Dhruvaka: 13 definitions
Introduction:
Dhruvaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक).—A warrior of Subrahmaṇya. (Mahābhārata Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Stanza 75).
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.60) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Dhruvaka) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक) is the name of a catuṣpadi metre (as popularly employed by the Apabhraṃśa bards), as discussed in books such as the Chandonuśāsana, Kavidarpaṇa, Vṛttajātisamuccaya and Svayambhūchandas.—Dhruvaka has 9 mātrās in each of its four lines, divided into the groups of 5 and 4 mātrās.
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Dhruvakā (ध्रुवका) refers to one of eight varieties of the Deśī type of Kriyās (“dance-action”), according to the Dattilakohalīyam, one of the works ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—The concept of kriyā is explained, giving the two classes namely saśabda and niśśabda along with their varieties and the manifestation of these kriyās. [...] The deśī-kriyās have been enumerated after this. [e.g., dhruvakā].
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक) refers to an “introductory verse”, according to chapter 1.2 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism. Accordingly, “[...] After reciting a hymn of praise delightful with various dhruvakas, ślokas, utsāhas and skandhakas also, with galitas, vastuvadanas, and prose, the Indra of Acyuta with, his gods slowly emptied the pitchers over the Lord of the World. Being turned over the Master’s head, the water-pitchers shone like rain-clouds over the peak of Sumeru”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
dhruvaka (ध्रुवक).—m S The numbers set down at first as the groundwork of certain calculations to determine a tithi, graha &c.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक).—
1) The introductory stanza of a song (repeated as a sort of chorus); see ध्रुव (dhruva).
2) A trunk, stem.
3) A post.
4) Polar longitude.
Derivable forms: dhruvakaḥ (ध्रुवकः).
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1. The trunk of a lopped tree. 2. Longitude. f.
(-kā) The introductory stanza and burden of a song: see dhruvā E. kan added to the preceding.
1) Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक):—[from dhruva] m. the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars, [Sūryasiddhānta]
2) [v.s. ...] post, pale, stake, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] (in music) = dhruvā f.
4) [v.s. ...] Name of an attendant of Skanda, [Mahābhārata]
5) Dhruvakā (ध्रुवका):—[from dhruvaka > dhruva] f. (in music) = dhruvā f. (cf. dhuvakā)
6) [v.s. ...] Name of a woman [gana] bāhv-ādi.
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. The trunk of a tree; longitude. f. The chorus.
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक):—(von dhruva) gaṇa picchādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 2, 100.]
1) m. polar longitude (= dhruva) [Sūryasiddhānta 8, 12. 15.] —
2) m. Baumstumpf (= dhruva) [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1122.] —
3) m. der Eingangsvers eines Gesanges, der später immer wiederholt wird (= dhruva, dhruvā) [SAM̃GĪTADĀM. im Śabdakalpadruma] —
4) m. Nomen proprium eines Wesens im Gefolge von Skanda [Mahābhārata 9, 2567.] —
5) f. dhruvakā gaṇa kṣipakādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 7, 3, 45, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 6.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 4, 6.] gaṇa prekṣādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 2, 80.] = dhruvaka [3] und saṃjñā [Uṇādikoṣa im Śabdakalpadruma] Nomen proprium eines Frauenzimmers gaṇa bāhvādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 96.] — Vgl. dhuvakā .
--- OR ---
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक):—
1) lies (die unveränderliche) Länge (der Fixsterne) [GAṆITĀDHY.,] [BHAGRAHAYUTI 3.] —
2) Pfosten [Halāyudha 2, 296.]
Dhruvaka (ध्रुवक):——
1) m. — a) die (unveränderliche) Länge (der Fixsterne). — b) *Pfosten , Pfahl. — c) = dhruva 4)k). — d) Nomen proprium eines Wesens im Gefolge Skanda's. —
2) *f. ā — a) = dhruva 4)k). — b) Nomen proprium einer Frau.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Dhruvaka (ಧ್ರುವಕ):—[noun] = ಧ್ರುವ [dhruva]2 - 8.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Dhruvakabhaga.
Full-text (+7): Dhruvakabhaga, Dhrauvaki, Dhruvakin, Dhruvakila, Dhuvaka, Jayamangala, Kuntala, Jayin, Tilaka, Kumuda, Turuvakam, Maladhruvaka, Jayanta, Ragadadhruvaka, Taradhruvaka, Sloka, Pavanadhruvaka, Deshikriya, Skandhaka, Vastuvadana.
Relevant text
Search found 8 books and stories containing Dhruvaka, Dhruvakā; (plurals include: Dhruvakas, Dhruvakās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Indian Astronomy (a source book) (by B. V. Subbarayappa)
Chapter 18 - Heliacal rising and setting of Planets (graha-asta-udaya)
Chapter 12 - Stars and Asterisms (naksatra)
Chapter 20 - Conjunction of Stars and Planets (graha-naksatra-yuti)
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Part 3.4-5 - Structure and Contents of the Tālalakṣaṇam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Kohala and Gītā (13): The concept of Tāla < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 2.2 - Contents of Dattilakohalīyam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Brahmasphutasiddhanta by Brahmagupta (Introduction) (by Acharyavara Ram Swarup Sharma)
Part 5 - How to Observe Places of Stars < [Chapter 13 - Brahmagupta and Astronomical Instruments]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 4: Birth ceremonies of Ṛṣabha < [Chapter II]
History of Science in South Asia
Mean and True Positions of Planets as Described in Gaṇitagannaḍi < [Vol. 9 (2021)]
Gaṇitagannaḍi - A Text of 1604 CE on Siddhāntic Astronomy in Kannaḍa < [Vol. 8 (2020)]