Drum: 4 definitions
Introduction:
Drum means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Ambiguity: Although Drum has separate glossary definitions below, it also represents an alternative spelling of the word Drama.
Images (photo gallery)
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In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Drum-shaped Temples (in ancient Indian architecture) are denoted by the Sanskrit term Mṛdaṅga, as described in literature such as the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—It is quite difficult to say about a definite number of varieties of Hindu temples but in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa hundred varieties of temples have been enumerated. For example, Drum-shaped. These temples are classified according to the particular shape, amount of storeys and other common elements, such as the number of pavilions, doors and roofs. [...] The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa relates that the temple named Mṛdaṅga should be constructed in the shape of a Drum.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Drum refers to one of the various attributes held by the Eight auspicious Girls (representing the eight celestial nymphs of Indra’s heaven) (also: aṣṭakanyā), according to Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā (a Prakrit Campū, similar to Kāvya poetry).—Page 93.17-8: There is a list of Eight auspicious girls holding respectively sprouted water-jars, fan-palm, fly-whisk, parasol, mirror, mṛdaṅga, harp, drum and cloth and ornaments. These were regarded as eight celestial nymphs of Indra’s heaven and frequently referred in literature as aṣṭakanyā or sabhā-kanyā. [...]
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Hindi dictionary
1) Drum in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) a drum..—drum (ड्रम) is alternatively transliterated as Ḍrama.
2) Drum in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) a tree..—drum (द्रुम) is alternatively transliterated as Druma.
...
Nepali dictionary
Drum is another spelling for ड्रम [ḍrama].—n. drum;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+14): Drum tree, Druma, Drumabjaketu, Drumabjam, Drumaccha, Drumacchaya, Drumacchedaprayashcitta, Drumachaya, Drumachedaprayashcitta, Drumada, Drumadhvaja, Drumagra, Drumajati, Drumaka, Drumakhanda, Drumakulya, Drumalata, Drumamara, Drumamaya, Drumanakha.
Full-text (+2812): Dundubhi, Mridanga, Damaru, Muraja, Pataha, Bheri, Dendima, Panava, Dhakka, Anaka, Tola, Jharjhara, Mukunda, Mardala, Avanaddha, Abhayadindima, Prangana, Anakadundubhi, Angin, Marjana.
Relevant text
Search found 368 books and stories containing Drum, Drums; (plurals include: Drums, Drumses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Musical Instruments in Sanskrit Literature (by S. Karthick Raj KMoundinya)
Appendix 7.8 - Musical Instruments from Ancient Africa
References to Musical Instruments by Kalidasa < [Chapter 3 - Musical Instruments of India (with reference to Sanskrit literary sources)]
Classification of Indian Musical instruments < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]
Design of a Nuclear Monitoring System Based on a Multi-Sensor Network and... < [Volume 15, Issue 7 (2023)]
Numerical Study of Potential Delayed Ettringite Formation in Cemented Nuclear... < [Volume 16, Issue 1 (2024)]
Research Issues in the Process of Cutting Straw into Pieces < [Volume 12, Issue 15 (2020)]
The Importance of the Sun Symbol in the Restoration of Sámi Spiritual... < [Volume 11, Issue 6 (2020)]
Souvenirs and the Commodification of Sámi Spirituality in Tourism < [Volume 11, Issue 9 (2020)]
Animals in Saami Shamanism: Power Animals, Symbols of Art, and Offerings < [Volume 12, Issue 4 (2021)]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
Chapter XXXIII - On Covered Instruments (avanaddha)
Chapter IV - Description of the Class Dance (tāṇḍava)
The Religion and Philosophy of Tevaram (Thevaram) (by M. A. Dorai Rangaswamy)
Chapter 4.3 - (d) Technical terms used by Arurar in relation to Dance and Music < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Chapter 94 - Thirumuruganpoondi or Tirumurukanpunti (Hymn 49) < [Volume 3.7 - Unto the last]
Chapter 4.3 - (c) Sculptures of Shiva and Dance < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Kailash: Journal of Himalayan Studies
A Note on the Phaguwaa Festival of Chitwan Tharu < [Volume 7, Number 3-4 (1979)]
The Baja Guthi of Badikhel < [Volume 17, Number 1-2 (1995)]
Part 18 - Guide to the Great Bell (Kathmandu) < [A Buddhist Guide to the Power Places of the Kathmandu Valley]
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