Catuhshala, Catuśśāla, Catuḥśāla, Catuḥśālā, Catussala, Catushshala, Catusala, Catur-shala, Catu-sala: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Catuhshala means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Catuśśāla and Catuḥśāla and Catuḥśālā can be transliterated into English as Catussala or Catushshala or Catuhsala or Catuhshala, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Chatushshala.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Catuśśāla (चतुश्शाल).—Also Sarvatobhadra [sarvatobhadram]; description of.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 253. 51; 254. 1-4.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल) refers to “house with four main buildings §§ 3.32; 4.40; 5.9.10.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Catuśśāla (चतुश्शाल) means Indian courtyard building, typically a rectangular structure where four halls are joined together with a central yard, which is open to the sky.—“Nālukettu” is the Malayalam version of the Sanskrit word Catuśśāla.
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल) refers to a “four-roomed residence”, according to the Devyāmata (chapter 105).—Accordingly, [while describing the construction of residence for initiates]—“[...] The residence for the initiates should be built not too far from water. Initiates should live in a fine, unpolluted place. The residence should have one, two, or three rooms. Or a four-roomed residence (catuḥśāla-gṛha) should be built, according to funding. A pleasing hiraṇyanābha or sukṣetra may be built”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Catuśśālā (चतुश्शाला) refers to one of the various housing types described in the Kāmikāgama: an ancient Śaiva Āgama scripture in 12,000 Sanskrit verses dating to at least the 5th century and represented as an encyclopedic account of ritual instructions (kriyāpāda).—In modern print editions, the Kāmika-āgama is structured in two major parts. The Pūrvabhāga consists of 75 chapters (paṭalas) [...] In Chapters 35 to 48, we also find an account of construction and architectural practices but with a particular focus on housing and civil buildings. [...] Chapters 36 to 44 detail characteristics of various housing types according to how many constituent buildings they comprise (e.g., catuśśālāsarvatobhadralakṣaṇa), according to their architectural design, and according to their intended occupants (elephant stables, etc.,).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
A quadrangular hall, forming a part of the Mahavihara and serving as a refectory for the monks. It was erected on one of the spots where the earth trembled when sprinkled with flowers by Mahinda. Mahinda declared that in the time of the three previous Buddhas gifts, brought from all parts of the Island, were collected there and offered to the Buddhas and their followers (Mhv.xv.47ff). It is not known who built the hall, but it was restored by Vasabha (Mhv.xxxv.88). The Mahavamsa Tika says (p.307) that earth from under the lintel of the Catussala was used to make the vessels in which were placed the utensils employed in the coronation ceremony of the kings of Ceylon.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
India history and geography
Catuḥ-śāla or Catuḥ-śālā.—(EI 20; SITI), a cloister. (SITI), a meeting hall; see catuś-śālā. (EI 24), same as catur-ālaya. Note: catuḥ-śāla is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल).—(catuḥśālam, catuśśālam, catuḥśālī, catuśśālī) a square of four buildings, a quadrangle enclosed by four buildings; अलं चतु शालमिमं प्रवेश्य (alaṃ catu śālamimaṃ praveśya) Mṛcchakaṭika 3.7; देवीनां चतुःशालमिदम् (devīnāṃ catuḥśālamidam) Pratimā 6.
Derivable forms: catuḥśālam (चतुःशालम्).
Catuḥśāla is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms catur and śāla (शाल).
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल).—nf.
(-laṃ-lā) A square formed by four houses. E. catur four, śālā a hall or house: the compound takes the neuter gender or the feminine, with ṭāp affix; also with kan added catuḥśālaka catasṛṇāṃ śālānāṃ samāhāraḥ .
Catuśśālā (चतुश्शाला).—f.
(-lā) A square of four houses, or a court enclosed by four buildings. E. catur, and śālā a hall.
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल).—I. adj. possessing four halls, [Pañcatantra] 252, 17. Ii. n. a square formed by four houses, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 23, 10.
Catuḥśāla is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms catur and śāla (शाल).
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल).—[adjective] containing four halls; [masculine] such a building.
1) Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल):—[=catuḥ-śāla] [from catuḥ > catasṛ] mfn. having 4 halls, [Mahābhārata i, iii; Pañcatantra; Matsya-purāṇa; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a building with 4 halls, [Rāmāyaṇa ii f.; Mṛcchakaṭikā iii, 7; Rājataraṅgiṇī iii, 13.]
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल):—[(laṃ-lā)] 1. n. f. A square formed by four houses.
Catuśśālā (चतुश्शाला):—[catu-śśālā] (lā) 1. f. A square of four houses, square court-yard.
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल):—(ca + śālā) adj. mit 4 Hallen versehen; im Quarré erbaut: gṛha [Mahābhārata 1, 5722.] [Pañcatantra 252, 17.] saudha [Mahābhārata 3, 14004.] maṭha [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 195.] n. ein durch 4 Häuser gebildetes Quarré [Amarakoṣa 2, 2, 6.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 992.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 91, 32. 3, 23, 10.] [Mṛcchakaṭikā 46, 2.] vihāraṃ sacatuḥśālam [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 13.] śālaka n. dass. [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] [Mṛcchakaṭikā 46, 20.]
--- OR ---
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल):—adj. vier Stuben enthaltend [Oxforder Handschriften 42,b,39.] n. [Halāyudha.2,137.] [Matsyapurāṇa 241,1] (nach [AUFRECHT]).
Catuḥśāla (चतुःशाल):——
1) Adj. vier Hallen oder Stuben enthaltend. —
2) m. ([Mṛcchakaṭika 46,2]) ein vierhalliges Gebäude.
Catuśśālā (चतुश्शाला) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Cāussālā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Pali-English dictionary
1) catussāla (စတုဿာလ) [(na,thī) (န၊ထီ)]—
[catu+sālā]
[စတု+သာလာ]
2) catusāla (စတုသာလ) [(na,thī) (န၊ထီ)]—
[catu+sālā]
[စတု+သာလာ]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) catussāla—
(Burmese text): (၁) ၄-ဆောင်သော ကျောင်း၊ ကျောင်း ၄-ဆောင်။ (ထီ) (၂) ၄-မျက်နှာတို့၌ ဆက်ထားသော ကျောင်း၊ ၄-ဆောင်တွဲကျောင်း။ (၃) မုခ်ထွက် ၄-မျက်နှာတို့,ယှဉ်သော ကျောင်း၊ မုခ်ထွက် ၄-မျက်နှာရှိသော ကျောင်း။ စတုသာလဒွါရ,စတုသာလဘတ္တ-တို့ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) 4-sided schools, 4-sided school. (2) Schools connected on 4 sides, 4-sided paired schools. (3) Schools with 4-sided corners, comparative schools, schools with 4-sided corners. Look at the square tables, square level tables.
2) catusāla—
(Burmese text): (၁) ၄-ဆောင်သော ကျောင်း၊ ကျောင်း ၄-ဆောင်။ (ထီ) (၂) ၄-မျက်နှာတို့၌ ဆက်ထားသော ကျောင်း၊ ၄-ဆောင်တွဲကျောင်း။ (၃) မုခ်ထွက် ၄-မျက်နှာတို့,ယှဉ်သော ကျောင်း၊ မုခ်ထွက် ၄-မျက်နှာရှိသော ကျောင်း။ စတုသာလဒွါရ,စတုသာလဘတ္တ-တို့ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) School with 4 levels, 4-level school. (2) School connected with 4 faces, 4-face combined school. (3) School with 4 faces emerging, comparing school, school with emerging 4 faces. Watch the tetragonal balance, the tetragonal axis.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Catuh, Sa la, Shala, Hala, Catur, Cala.
Starts with (+0): Catuhshalaka.
Full-text (+274): Catussalabhatta, Catusalaajjhokasa, Mahacatussala, Catusaladimajjhagata, Bhojana-catuhshala, Catusaladvara, Catush-shala, Caussala, Ambadi, Kammatathillam, Kunnathara Valiyaveedu, Thevara Madam, Kunnath Illam, Alambati Illam, Alambati Natuvumthoti Illam, Echikkanath Chirakkara Tharavad, Kalyanath Bhavanam, Keekkamkottu Kizhakkillam, Keekkamkottu Padinjareillam, Keekkamkottu Puthiyillam.
Relevant text
Search found 19 books and stories containing Catuhshala, Catussāla, Catuśśāla, Catuḥ-śālā, Catuḥśāla, Catuh-sala, Catuḥ-śālā, Catuhsala, Catur-sala, Catuh-shala, Catuḥ-śāla, Catuśśālā, Catur-śāla, Catu-sālā, Catuḥśālā, Catussala, Catushshala, Catusala, Catur-shala, Catu-sala, Catusāla, Catussālā; (plurals include: Catuhshalas, Catussālas, Catuśśālas, śālās, Catuḥśālas, salas, Catuhsalas, shalas, śālas, Catuśśālās, sālās, Catuḥśālās, Catussalas, Catushshalas, Catusalas, Catusālas, Catussālās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture) (by D. N. Shukla)
Chapter 4 - Śālā-houses < [Volume 3 - House Architecture]
(v,2) Vāstu in Epic literature < [Chapter 4 - An outline History of Hindu Architecture]
Chapter 5 - Planning of Śālās: The House Plans and Building Byelaws < [Volume 3 - House Architecture]
Matsya Purana (critical study) (by Kushal Kalita)
Part 2.1 - Measurement of Buildings < [Chapter 7 - Art and Architecture in the Matsyapurāṇa]
Mayamata and Building Construction (study) (by Ripan Ghosh)
Part 7.7 - Catuḥśālā-vidhāna (Houses comprising with four main buildings) < [Chapter 5 - Core Construction of the Building]
Part 8.8 - Arrangement of Annālaya and others < [Chapter 5 - Core Construction of the Building]
Part 7.1 - Meaning of Śālā (House) < [Chapter 5 - Core Construction of the Building]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Arts in the Puranas (study) (by Meena Devadatta Jeste)
11. Residential architecture < [Chapter 3 - Architecture in the Puranas]
Architectural data in the Puranas (by Sharda Devi)
Height of Building < [Chapter 6 - Houses]
Application of Vastupurusha-mandala in Palace architecture < [Chapter 5 - Palace architecture]