Carama, Cara-a-ma, Caramã, Carāma: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Carama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Charama.
In Hinduism
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: INSA Digital Repository: Determination of Ascensional Difference in the LagnaprakaranaCarama (चरम) refers to the “maximum (ascensional difference)”, according to verse 21 of the Lagnaprakaraṇa (lit. “treatise for the computation of the ascendant), an astronomical work in eight chapters dealing with the determination of the ascendant (udayalagna or orient ecliptic point).—Accordingly, “The square-root taken from—the square of the Rsine [of the Sun’s longitude] decreased by the square of [the Rsine of] the declination corresponding to the longitude—is the koṭi of this [declination] itself. Or, the last day-radius multiplied by the Rsine [of the Sun’s longitude] and divided by the radius is the koṭi corresponding to this declination. Here, [scholars] state the square root taken from—its square increased by the square of the Rcosine [of the Sun’s longitude]—to be the day-radius. The koṭi of the desired declination multiplied by the maximum ascensional difference (carama-cara) and divided by the day-radius is the Rsine of the ascensional difference”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsCarama (चरम) refers to the “ultimate (aim of a man)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “If it is exceedingly desired to avoid descending into hell or solely to obtain the great power of the lord of the 30 gods, if the ultimate aim of a man (carama-pumartha) is desirable, then, pray, what else is to be spoken of? You must perform the doctrine. [Thus ends the reflection on] the doctrine”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Carama in Brazil is the name of a plant defined with Ryania speciosa in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Patrisia chocoensis Triana & Planch. (among others).
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycarama (चरम).—a (S) Last, ultimate, final. caramakāla The last time or moment, esp. the hour of death; carama- kōṭi The last resource; caramāvayava The last or concluding part; caramāvasthā The last stage or state; caramagati Final emancipation.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcarama (चरम).—a Last, ultimate, final. carama kāla The last time or moment, esp. the hour of death. caramāvasthā The last stage or state. carama gati Final emancipation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCarama (चरम).—a. [car-amac Uṇādi-sūtra 5.69]
1) Last, ultimate, final; चरमा क्रिया (caramā kriyā) 'the final or funeral ceremony.'
2) Posterior, back; पृष्ठं तु चरभं तनोः (pṛṣṭhaṃ tu carabhaṃ tanoḥ) Ak.
3) Old (as age).
4) Outermost.
5) Western, west.
6) Lowest, least.
7) Western; बृसीं चरमशैर्षिकीम् (bṛsīṃ caramaśairṣikīm) Rām.13.1.3.
-mam ind. At last; at the end.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryCarama (चरम).—nt., a high number: Mahāvyutpatti 7915 (cited from Gaṇḍavyūha; Tibetan mthaḥ ḥbyam); Gaṇḍavyūha 106.16 (follows caraṇa; but omitted in Gaṇḍavyūha 133.26).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCarama (चरम).—mfn.
(-maḥ-mā-maṃ) 1. Last, ultimate, final. 2. West, western. car to go, amac Unadi aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCarama (चरम).— (cf. cara and cira), adj., f. mā, Last, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 3, 4, 12. ºmam, adv. At last, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 194.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCarama (चरम).—[adjective] the last, final, ultimate, extreme, lowest, least.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Carama (चरम):—m([nominative case] [plural] me, or mās, [Pāṇini 1-1, 33])f(ā)n. (in [compound] [Pāṇini 2-1, 58]) last, ultimate, final, [Ṛg-veda vii, 59, 3; viii, 20, 14; Taittirīya-saṃhitā i, v; Bhāgavata-purāṇa] etc. (mā kriyā, ‘the [final id est.] funeral ceremony’ [Mahābhārata iv, 834])
2) the outermost (first or last, opposed to the middle one), [Ṛg-veda viii, 61, 15]
3) later, [Kapila’s Sāṃkhya-pravacana i, 72]
4) (maṃ kiṃ, ‘what more?’ [Prasannarāghava v, 3/4])
5) ‘western’, in [compound]
6) lowest, least, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) a particular high number, [Buddhist literature; cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCarama (चरम):—[(maḥ-mā-maṃ) a.] Last; west.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Carama (चरम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Carama.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryCarama (चरम) [Also spelled charam]:—(a) absolute; ultimate; last, final; extreme: —[lakṣya] ultimate aim; —[sīmā] extreme; extreme limit.
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Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryCarama (चरम) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Carama.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCarama (ಚರಮ):—
1) [adjective] last; ultimate; final.
2) [adjective] lowest; least; most inferior.
3) [adjective] belonging to, coming from the west; western.
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Carama (ಚರಮ):—
1) [noun] that which is situated at the end.
2) [noun] the last point (either in space or time); the end.
3) [noun] the time or period following an event.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryCarama (चरम):—adj. 1. last; ultimate; final; supreme; extreme; 2. posterior;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+9): Caramaccha, Caramadaihika, Caramadarsha, Caramadeha, Caramadehadhara, Caramadehadhari, Caramadhyana, Caramadhyastha, Caramagiri, Caramagita, Caramagite, Caramaja, Caramakalyana, Caramakshara, Caramalaya, Caramam, Caramamga, Caramamta, Caramana, Caramarahata.
Full-text (+47): Caramakshmabhrit, Caramacala, Caramadri, Caramashairshika, Acarama, Caramam, Caramavastha, Caramakala, Caramavayas, Caramabhavika, Caramagiri, Caramatas, Shairshika, Charam, Carima, Vicarama, Caramika, Caramavaiyakarana, Caramasharira, Caramashayana.
Relevant text
Search found 32 books and stories containing Carama, Cara-a-ma, Caramã, Carāma; (plurals include: Caramas, mas, Caramãs, Carāmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.20.45 < [Chapter 20 - The Liberation of Ṛbhu Muni During the Rāsa-dance Festival]
Hanuman Nataka (critical study) (by Nurima Yeasmin)
9.18. The character of Mālyavān < [Chapter 4]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation (by S. Satyamurthi Ayyangar)
Pasuram 10.4.10 < [Section 4 - Fourth Tiruvaymoli (Carve tavanori)]
Pasuram 10.5.10 < [Section 5 - Fifth Tiruvaymoli (Kannan Kalal-inai)]
Pasuram 7.10.11 < [Section 10 - Tenth Tiruvaymoli (Inpam payakka)]