Caturanga, Caturaṅga, Catur-anga, Caturamga: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Caturanga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chaturanga.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—A king of the Aṅga dynasty. He was the son of Hemapāda and father of Pṛthulākṣa. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 277).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—The son of R(L)omapāda—Daśaratha (Citra-ratha, Viṣṇu-purāṇa), and father of Pṛthulākṣa (Pṛthālaśva, Vāyu-purāṇa.) through the grace of Ṛṣyaśṛnga.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 10; Matsya-purāṇa 48. 95; Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 104-5. Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 18. 18-19.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग) or Caturaṅgabala refers to “four kinds of troops”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, after the exposition of the dharma, ‘A Chapter of the Collection of Dharma’ (dharmasaṃgraha), was taught: “[...] When this teaching was taught and verses were accomplished, the wicked Māra, having magically created four kinds of troops (caturaṅga-balakāya), came to the courtyard where the Lord stayed with them, stationed them on the outside of the courtyard, disguised himself as a householder, went in front of the Lord, and bowed down at his feet, saying: ‘[...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryCaturaṅga.—(EI 2), a complete army. Note: caturaṅga is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycaturaṅga (चतुरंग).—a (S) Having the four arms or powers (elephants, cavalry, chariots, infantry)--an army.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcaturaṅga (चतुरंग).—a Having the four arms or powers (elephants, cavalry, chariots and infantry)-an army.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—a. having 4 members, quadripartite. (-ṅm) 1 a complete army consisting of elephants, chariots, cavalry and infantry; चतुरङ्गसमायुक्तं मया सह च तं नय (caturaṅgasamāyuktaṃ mayā saha ca taṃ naya) Rām.1.2. 1; एको हि खञ्जनवरो नलिनीदलस्थो दृष्टः करोति चतुरङ्गबलाधिपत्यम् (eko hi khañjanavaro nalinīdalastho dṛṣṭaḥ karoti caturaṅgabalādhipatyam) Ś. Til.4; चतुरङ्गबलो राजा जगतीं वशमानयेत् । अहं पञ्चाङ्गबलवाना- काशं वशमानये (caturaṅgabalo rājā jagatīṃ vaśamānayet | ahaṃ pañcāṅgabalavānā- kāśaṃ vaśamānaye) || Subhāṣ.
2) a sort of chess.
Caturaṅga is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms catur and aṅga (अङ्ग).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—[, m. (otherwise epithet of an army, having the four parts), having a fourfold (army), epithet of a cakra- vartin: Lalitavistara 101.13; 136.16 (both prose); but in the same cliché Mahāvastu has cātu(r)dvīpa, q.v., and Pali cāturanta, Dīghanikāya (Pali) i.88.33; our word is a malformation; Tibetan mthaḥ bzhi las (rnam par rgyal ba) suggests cāturanta-(-viji- tavant), [compound], as the true reading; or possibly cāturantaṃ (see this) vijit°. See vijitavant.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—n.
(-ṅgaṃ) 1. An entire army, comprising elephants, cars, horse and foot. 2. A sort of chess. E. catur, and aṅga a member. catvāri aṅgāni yasya.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—I. adj. consisting of four parts; with bala, a complete army, consisting of chariots, elephants, horse, and foot. Ii. n. 1. a complete army. 2. chess.
Caturaṅga is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms catur and aṅga (अङ्ग).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग).—[adjective] consisting of four members or parts; [neuter] (±bala) a complete army (infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots); [feminine] ā the same, a sort of chess.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Caturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग):—[=catur-aṅga] [from catur > catasṛ] mfn. (cat) having 4 limbs (or extremities), [Ṛg-veda x, 92, 11; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa xii]
2) [v.s. ...] (with bala, an army) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry, [Mahābhārata iii, 790; Rāmāyaṇa ii, 51, 7]
3) [v.s. ...] m. Cucumis utilissimus (?), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of Romaor Loma-pāda, [Harivaṃśa 1697 f.; Bhāgavata-purāṇa ix, 23, 10]
5) [v.s. ...] n. ([scilicet] bala) = ṅga-bala, [Atharva-veda.Pariś.; Mahābhārata ix, 446]
6) [v.s. ...] a kind of chess (played by 4 parties), [Tithyāditya]
7) Caturaṅgā (चतुरङ्गा):—[=catur-aṅgā] [from catur-aṅga > catur > catasṛ] f. ([scilicet] senā) = ṅga-bala, [Atharva-veda.Pariś.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग):—[catura-ṅga] (ṅgaḥ) 1. m. An entire army having elephants, cars, horses. and foot; a sort of chess.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Caturaṅga (चतुरङ्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Cauraṃga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryCaturaṅga (consisting of) four limbs or divisions, fourfold M. I, 77; J. I, 390; II, 190, 192; VI, 169 (uposatha, cp. aṭṭhaṅga); Dpvs. I, 6; Sdhp. 64;
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCaturaṃga (ಚತುರಂಗ):—
1) [noun] anything that has or made of four members, divisions, sections, etc.
2) [noun] a complete army consisting of the four divisions elephants, chariots, cavalry and infantry.
3) [noun] a game of skill played by two players on a chessboard, each with 16 pieces limited in movement according to kind, the object being to checkmate the opponenṭs king; chess.
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Cāturaṃga (ಚಾತುರಂಗ):—[noun] an army having four divisions-elephant-troop, troop mounted on horses, troop using chariots, and foot-soldiers.
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Cāturaṃga (ಚಾತುರಂಗ):—[noun] a kind of precious gem; (?).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Catur, Nga, Catura, Anga.
Starts with: Caturangabala, Caturangabaladhipatya, Caturangabaladhyaksha, Caturangadandasana, Caturangaka, Caturangakrida, Caturangakridana, Caturangasainya, Caturangavala, Caturangavilasamanimanjari, Caturangavinoda.
Ends with: Hariharacaturanga, Harihayacaturanga.
Full-text (+22): Caturangabala, Caturangin, Caturangasainya, Kakakashtha, Nripakrishta, Prithulaksha, Caturaji, Brihonauka, Naukakrishta, Caturangavinoda, Caturangakrida, Caturangabaladhipatya, Caturangabaladhyaksha, Prithulashva, Nauka, Caturangavala, Sataranga, Dasharathi, Cauranga, Satranga.
Relevant text
Search found 20 books and stories containing Caturanga, Catus-aṅga, Catur-aṅga, Catus-anga, Caturaṅga, Catur-anga, Caturaṅgā, Catur-aṅgā, Catura-nga, Catura-ṅga, Caturamga, Caturaṃga, Cāturaṃga, Cāturaṅga; (plurals include: Caturangas, aṅgas, angas, Caturaṅgas, Caturaṅgās, aṅgās, ngas, ṅgas, Caturamgas, Caturaṃgas, Cāturaṃgas, Cāturaṅgas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
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