Cakora: 38 definitions
Introduction:
Cakora means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chakora.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Cakora (चकोर)—The following are said to resound the forests such as Caitraratha, Nandana, etc. with their melodious sounds: sārikās, mayūras, cakoras, śukas, bhṛṅgarājas, kokilas, sugrīvas and bhramaras etc. (Vāyu-purāṇa 36.1-5)
Cakora (चकोर) or Cakoraka refers to a type of bird, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.22. Accordingly as Sitā said to Śiva:—“[...] the most unbearable season of the advent of clouds (ghanāgama or jaladāgama) has arrived with clusters of clouds of diverse hues, and their music reverberating in the sky and the various quarters. [...] In this troublesome time, even crows and Cakora birds build their nests. But you don’t. Without a home how will you be happy? O Pināka-bearer Śiva, let not the great fear originating from clouds befall us. Hence endeavour for a residence. Do not delay. Heed my words”.
Cakora (चकोर).—(Svātikarṇa) Andhra king ruled for 6 months; son of Sunandana. His son was Bahava?*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 273. 11. Bhāgavata-purāṇa XII. 1. 26.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Cakora (चकोर) refers to the “greek partridge”, whose meat (māṃsa) is classified as “celestial” (khecara) according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—The text [māṃsa-prakaraṇa] says the three fold division of meat [such as celestial (khecara)...]. Here different types of meat and their properties are discussed in detail. The celestial animals are [viz., cakora (greek partridge)].
Cakora (partridge) is mentioned in a discusses regarding the reaction of certain insects and other living beings on consumption of poisionous food. The after-effect of intake of poison for Cakora (partridge) is defined as: “akṣivairāgyaṃ (eyes turn pale)”.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
1) Cakora (चकोर) refers to a kind of bird, according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2) Cakora (चकोर) also refers to the Chukor patridge (Alectoris Chukar).
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Cakora (चकोर) is a Sanskrit word referring to the “chukar partridge”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Cakora is part of the group of birds named Lāvādi, which is a sub-group of Viṣkira, refering to “birds similar to common quail who eat while scattering the gains”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.
The eggs of the Cakora are useful in diminished semen, cough, heart disease and injuries. They are sweet, bot cauising burning sensation and immediately strength-promoting.
Chakora (छकोर)—Sanskrit word for a bird corresponding to “Alectoris Graeca”. This animal is from the group called Viṣkira (which scatter). Viṣkira itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Jāṅghala (living in high ground and in a jungle).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Cakora (चकोर).—A bird that drinks only water from the Śvāti Nakṣatra.
Cakora (चकोर) refers to:—A bird that lives solely on moonlight. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Kavya (poetry)
Cakora (चकोर) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—In the Kāvyamīmāṃsā of Rājaśekhara says, Cakora is a mountain in Eastern India. It may be identified as Caraṇādri or Cunār, the hill-fort in the district of Mirzapur, builded by the Pāla kings.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Cakora (चकोर).—A grammarian who .wrote a commentary on the 'Sabdalingarthacandrika of Sujanapandita.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Cakora (चकोर) or Biṣkira refers to the bird “Greek partridge” (Perdix rufa).—Birds have been described in several ancient Sanskrit texts that they have been treated elaborately by eminent scholars. These birds [viz., Cakora] are enumerated in almost several Smṛtis in context of specifying the expiations for killing them and their flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites. These are elaborated especially in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [chapter VI], Gautamasmṛti [chapter 23], Śātātapasmṛti [II.54-56], Uśānasmṛti [IX.10-IX.12], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.172-I.175], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.28-51.29], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.16].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
General definition (in Hinduism)
1) Chakora, a kind of partridge, is a legendary bird described in Hindu mythology. It is believed to reside upon the beams of the moon, that is, the Chandra. The association of Chakora and Chandra has given rise to a number of folk love stories in north India.
2) Chakora is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°47'0N 72°43'0E with an altitude of 642 metres (2109 feet). Inhabited (as the legend goes) by Baba Kamal a brother of Baba Odher the ancestor of Oudherwal. Chakora is fully aboded by Kahuts (although Oudherwal consists of Myres and Gonadals also) is the birthplace of Chaudhry Muhammad Zaman Khan a prominent and respected zamindar and educationist who was a founder father of Education movement to educate Kahuts and first Councillor of Sadwal Union Council.
The Chakora bird (or Lunar bird) is from Hindu mythology and often takes the form of a partridge. There are two tales about these special birds, the first that they only live within the beams of the moon itself. The other is that the Chakora eat solely moonbeams to survive.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Cakora (चकोर) refers to “rain-birds”, according to the 2nd-century Meghasūtra (“Cloud Sutra”) in those passages which contain ritual instructions.—Accordingly, “[...] with [this] ‘Heart of the snakes;’ the cloud-monarchs too must be depicted, emitting a shower, and rubbing against one another; at the end masses of rain-birds and lightning (cakora—ante vidyuccakoramālā) are to be painted; and parched rice canopied by the swastika, also fish and flesh, and honey-food without curds, and a sumptuous offering must be made there. [...]”
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Cakora (चकोर) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Cakora] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Cakora (चकोर) refers to a kind of partridge (said to live on moon-beams), according to chapter 1.3 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly, “[...] after [Śreyāṃsa] had risen and circumambulated the Lord of the World three times, he bowed, washing his feet with tears of joy, as it were. Rising and standing before the Master [i.e., Ṛṣabha], he looked at the lotus-face with joy, like the Cakora seeing the full-moon”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Cakora (r. 77-78 CE) or Cakora Śātakarṇi is a king from the Sātavāhana dynasty of ancient India. The Sātavāhana lineage (known as Andhra in the Purāṇas) once ruled much of the Deccan region and several of the Ajantā caves at West-Khandesh (West-Khaṇḍeśa, modern Jalgaon) were carved in the 3rd century BCE when the region was ruled by kings (e.g., Chakora or Cakora Śātakarṇi) and descendants of the Sātavāhana kings. Cakora Śātakarṇi was preceded by Sundara Śātakarṇi and succeeded by Śivasvāti.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Cakora in India is the name of a plant defined with Citrus maxima in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Aurantium decumanum (L.) Mill. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· J. Hunan Agric. Coll. (1991)
· Annales du muséum national d’histoire naturelle (1813)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Proceedings, Indian Academy of Sciences. Section B, Biological Sciences (1983)
· Phytomorphology (1998)
· The Flora of Jamaica (1837)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Cakora, for example extract dosage, health benefits, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, side effects, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
cakora : (m.) the francolin partridge.
Cakora, (Sk. cakora to kol (kor), see note on gala) the francolin partridge (Perdix rufa) J. V, 416; Vv 358; VvA. 163. See also caṅkora. (Page 258)
cakora (စကောရ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[caka+ura．u- o-pru．cakaparitakkane,uro,usso．,ṭī．625．caka+ora．cakati parivitakketīti cakoro．ṇvādi．173．]
[စက+ဥရ။ ဥ-ကို ဩ-ပြု။ စကပရိတက္ကနေ၊ ဥရော၊ ဥဿော။ ဓာန်၊ ဋီ။ ၆၂၅။ စက+ဩရ။ စကတိ ပရိဝိတက္ကေတီတိ စကောရော။ ဏွာဒိ။ ၁၇၃။]
[Pali to Burmese]
cakora—
(Burmese text): စကောရငှက်၊ စင်ရော်ငှက်။
(Auto-Translation): Starling, Sirrocco.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
cakōra (चकोर).—(S) Bartavelle or Greek partridge, Tetrao rufus. Linn. Perdix Rufa. Lath. Said to subsist upon the moonbeams.
cakōra (चकोर).—m Bartavelle or Greek partridge, said to subsist upon the moonbeams.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Cakora (चकोर).—[cak-tṛptau oran Uṇādi-sūtra 1.64] A kind of bird, the Greek partridge (said to feed on moonbeams); ज्योत्स्नापानमदालसेन वपुषा मत्ताश्चकोराङ्गनाः (jyotsnāpānamadālasena vapuṣā mattāścakorāṅganāḥ) Vb.1.11; इतश्च- कोराक्षि विलोकयेति (itaśca- korākṣi vilokayeti) R.6.59;7.25; स्फुरदधरसीधवे तव वदन- चन्द्रमा रोचयति लोचनचकोरम् (sphuradadharasīdhave tava vadana- candramā rocayati locanacakoram) Gītagovinda 1. (cakorakaḥ also.) (viṣā- bhyāśe) चकारस्ये अक्षिणी विरज्येते (cakārasye akṣiṇī virajyete) Kau. A.1.2.17.
Derivable forms: cakoraḥ (चकोरः).
Cakora (चकोर).—m.
(-raḥ) The bartavelle or Greek patridge, (Perdix rufa or Tetrao rufus.) E. cak to be satisfied, oran Unadi affix; also with kan added cakoraka; what is satisfied with the moonbeams, upon which the bird is fabulously said to subsist.
Cakora (चकोर).—m. The Greek partridge. Perdix rufa, Mahābhārata 3, 936.
Cakora (चकोर).—[masculine] a kind of partridge.
1) Cakora (चकोर):—m. (√cak, [Uṇādi-sūtra]) the Greek partridge (Perdix rufa; fabled to subsist on moonbeams [Śārṅgadhara-paddhati]; cf. [Gīta-govinda i, 23], hence ‘an eye drinking the nectar of a moon-like face’ is poetically called c, [Brahma-purāṇa; Kathāsaritsāgara lxxvii, 50]; the eyes of the Cakora are said to turn red when they look on poisoned food, [Kāmandakīya-nītisāra; Naiṣadha-carita; Manvarthamuktāvalī, kullūka bhaṭṭa’s Commentary on manu-smṛti on Manu-smṛti vii, 217]), [Mahābhārata; Lalita-vistara; Suśruta] etc.
2) ([plural]) Name of a people, [Atharva-veda.Pariś. lvi]
3) (sg.) of a prince, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa xii, 1, 24]
4) of a town (?), [Harṣacarita vi]
Cakora (चकोर):—(raḥ) 1. m. The bartavelle or Greek partridge (Perdrix rufa).
Cakora (चकोर):—m. [Die Uṇādi-Affixe 1, 64.]
1) eine Hühnerart, Perdix rufa [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1339.] [Mahābhārata 3, 936. 9927. 11609. 13, 2836.] [Suśruta 1, 201, 1.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 21, 43.] [Rgva tch’er rol pa 204.] cakorasyākṣivairāgyaṃ jāyate [Suśruta 2, 246, 2.] netra, netrā [Mahābhārata 7, 5135.] [Mṛcchakaṭikā 1, 12.] [Raghuvaṃśa 6, 59.] mattacakoranetrā [7, 22.] Der Cakora soll Mondstrahlen trinken ( [Scholiast] zu [Gītagovinda 1, 23]), daher wird das Auge, welches den Nectar eines Antlitzmondes einsaugt, häufig Cakora genannt: śaratpārvaṇacandrābhaṃ sudhāpūrṇānanaṃ tava . nātha cakṣuścakorābhyāṃ pibāmyahamaharniśam .. [BRAHMAV. Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1. 10.] [Bhartṛhari 1, 71.] [Gītagovinda 10, 2.] Kṛṣṇa wird śrīmukhacandracakora ebend. [1, 23] angeredet; vgl. kṛṣṇasya mukhapaṅkajam . papurhi netrabhramaraiḥ [Harivaṃśa 4746.] Das Auge des Cakora soll sich beim Anblick vergifteter Speise roth färben [Kullūka] zu [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 217.] —
2) Nomen proprium a) eines Volkes [Pariśiṣṭa des Atharvaveda] in [Weber’s Verzeichniss 93.] — b) eines Fürsten [Viṣṇupurāṇa 473.] — c) eines Gebirges [Viṣṇupurāṇa 180,] [Nalopākhyāna 3.]
--- OR ---
Cakora (चकोर):—
1) cakorasya virajyete netre viṣadarśanāt [KĀM. NĪTIS. 7, 12.] [Spr. 3885.] [Naiṣadhacarita 22, 41. 43.] vratamālambya [Kathāsaritsāgara 76, 11.] cakorī f. [49, 213.] —
2) b) [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 12, 1, 24.]
Cakora (चकोर):——
1) m. — a) Perdix rufa. Das Auge dieses Vogels soll sich beim Anblick vergifteter Speise roth färben. Seine Nahrung sollen Mondstrahlen sein ; daher wird das Auge , welches den Nectar eines Antlitzes einsaugt , ein Cakora genannt [126,22.] cakorākṣī so v.a. ein schönes Mädchen. [175,25.] [Vikramāṅkadevacarita 8,42.] vratamālamb die Weise des C. annehmen , so v.a. sich ganz dem Genuss (eines mondähnlichen Antlitzes) hingeben. — b) Nomen proprium — α) Pl. eines Volkes. — β) eines Fürsten. — γ) eines Berges (?). —
2) f. ī f. zu
1) a).
Cakora (चकोर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Caora, Caoraga, Cakora.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Cakora (चकोर) [Also spelled chakor]:—(nm) the Indian red-legged partridge (fabled to subsist upon moon-beams and to eat embers); hence [cakorī] (nf).
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Cakora (चकोर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Cakora.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Cakōra (ಚಕೋರ):—
1) [noun] the bird Perdix rufus fabled to subsist upon moon-beams; Greek partridge.
2) [noun] the bird of Phasianidae family (genus Francolinus); francolin partridge.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Cakora (चकोर):—n. a type of partridge supposed to live on moonbeam;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Cakoracakoraya, Cakoradrish, Cakoraka, Cakoraki, Cakorakicceti, Cakoraksha, Cakorakuta, Cakoram, Cakoramala, Cakoranetra, Cakorapaksha, Cakoraparvata, Cakorasamdesha, Cakorasana, Cakoravrata, Cakoray, Cakoraya.
Full-text (+39): Cakoradrish, Cakoraka, Jyotsnapriya, Cakoravrata, Cakoranetra, Vishasucaka, Candrikapayin, Cakoraksha, Calacancu, Cakorasana, Cakoray, Cakori, Kaumudijivana, Chakor, Cakoram, Cakoraya, Cakoracakoraya, Vidvakcakora, Cakorapaksha, Brihatcakora.
Relevant text
Search found 59 books and stories containing Cakora, Caka-ura, Cakōra; (plurals include: Cakoras, uras, Cakōras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.1 [Upamā] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.86 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.80 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Animal Kingdom (Tiryak) in Epics (by Saranya P.S)
Chapter 4.32 - Water-loving birds in the Epics
Chapter 4.20 - Animals and birds in the epic Ramayana (Introduction)
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section LIV < [Anusasanika Parva]
Section CLVII < [Tirtha-yatra Parva]
Section XXIV < [Arjunabhigamana Parva]
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 6 - Kavisamaya or the poetic convention < [Chapter III - Literary Assessment Of The Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Soundarya Lahari of Shri Shankara (Study) (by Seetha N.)
Chapter 4 - Poetic beauty in Saundaryalahari
Saundaryalahari as an epitome of Saktism < [Chapter 5 - Shakta-Tantras—Saundaryalahari as an epitome of Shaktism]