Druma: 21 definitions

Introduction

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Ayurveda
2. Purana
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
See also

Introduction:

Druma means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

Druma (द्रुम, “tree”).—One the classifications of plants according to their stature. Drumas are those that bear both flower. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Suśruta-saṃhitā and the Caraka-saṃhitā.

Druma is listed as a classification for plants in the following sources:

The Bhāvārthadīpikā 3.10.19 (commentary on the Bhāgavatapurāṇa) by Śrīdhara.

Source: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

Druma (द्रुम) or simply Dru refers to a “tree”, as mentioned in a list of twenty-five synonyms in the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands, soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees [viz., Druma] and plants and substances, with their various kinds.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Druma (द्रुम).—A King in ancient Bhārata. Mention is made about him in Mahābhārata, Ādi Parva, Chapter 1, Stanza 233.

2) Druma (द्रुम).—In Mahābhārata, Chapter 67, Stanza 8, King Druma, who was the rebirth of the asura Śibi, is mentioned.

3) Druma (द्रुम).—The leader of the Kinnaras (heavenly musicians). Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 10, Stanza 29). He sits in the Durbar of Kubera (God of wealth) and sings. He was the teacher of Rukmin, the son of Bhīṣmaka and he gave a bow to his pupil Rukmin. (Mahābhārata, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 158.)

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Druma (द्रुम).—The king of the Kimpuruṣas and Kinnaras (s.v.) stationed on the west during the siege of Gomanta;¹ stationed by Jarāsandha at the western gate of Mathurā;² attended the conference at Kuṇḍīna summoned by Śālva.³

1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 52. 11 [11]. Vāyu-purāṇa 41. 30.
2) Ib. X. 50 11 [5].
3) Ib. X. 76. 2 [9-10].

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Druma (द्रुम) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.61.7) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Druma) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Source: valmikiramayan.net: Srimad Valmiki Ramayana

Druma (द्रुम) refers to “trees” (in the forest), according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.28. Accordingly:—“[...] soothening with kind words to Sītā, when eyes were blemished with tears, the virtuous Rāma spoke again as follows, for the purpose of waking her turn back: ‘[...] Oh, Sītā! Forest is full of trees (druma), Kuśa grass and bamboos with ends of their branches spread on all sides. Hence, living in a forest is a great misery’”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Druma (द्रुम) is the name of a Gandharva king according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XV). Accordingly, “The king of the Gandharvas is called T’ong long mo (Druma); in the Ts’in language, ‘tree’”. Note: Druma is best known from the adventures of his daughter, the Kiṃnarī Manoharā, captured by the hunters of king Sucandrima, wed by prince Sudhanu (Sudhana), pursued by her father-in-law Subāhu, retrieved in the Himālaya by her husband and finally brought back in triumph to Hastināpura.

Druma is mentioned as the king of the Kinnaras (Kiṃnaras) according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVIII). Accordingly, “some Śrāvakas heard T’ouen louen mo (Druma), king of the Kin t’o lo (Kiṃnara) playing the lute, singing and praising the Buddha according to the true nature of dharmas. Then Mount Sumeru and all the trees shook; the great disciples of the Buddha, Mahākāśyapa, etc., were unable to sit still on their seats”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

Druma (द्रुम) is the name of a Kinnara mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Druma).

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van Svayambhūdeva’s Paümacariu

Druma (द्रुम) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Druma] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Druma (द्रुम) is the name of Asura Camara’s chief of infantry, as mentioned to chapter 1.2 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons”): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.

Accordingly,

“[...] In the city Cāmaracañcā in the assembly-hall Sudharmā, the Asura Camara, seated on the lion throne Camara, knew the Jina’s birth by clairvoyant knowledge and had the bell oghasvarā rung by Druma, the chief of his infantry, to inform the people”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

druma (द्रुम).—m S A tree, shrub, or plant.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

druma (द्रुम).—m A tree, shrub.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Druma (द्रुम).—[druḥ śākhāstyasya-maḥ, cf. P.V.2.18]

1) A tree; यत्र द्रुमा अपि मृगा अपि बान्धवो मे (yatra drumā api mṛgā api bāndhavo me) U.3.8.

2) A tree of Paradise.

3) An epithet of Kubera.

Derivable forms: drumaḥ (द्रुमः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Druma (द्रुम).—(1) nt. (otherwise recorded only as m.), tree: drumāṇi Mahāvastu i.7.3 (prose, no v.l.); (2) m., name of the king of the Kiṃnaras (in Sanskrit name of the king of the Kiṃpuruṣas; not noted in Pali or Prakrit): Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 4.13; Mahāvastu ii.97.5; 108.5; Divyāvadāna 443.2; 451.12; 457.3; Mahāvyutpatti 3414; Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya i.134.11; Śikṣāsamuccaya 261.15; Kāraṇḍavvūha 3.6 (printed Drama); (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 19.4; 655.9; Gaṇḍavyūha 250.4.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Druma (द्रुम).—m.

(-maḥ) 1. A tree in general. 2. A tree of Swarga or paradise. 3. A name of Kuvera. E. dru to go, ma aff. druḥ śākhā asvi asya .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Druma (द्रुम).—[dru + ma] 3., m. 1. A tree, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 255. 2. A proper name, Mahābhārata 1, 227.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Druma (द्रुम).—[masculine] tree; maya [adjective] wooden.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Druma (द्रुम):—[from dru] m. a tree, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. (sometimes also any plant; according to some [especially] a tree of Indra’s paradise = pārijāta)

2) [v.s. ...] Name of a prince of the Kim-puruṣas, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa]

3) [v.s. ...] of a son of Kṛṣṇa and Rukmiṇī, [Harivaṃśa]

4) Drumā (द्रुमा):—[from druma > dru] f. Name of a river, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Relevant text

Search found 28 books and stories containing Druma, Drumā; (plurals include: Drumas, Drumās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Verse 2.1.124 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]

Verse 2.1.216 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]

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Appendix 7 - The Legend of Druma (king of the Gandharvas) < [Chapter XV - The Arrival of the Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions]

Story of druma’s action on the śrāvakas < [Part 5 - The virtue of meditation]

Part 1 - Definitions of Prajñāpāramitā < [Chapter XVII - The Virtue of Generosity]

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Section VII < [Jambukhanda Nirmana Parva]

Section X < [Lokapala Sabhakhayana Parva]

Section XXXVI < [Rajasuyika Parva]

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Story of Rukmī