Chala: 16 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Chala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chhala.
Ambiguity: Although Chala has separate glossary definitions below, it also represents an alternative spelling of the Sanskrit word Cala. It further has the optional forms Chalā and Chāla.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraChala (छल, “deception”) refers to one of the thirteen types of vīthi, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 20. Vīthi represents one of the daśarūpa or, “ten kinds of dramatic plays”, which are said to have originated from the various styles (vṛtti), discussed in chapter 22 of the same work.
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraChala (छल).—One of the thirteen types of vīthi;—When after alluring one by replies, something opposite is done through those very replies being considered meaningless, it is an instance of Deception (chala).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: NyāyaChala (छल) refers to “quibbling”. It is one of the sixteen categories of discussion (padārtha) according to the doctrine of the Nyāya-sūtras by Akṣapāda. The sixteen padārthas represent a method of intellectual analysis and categorize everything that is knowable and nameable.
Source: Shodhganga: A study of Nyāya-vaiśeṣika categoriesChala (छल, “quibbling”) refers to the fourteenth of the sixteen padārthas (“categories”) in the first chapter of Gautama’s Nyāyasūtra (2nd century CE). Chala is a kind of playing upon words, ideas and metaphors. One says a sentence in a certain meaning, but the opponent changes the meaning of the sentence to show it as fallacious. It is known as chala. Gautama says that chala is the opposition to a statement by the assumption of an alternative meaning.
Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: WikiPedia: HinduismChala (चल): A Kaurava warrior.
India history and geogprahy
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryChala.—(IE 8-8), meaning uncertain; probably, a pretext. (EI 30), probably, a plea, or persecution, prosecution. Note: chala is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarychala (छल).—m n (S) Disguise; an assumed form; a counterfeit appearance. 2 A sham, pretence, feint. 3 Teasing, harassing, annoying. 4 Fraud, trickery, circumvention.
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chaḷa (छळ).—m (chala S) Teasing, tormenting, harassing, persecuting. 2 Confounded with chala q. v. chaḷīṃ chaḷaṇēṃ To torment.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishchala (छल).—m n Disguise. A pretence. Fraud. Teasing.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryChala (छल).—[chal-ac]
1) Fraud, trick, deceit, deception; विद्महे शठ पलायनच्छलानि (vidmahe śaṭha palāyanacchalāni) R.19.31; छलमत्र न गृह्यते (chalamatra na gṛhyate) Mk. 9.18; Y.1.61; Ms.8.49,187; Amaru.16; Śi.13.11.
2) Roguery, knavery.
3) A plea, pretext, guise, semblance (often used in this sense to denote an utprekṣā); असुरक्षाहि बहुच्छलाः श्रियः (asurakṣāhi bahucchalāḥ śriyaḥ) Ki.2.39; परिखावलयच्छलेन या न परेषां ग्रहणस्य गोचरा (parikhāvalayacchalena yā na pareṣāṃ grahaṇasya gocarā) N.2.95; प्रत्यर्प्य पूजामुपदाच्छलेन (pratyarpya pūjāmupadācchalena) R.7.3; 6.54;16.28; Bk.1.1; Amaru.15; Māl.9.1.
4) Intention.
5) Wickedness.
6) A family.
7) Design, device.
8) Fiction, circumvention.
9) Deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words; विधर्मः परधर्मश्च आभास उपमा छलः । अधर्मशाखाः पञ्चेमा धर्मज्ञोऽधर्मवत् त्यजेत् (vidharmaḥ paradharmaśca ābhāsa upamā chalaḥ | adharmaśākhāḥ pañcemā dharmajño'dharmavat tyajet) Bhāg.7.15.12.
1) Difficult subject; ब्रह्म हि प्रचुरच्छलम् (brahma hi pracuracchalam) Mb.12.328.6.
Derivable forms: chalaḥ (छलः), chalam (छलम्).
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Chāla (छाल).—Bark; a bark-garment.
Derivable forms: chālaḥ (छालः), chālam (छालम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryChala (छल).—n.
(-laṃ) 1. Wickedness. 2. Fraud, circumvention, trick, stratagem. 3. Design, device. E. chala to cut, alac affix, and the radical finai rejected.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryChala (छल).— (cf. vb. skhal), 1. Fraud, [Rāmāyaṇa] 4, 57, 10. 2. Artful management, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 49. 3. Pretext, [Śiśupālavadha] 9, 48. 4. Intention, Mārk. P. 25, 10.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryChala (छल).—[neuter] ([masculine]) fraud, deceit, pretence, delusion, appearance, fiction. °— & [instrumental] with fraud, deceitfully; chalatas under the disguise of (—°).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Chala (छल):—[from chal] n. (√skhal) (exceptionally m., [Bhāgavata-purāṇa vii, 15, 12]; [gana] ardharcādi) fraud, deceit, sham, guise, pretence, delusion, semblance, fiction, feint, trick, fallacy (often ifc., e.g. upadā-chalena, ‘under pretence of gifts of honour’ id est. with feigned gifts, [Raghuvaṃśa vii, 27]; rajaś-chalena, ‘under the semblance of dust’, [xvi, 28]; See kanyakā-, dharma-, vāk-), [Manu-smṛti viii, 49 and] (a-cch, [negative]), [187; Mahābhārata] etc. (ifc. f(ā). , [Kathāsaritsāgara lxii, 164])
2) [v.s. ...] deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words, [Nyāyasūtra i, 51 ff.; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
3) [v.s. ...] wickedness, [Horace H. Wilson]; for sthala, [Mahābhārata xiii. 7257]
4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a son of Dala, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa iv, 4, 47];
5) Chalā (छला):—[from chala > chal] f. ifc. in names of several treatises or chapters belonging to, [Sāma-veda] (e.g. -ūha-, ūhya-, etc., qq.vv.)
6) Chāla (छाल):—m. ([gana] ardharcādi, not in [Kāśikā-vṛtti] and, [Gaṇaratna-mahodadhi]) Cyprinus Rohita, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+48): Calalinga, Chalabhijatiya Sutta, Chalabhinna, Chalachabila, Chalachala, Chalachanchu, Chalachchhika, Chalachchhikha, Chalachitta, Chalachittata, Chaladala, Chaladanga, Chaladvisha, Chaladyuta, Chalaja, Chalajjvala, Chalaka, Chalakalpa, Chalakalpaka, Chalakaraka.
Ends with (+124): Acchala, Achala, Achalachala, Addachala, Adhikaranavichala, Agnichala, Akutachala, Anchala, Aparapanchala, Apicchala, Archala, Arunachala, Ashtakulachala, Astachala, Avichachala, Bahicchala, Bahucchala, Bhumichala, Brahmasuvarchala, Brahmasuvarchchala.
Full-text (+19): Chalana, Vakchala, Kathachala, Chalikya, Chalata, Chalakaraka, Chalaja, Chaladyuta, Chalakarin, Chalapata, Chalokti, Chalavac, Chalin, Chalaksharasutra, Dvatrimshakchalabhanjika, Brihakchala, Dvatrimshacchalabhanjika, Kanyakacchala, Samanyacchala, Chalayat.
Relevant text
Search found 22 books and stories containing Chala, Chaḷa, Chalā, Chāla; (plurals include: Chalas, Chaḷas, Chalās, Chālas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 2 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 13 - Logical Speculations and Terms relating to Academic Dispute < [Chapter XIII - Speculations in the Medical Schools]
Part 14 - Did Logic Originate in the Discussions of Āyurveda Physicians < [Chapter XIII - Speculations in the Medical Schools]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)
Text 23 < [Chapter 4 - Caturtha-yāma-sādhana (Madhyāhna-kālīya-bhajana–ruci-bhajana)]
Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang) (by Samuel Beal)
Chapter 13 - Country of ’O-hi-chi-ta-lo (Ahikshetra) < [Book IV - Fifteen Countries]
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
Dialectical terms (22): Quibble (chala) < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]
Fundamental Categories (padārtha or tattva) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 1 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 20 - The necessity of the Acquirement of debating devices for the seeker of Salvation < [Chapter VIII - The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
Part 6 - Caraka, Nyāya sūtras and Vaiśeṣika sūtras < [Chapter VIII - The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
Part 5 - Philosophy in the Nyāya sūtras < [Chapter VIII - The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter V - Creation of the Prajapatis < [Agastya Samhita]