Codana, Codanā: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Codana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chodana.
In Hinduism
Shaiva philosophy
Codana (चोदन) refers to “injunctions (involving the rites of passage)”, according to Somānanda’s Śivadṛṣṭi verse 3.42cd–47.—Accordingly, “[...] But, if you say (in reply) that injunctions involving the rites of passage (saṃskāra-codana) for fire are explained in the (Śaiva) teachings, (we reply:) what is the goal of the (ritual) action (in question)? It is the action itself. There is no division of its [i.e., the fire’s] nature, here. It is the same for his [i.e., Śiva’s] abiding there [in the world]: that [i.e., the distinguishing of ‘pure’ from ‘impure’ elements in the world, or the distinction of that which is said to be Śiva and that which is said not to be] is conceived of merely as the assignation of names for the purpose of everyday speech/everyday activity”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Codanā (चोदना) refers to “injunctions”, according to Tantrālokaviveka commentary on the Tantrāloka verses 4.230ab-232ab.—Accordingly, “[...] So, if you properly consider the procedure of invalidation, then (you will realize that) no injunction (codanā) whatever loses reality. To explain: the rule that is the exception—by nature specific because it is (generally) void of any occasion (for application)—supersedes the general rule, which, being one that always has met with its occasion (for application), is by nature generally applicable. This is what those who know language say:—[‘Moreover, purity and impurity, which are generally enjoined, are simply superseded when a man knows reality. This is how it has been explained here (in the Mālinīvijayottara)’]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Codanā (चोदना) refers to “driving (an elephant)” (with the voice, feet or hook), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 12, “On the qualities of elephant drivers, etc.”]: “4. Hard for foes to conquer is an elephant driver who is clever at the ways of mounting and dismounting from elephants, at sitting by means of seats on the shoulders and the hind parts, at driving (codanā) them with the voice, feet, and hook [codanāsu vacasā pādāṅkuśābhyāmapi], at the methods of marching and running them in the streets and in the country, at turning them back and stopping them, and at fighting with hostile elephants”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Codana (चोदन) refers to “(wicked) objections” [?], according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 41).—Accordingly, “[The eighteen āveṇika-dharmas (‘special attributes’)]— [...] (8). The Buddha has no loss of exertion.—He has no loss of exertion.—[...] Moreover, in order to save beings, the Buddha gives up the happiness of his very deep concentration (gambhīrasamādhi) and he saves beings by means of all kinds of bodies (kāya), by all kinds of voices (vāc), by all kinds of means (upāya). Sometimes he borrows dangerous paths; sometimes he eats bad food; sometimes he suffers cold and heat (śītoṣṇa); sometimes he encounters wicked objections (codana—mithyācodana), harmful words (pāruṣyavāda) and curses. He endures them patiently without disgust. Although he has mastery (vaśita) over all dharmas, the Buddha accomplishes these things without producing laziness (kausīdya)”.
1) Codana (चोदन) [=Codanatā?] refers to “investigating (the faults of others)” [?], according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “Then, they [the twenty-four types of pratibhāna—‘eloquence’] are accomplished by means of the following twenty-four preparations (parikarma). What are the twenty-four? [...] (21) he becomes one who has faultless eloquence by not investigating the faults of others, by not blaming the faults of others (parāpatti-acodanatā), and by not examining faults; [...]”.
2) Codana (चोदन) refers to an “accusation”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā.—Accordingly, “[...] At that time, sixty koṭis of Bodhisattvas, having stood up from the congregation, joined their palms, paid homage to the Lord, and then uttered these verses in one voice: ‘[...] (225) They will employ killers and act within such way of behavior, but they will say ‘We do not do it at all’. (226) ‘We are ascetics [only in name], but do not have the qualities of ascetics’. Hearing the true accusation (codana), they will reject this Sūtra. [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
codanā : (f.) reproof; accusation; plaint.
Codanā, (f.) (see codeti) reproof, exhortation D.I, 230; III, 218; A.III, 352; Vin.V, 158, 159; Vism.276.—As ttg. in codan’atthe nipāto an exhortative particle J.VI, 211 (for iṅgha); VvA.237 (id.); PvA.88 v. l. (for handa). (Page 273)
1) codanā (စောဒနာ) [(thī) (ထီ)]—
[codanā+vatthu．kye.]
[စောဒနာ+ဝတ္ထု။ နောက်ပုဒ်ကျေ။]
2) codanā (စောဒနာ) [(thī) (ထီ)]—
[cuda+yu+ā．codīyate codanā,dosāropananti attho．vinayālaṅkāra,ṭi,2．162.]
[စုဒ+ယု+အာ။ စောဒီယတေ စောဒနာ၊ ဒေါသာရောပနန္တိ အတ္ထော။ ဝိနယာလင်္ကာရ၊ ဋိ၊ ၂။ ၁၆၂။]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) codanā—
(Burmese text): (၁) တောင်းခြင်း။ (၂) တိုက်တွန်း-နှိုးဆော်-စေခိုင်း-ခြင်း၊ အားထုတ်စေခြင်း။ (၃) စောဒနာခြင်း၊ စောကြောခြင်း။ (က) တုန်လှုပ်ခြောက်ခြားစေခြင်း၊ ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဆိုခြင်း။ မေးခြင်း။ (ခ) အပြစ်တင်ခြင်း၊ မေး-စိစစ်-ခြင်း။ (၄) ခွင့်ပြုခြင်း၊ ခွင့်ပေးခြင်း။ (တိ) (၅) မေးအပ်သော။ မူရင်းကြည့်ပါ။ စောဒနာဂါထာ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Requesting. (2) Persuading - urging - prompting - pushing, encouraging. (3) Anticipating, anticipating. (a) Causing agitation and fear, opposing. Questioning. (b) Accusing, questioning - investigating. (4) Granting permission, allowing. (c) (5) Being asked. Please refer to the original. Look at the anticipation.
2) codanā—
(Burmese text): စောဒနာဝတ္ထုမည်သော မြို့။
(Auto-Translation): The city called Sadanawadi.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Codana (चोदन).—a. [cud-bhāve lyuṭ] Driving, impelling.
-nam 1 The act of driving.
2) Invitation.
3) Order, rule, precept.
--- OR ---
Codanā (चोदना).—
1) Sending, directing, throwing.
2) Urging or driving onward; ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदना (jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā) Bg.
3) Prompting, inciting, encouraging, inspiration.
4) A precept, sacred commandment, scriptural injunction.
5) The category called अपूर्व (apūrva) (in pūrvamīmāṃsā); चोदनेत्यपूर्वं बूमः (codanetyapūrvaṃ būmaḥ) ŚB. on MS.7.1.7.
Codanā (चोदना).—(to next, q.v.; = Pali id.), accusation, reproof: bhūtāṃ codana saṃśrutya Śikṣāsamuccaya 47.4, hearing the true [Page234-b+ 33] accusation, and °nāṃ bhūtataḥ śrutvā 47.6 (both verses); mamaivārthaṃ codanā kriyate Divyāvadāna 4.4 (prose); -acodana- tā, state of not accusing (refernce lost).
Codanā (चोदना).—f.
(-nā) 1. A precept, a sacred ordinance or commandment. 2. Sending, commanding, directing, &c. 3. Enjoining, ordaining. 4. Casting, throwing. E. cud to command, &c. affixes yuc and ṭāp.
Codana (चोदन).—i. e. cud + ana, n. and f. nā. 1. Inciting, invitation, Mahābhārata 13, 41; [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 18, 18. 2. Command, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 35.
Codana (चोदन).—[adjective] = [preceding]; [feminine] ā & [neuter] impulse, summons, precept.
1) Codana (चोदन):—[from cud] mfn. impelling, [Atharva-veda vii, 116, 1] (cf. ṛṣi-, eka-, kīri-, brahma-, radhra-cod)
2) [v.s. ...] fn. impelling, invitation, direction, rule, precept, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xxix, 7; Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya; Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Lāṭyāyana; Manu-smṛti ii, etc.]
3) Codanā (चोदना):—[from codana > cud] f. reproof (as in Pāli), [Divyāvadāna i, 54]
Codanā (चोदना):—(nā) 1. f. Precept; a sending.
Codana (चोदन):—
--- OR ---
Codana (चोदन):—
3) [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 11, 12, 14. 18, 36.]
Codana (चोदन):——
1) Adj. antreibend. —
2) f. ā und n. das Treiben , Auffordern , Aufforderung , Anweisung , Forderung , Vorschrift [Śaṃkarācārya .zu.Bādarāyaṇa’s Brahmasūtra 3,3,1.] —
3) *f. ī eine best. Pflanze.
Codana (चोदन) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Coṇaa, Codaṇā, Coyaṇā.
Codanā (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 誨責 [huì zé]: “encouraging”.
2) 諫誨 [jiàn huì]: “impel”.
3) 難 [nán]: “difficult”; “hardship”; “troublesome”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Codanā (चोदना) [Also spelled chodana]:—(v) to copulate(with), (for a man) to have sexual intercourse.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Codaṇā (चोदणा) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Codanā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Cōdana (ಚೋದನ):—[noun] = ಚೋದನೆ [codane].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Yu, Ao, Yu, Vatthu, Codana, Cuda, Codanavatthu, A.
Starts with (+17): Codana Sutta, Codanaanuvijja, Codanabhava, Codanabheda, Codanacitikashthi, Codanadhippaya, Codanadhippayavibhavana, Codanadiasaruppa, Codanadivinicchaya, Codanagatha, Codanaguda, Codanakara, Codanakarana, Codanalakkhana, Codanalesa, Codanamukha, Codanamula, Codanapakkha, Codanapariharagatha, Codanapariharanaya.
Full-text (+83): Codanavatthu, Codanaguda, Karmacodana, Praticodana, Samcodana, Pracodana, Paticodana, Codana Sutta, Shruticodana, Kiricodana, Praticodanam, Codanabheda, Antolinacodana, Codanamukha, Thanacodana, Asambhavacodana, Codanabhava, Codanakara, Codanakarana, Codanapakkha.
Relevant text
Search found 38 books and stories containing Codana, Codanā, Codaṇā, Cōdaṇā, Cōdana, Codana-vatthu, Codanā-vatthu, Cuda-yu-a, Cuda-yu-ā; (plurals include: Codanas, Codanās, Codaṇās, Cōdaṇās, Cōdanas, vatthus, as, ās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka (by I. B. Horner)
Seeing a blameworthy person < [2. Observance (Uposatha)]
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Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 126 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
The Gita’s Ethics (A Critical Study) (by Arpita Chakraborty)
1. Origin of Indian Ethics < [Chapter 1 - Indian Ethics]
1. Introduction (The Nature of Dharma) < [Chapter 3 - Constituents of Moral Action: Dharma]
Mimamsa interpretation of Vedic Injunctions (Vidhi) (by Shreebas Debnath)