Dridha, Dṛḍha: 27 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Natyashastra
2. Purana
3. Ayurveda
4. Shaivism
5. Ganitashastra
6. Yoga
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
5. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Dridha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Dṛḍha can be transliterated into English as Drdha or Dridha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to one of the twenty prakāras: rules used in the playing of drums (puṣkara) [with reference to Mṛdaṅga, Paṇava and Dardura] according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 33. Accordingly, “the playing which is in a medium tempo, harmonious, and has clearly produced syllables and is fit to accompany movements, is called Dṛḍha”.

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Dṛḍha (दृढ).—(DṚḌHAVARMAN). One of the hundred sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. Bhīmasena killed him in the great war. (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 137).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to those Rudrākṣas which are “firm” and thus considered as superior, according to the Śivapurāṇa 1.25, while explaining the greatness of Rudrākṣa:—“[...] O Parameśvarī, no other necklace or garland is observed in the world to be so auspicious and fruitful as the Rudrākṣa. O Goddess, Rudrākṣas of even size, glossy, firm [viz., Dṛḍha], thick and having many thornlike protrusions yield desires and bestow worldly pleasures and salvation for ever”.

2) Dṛḍha (दृढ) or Dṛḍhastana refers to “firm (breasts)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.12.—Accordingly, after Himācala (i.e., Himālaya) brought his daughter (Pārvatī) before Śiva: “Then Śiva looked at her in the first flush of her youth. [...] Her two breasts resembling lotus-buds were stout, plump and firm [i.e., dṛḍha]. Her waist was slender and the curly locks of her hair shone well. Her feet resembled the land-lotus and were comely in appearance. She was competent to shake the minds of even the sages deeply engrossed in meditation, even at the very sight. She was a crest-jewel of all the maidens in the world”.

3) Dṛḍha (दृढ) or Dṛḍhacitta refers to a “steady and firm mind”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.15 (“The penance and reign of Tārakāsura”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated: “[...] For a hundred years he [Tāraka] performed penance with his hands lifted up, standing on only one leg and gazing at the sun. With his mind steady and firm [i.e., dṛḍha-citta] he observed all sacred rites. Then for a hundred years, the lord and king of Asuras, Tāraka performed the penance: stood steady touching the ground with the single big toe. [...]”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Dṛḍha (दृढ) is another name for Elavālu, a medicinal plant possibly identified with Prunus cerasus Linn. (sour cherry) from the Rosaceae or “rose” family of flowering plants, according to verse 4.124-126 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Together with the names Dṛḍha and Elavālu, there are a total of fourteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to “stout elephants”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 2, “on favorable marks”]: “10. Avoiding ( ? young) elephants that are weak, roguish, dull, and ill, one that is endowed with majesty, industrious (or efficient), clever in the eight ways of fighting, heroic, stout (dṛḍha), swift, his mind eager to slay all living creatures, provided with the favorable marks—such a noble elephant shall be held fit for a king’s battles”.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (Shaivism)

Dṛḍha (दृढ) or Draḍhaya [Draḍhīyas] refers to “(extremely) firm”.—In his Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī, Abhinavagupta understands scriptures in such a way that all scriptures, even those of the Buddhists and Jains, possess validity in their own sphere. He broadly defines religious scripture (āgama) as a verbal designation (śabdanarūpa) consisting in the extremely firm (draḍhīyas-tama) reflective awareness (vimarśa) that occurs within an individual knower. In other words, any group of words that can assist a person in coming to some kind of awareness within himself is an Āgama.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

Source: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

1) Dṛḍha (दृढ) or “firm” is another name for niccheda (“having no divisor”) or nirapavarta (“irreducible”), according to the principles of Bījagaṇita (“algebra” or ‘science of calculation’), according to Gaṇita-śāstra, ancient Indian mathematics and astronomy.—[Preliminary Operations]:—It has been remarked by most of the writers that in order that an equation of the form [by - ax = ±c or by + ax = ±c] may be solvable, the two numbers a and b must not have a common divisor; for, otherwise, the equation would be absurd, unless the number c had the same common divisor. So before the rules adumbrated hereafter can be applied, the numbers a, b, c must be made prime (dṛḍha=firm, niccheda=having no divisor, nirapavarta=irreducible) to each other.

2) Dṛḍha (दृढ) or Dṛḍhakuṭṭaka refers to the “constant pulveriser”, according to the principles of Bījagaṇita.—The equation [by = ax ± 1] generally called by the name of sthirakuṭṭaka or the “constant pulveriser” (from sthira, meaning constant, steady). Pṛthūdakasvāmī (860) sometimes designates it also as dṛḍhakuṭṭaka (from dṛḍha = firm). But that name disappeared from later Hindu algebras because the word dṛḍha was employed by later writers as equivalent to niccheda (having no divisor) or nirapavarta (irreducible). The origin of the name “constant pulveriser” has been explained by Pṛthūdakasvāmī as being due to the fact that the interpolator (± 1) is here invariable.

context information

Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to “stable (semen)”, according to the Candrāvalokana: a short dialogue between Śiva and Matsyendranātha dealing with teachings on absorption, mind and breath.—Accordingly, while discussing the no-mind state: “So long as the moving breath does not enter the central channel; so long as one's semen, which is connected to the breath, is not stable (dṛḍha), and so long as the no-mind state which corresponds to one’s natural [state] does not arise in meditation, then if one talks of gnosis, it is deceitful and false prattling”.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to “that which is strong”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXXII-XXXIV).—Accordingly, “By a ‘well-cultivated’ mind is meant a strong (dṛḍha) mind of loving-kindness (maitrīcitta). The mind is not yet ‘well-cultivated’ when one is just beginning to acquire it. In order that it be ‘well-cultivated’, it is not enough to practice it just toward fond people, or toward good people, or toward those who do good to us, or toward beings of a single direction; [...]”.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to “that which is firm”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “The great vehicle (mahāyāna) is made with four wheels (cakra), namely with the means of attraction, the spokes (ara) are well fitted as the roots of good have been transformed with intention, [...] is unbreakable because it is firm as a diamond (vajra-dṛḍha), is unchangeable due to the promise (pratijñā) based on the firmness of the highest intention, is controlled and well-grasped by a charioteer (sārathi), is always led by the thought of awakening, runs smoothly as it is attuned to the fulfilling of the qualities of vows, obtains the light (āloka-labdha) of divine sight in the great view of ten directions, [...]”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to “(being) firm”, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Oṃ Vajrasattva, cherish the vow, from your vajra-essence, stand by loving, Be firm (dṛḍha) for me, be pleased for me, be copious for me, be passionate for me, Grant me universal success, and in all actions, make me high-minded Hūṃ, Ha ha ha ha ho, divine vajra of all Tathāgata, do not abandon me, Be a holder of the vajra, being of the great vow Āḥ!”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Dṛḍha (दृढ) refers to the “firm (doctrine)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “The wishing tree of the true doctrine which is firm (dṛḍha), whose large and very thick root has come forth from compassion for various living souls, whose twelve reflections are massive branches, which is guidance for a householder, whose excellent trunk is the way to heaven, whose splendid blossom is heavenly bliss [and] whose fruit is virtuous inactivity, is caused to ascend by worshippers of the Jina from water in the teachings of the splendid Jinas which are richly wooded”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

dṛḍha (दृढ).—a (S) Firm, solid, compact, hard, dense, lit. fig. 2 Confirmed, ratified, established. 3 Mature--a deliberation: settled or fixed--a resolution. 4 In the general sense of Firm, tenacious, fastholding, important compounds are common and others are framable at will. Ex. dṛḍhaniścaya or dṛḍha- nirdhāra or dṛḍhasaṅkalpa Firm of resolve or purpose; dṛḍha- prayatna Hard or enduring in exertion or endeavor; dṛḍhasaṅkēta, dṛḍhasandhāna -niyama -viśvāsa -vaira -niṣṭha -vrata -tapa- sakhya -prēma -bhakti -dhairya -vacana -anusandhāna -pātivratya-saubhāgya. Also in the literal sense of Firm or hard; as dṛḍhatanu, dṛḍhadēha, dṛḍhaśarīra, dṛḍhāṅga Of firm or compact body.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

dṛḍha (दृढ).—a Firm, solid, compact. Confirmed.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ).—a. [dṛṃh-kta ni° nalopaḥ]

1) Fixed, firm, strong, unswerving, untiring; असंगशस्त्रेण दृढेन छित्त्वा (asaṃgaśastreṇa dṛḍhena chittvā) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 15.3; दृढभक्तिः (dṛḍhabhaktiḥ) H.3.58; दृढव्रतम् (dṛḍhavratam) R.13.78.

2) Solid, massive.

3) Confirmed, established.

4) Steady, persevering; भजन्ते मां दृढव्रताः (bhajante māṃ dṛḍhavratāḥ) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 7.28.

5) Firmly fastened, shut fast.

6) Compact.

7) Tight, close, dense.

8) Strong, intense, great, excessive, mighty, severe, powerful; तस्याः करि- ष्यामि दृढानुतापम् (tasyāḥ kari- ṣyāmi dṛḍhānutāpam) Kumārasambhava 3.8; R.11.46.

9) Tough.

1) Difficult to be drawn or bent (as a bow); दृढस्य धनुष आयमनम् (dṛḍhasya dhanuṣa āyamanam) Ch. Up.1.3.5.

11) Durable.

12) Reliable.

13) Certain, sure.

14) Hard-hearted, cruel; Uttararāmacarita 4.

15) Secure.

16) (In Math.) Reduced to the smallest number by a common divisor.

-ḍham 1 Iron.

2) A stronghold, fortress.

3) Excess, abundance, high degree

4) Anything fixed or firm or solid.

-ḍham ind.

1) Firmly, fast.

2) Very much, excessively, vehemently.

3) Thoroughly.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Dṛḍhā (दृढा).—name of an (or, the) earth-goddess (pṛthivīde-vatā): Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra 1.8; 3.12; 85.1; 91.15; 121.1 ff. (here begins Chap. 10, entitled Dṛḍhā-parivarta).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ).—mfn.

(-ḍhaḥ-ḍhā-ḍhaṃ) 1. Much, exceeding; (in this sense it is also an adverb declinable in the neuter gender.) 2. Hard, firm. 3. Able, powerful. 4. Bulky, massive, solid. 5. Strong. 6. Confirmed. n.

(-ḍhaṃ) Iron. E. dṛh to increase, affix kta.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ).—see dṛṃh.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ).—(dṛ|a) [adjective] firm, strong, solid, durable, steady, sure, certain; [neuter] [adverb], as subst. anything firm or solid, [especially] stronghold, fortress.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Dṛḍha (दृढ):—[from dṛh] or mfn. (dṛḍha) fixed, firm, hard, strong, solid, massive, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.

2) [v.s. ...] firmly fastened, shut fast, tight, close (e.g. ship, [52, 5]; bonds, fetters, chains, [Hitopadeśa i, 67/68; Mṛcchakaṭikā vii, 6/7]; fist, [Mahābhārata iv, 1976])

3) [v.s. ...] whole, complete (opp. to bhinna), [Mahābhārata xiii, 7453]

4) [v.s. ...] difficult to be bent (bow, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad i, 3, 5])

5) [v.s. ...] steady, resolute, persevering, [Harivaṃśa; Kathāsaritsāgara]

6) [v.s. ...] confirmed, established, certain, sure, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

7) [v.s. ...] intense, violent, mighty, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

8) [v.s. ...] (in mathem.) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor

9) [v.s. ...] a or mfn. (dṛḍha) fixed, firm, hard, strong, solid, massive, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.

10) [v.s. ...] firmly fastened, shut fast, tight, close (e.g. ship, [52, 5]; bonds, fetters, chains, [Hitopadeśa i, 67/68; Mṛcchakaṭikā vii, 6/7]; fist, [Mahābhārata iv, 1976])

11) [v.s. ...] whole, complete (opp. to bhinna), [Mahābhārata xiii, 7453]

12) [v.s. ...] difficult to be bent (bow, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad i, 3, 5])

13) [v.s. ...] steady, resolute, persevering, [Harivaṃśa; Kathāsaritsāgara]

14) [v.s. ...] confirmed, established, certain, sure, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

15) [v.s. ...] intense, violent, mighty, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

16) [v.s. ...] (in mathem.) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor

17) [v.s. ...] m. (in music) a kind of Rūpaka

18) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of the 13th Manu, [Harivaṃśa]

19) [v.s. ...] of a son of Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, [Mahābhārata vii]

20) Dṛḍhā (दृढा):—[from dṛḍha > dṛh] f. Name of a, [Buddhist literature] goddess

21) Dṛḍha (दृढ):—[from dṛh] n. anything fixed or firm or solid

22) [v.s. ...] stronghold, fortress, [Ṛg-veda] etc.

23) [v.s. ...] iron, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

24) b See under √dṛṃh etc.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ):—[(ḍhaḥ-ḍhā-ḍhaṃ) a.] Hard, firm; able; strong, bulky; much. n. Iron.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Dṛḍha (दृढ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Daḍha.

[Sanskrit to German]

Dridha in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ):—(a) firm, resolute, strong-willed; strong; tough; hard; rigid, tenacious; ~[cetā] strong-willed, resolute; ~[niścaya] determined, firm. of unbending resolution/firm determination; ~[pratijña/vrata] upholding one’s pledge, true to one’s word; ~[saṃkalpa] resolute, determined.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Dṛḍha (ದೃಢ):—

1) [adjective] firmly established.

2) [adjective] strong; robust; sturdy.

3) [adjective] not changing; not wavering; firm; stable; fixed; constant.

4) [adjective] resistant to pressure; hard.

5) [adjective] determined; resolved; decided.

6) [adjective] having, showing or prompted by strong emotion; intense.

7) [adjective] being too much or too great; excessive.

--- OR ---

Dṛḍha (ದೃಢ):—

1) [noun] anything that is hard or strong.

2) [noun] the quality or fact of being stable; stability.

3) [noun] the quality or condition of being dense; density; thickness; compactness.

4) [noun] determination; decision; firmness of the mind.

5) [noun] the quality or fact of being hard, harsh; hardness.

6) [noun] the fact; truth.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Dṛḍha (दृढ):—adj. 1. fixed; strong; firm; 2. strong (of physique) tight (as a knot); 3. fixed; stable (a decision. intention. opinion. etc.); 4. durable; lasting long;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

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