस्तर) [Also spelled dustar]:—(a) difficult to cross, impassable; insurmountable, insuperable.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Duttara (दुत्तर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Dustara.
2) Duttāra (दुत्तार) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Dustāra.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Dustara (ದುಸ್ತರ):—
1) [adjective] that cannot be crossed over or passed through.
2) [adjective] that cannot be prevented, warded off.
3) [adjective] that cannot be defeated, overcome or subdued.
--- OR ---
Dustara (ದುಸ್ತರ):—
1) [noun] that which cannot be crossed over or passed through.
2) [noun] that which cannot be endured, tolerated.
3) [noun] that which is difficult to get, achieve, etc.
--- OR ---
Dustāra (ದುಸ್ತಾರ):—[adjective] = ದುಸ್ತರ [dustara]1.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Stara, Du, Tu, Tara.
Starts with: Dushtarajodarshanashanti, Dushtarakshasa, Dushtarataritu, Dustarana, Dustarate, Dustarkya.
Full-text (+1): Sudustara, Dushtarataritu, Dustirna, Duruttara, Tara, Dustar, Bahirdustara, Pratisrotas, Nayana, Anapta, Madiranayana, Madiralocana, Tamas, Madirakshi, Madiradrish, Madirekshana, Nistara, Vyapad, Shlesha, Sagara.
Relevant text
Search found 32 books and stories containing Dustara, Du-stara, Dus-tarā, Dus-tāra, Duṣ-ṭara, Dus-tara, Dush-tara, Dushtara, Duṣṭara, Dustāra, Dustarā, Duttara, Duṭṭara, Duttāra; (plurals include: Dustaras, staras, tarās, tāras, ṭaras, taras, Dushtaras, Duṣṭaras, Dustāras, Dustarās, Duttaras, Duṭṭaras, Duttāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 955 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 1]
Page 16 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 944 < [Hindi-Gujarati-English Volume 1]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.15.12 < [Chapter 15 - Revelation of the Universal Form to Nanda’s Wife]
Gemstones of the Good Dhamma (by Ven. S. Dhammika)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)