Brahmacari, Brahmacārī, Brahmacāri, Brahmacārin, Brahman-carin, Brahma-cari, Brahma-carin: 33 definitions
Introduction:
Brahmacari means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Brahmachari.
In Hinduism
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Brahmacāri (additional aspect of Subrahmaṇya, according to the Śrītatvanidhi) Subrahmaṇya in this aspect should have two eyes, two arms and be standing upon a padma. He must have a tuft of hair on his head, a yajñopavīta, mauñji (grass girdle) and kaupīna. The right leg should be firmly placed upon the padma and the left one slightly bent and rested upon it. In the right hand there should be a daṇḍa and in the left a vajra. His complexion should be red.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी).—A celibate student under the care of a spiritual master. One in the first order of spiritual life; In the Vedic social order, the student class who strictly accept the vow of celibacy, in the case of brāhmaṇas, up to the age of 25, at which time they may marry or continue the life of celibacy; a celibate student of a spiritual master; A member of the first spiritual devision of life, according to the Vedic social system of four āśramas. See Gṛhasta, Sannyāsī, Vānaprastha.
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी) refers to:—A member of the first āśrama (stage of life) in the varṇāśrama system; a celibate, unmarried student. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Brahmacāri (ब्रह्मचारि).—See Brahmacarya.
2) Brahmacāri (ब्रह्मचारि).—A devagandharva (a class of Gods) born to Kaśyapaprajāpati of his wife Pṛthā. He took part in the Birth festival of Arjuna. (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapters 65 and 122).
Brahmacāri (ब्रह्मचारि).—A son of Krodhā and a Devagandharva.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 6. 39; Vāyu-purāṇa 68. 38.
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्).—Duties of: with a daṇḍa and tuft, bed on the earth over skin, service to Guru, learning and living on alms;1 may remain so throughout life by taking to Vaikhānasa or Parivratāśrama.2
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa VII. 12 (whole), XI. 18. 42-3; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 7. 175; 32. 24; III. 9. 70; Matsya-purāṇa 40. 2; Vāyu-purāṇa 59. 23; Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 9. 1-7.
- 2) Ib. III. 10. 14-15.
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.59.45, I.65) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Brahma-cārī) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्) or Brahmacarya refers to the first of the four “stages of life” (aśrama), according to the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—From the times of the most ancient dharmaśāstras the number of āśramas has been four:—Brahmacārin (or Brahmacarya), Gṛhastha, Vānaprastha and Sannyāsin.—The first part of āśrama [i.e. man’s life] is brahmacarya in which he learns at his teacher’s house.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्) refers to “one who observes a vow of chastity”, according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, as the Goddess (i.e., Kumārī) said to the God (i.e., Bhairava), “I am Khageśvarī, the virgin who observes a vow of chastity [i.e., brahmacārin]. I am the leader within the tradition (anvya) and the Cave is the Liṅga which is my hermitage. You are Bhairava, the pervasive Lord whose cardinal characteristic is supreme bliss, directly apparent. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी) refers to one of the Six Āśramas referred to by Kauṇḍinya in his comments on Pāśupatasūtra 3.1.—The system of the four Brahmanical Āśramas also survived practically intact during the time of the Tantric and non-Tantric manifestations of Śaivism and Vaiṣṇavism The editor of the Trivandrum edition of the Pāśupatasūtra gives a list in explanation of the phrase ‘Six Āśramas’ [e.g., Brahmacārī]. This interpretation is probably based on Kauṇḍinya ad Pāśupatasūtra 1.6 and 4.18 (“the paths of the householder, the chaste student, the forest-dweller, the mendicant, and the heretic are wrong paths”).
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी) refers to a “student” (i.e., one who abides by brahman), according to the Pātravidhi—a manual of the Lakulīśa Pāśupata school of Śaivism dealing with purification of the initiate’s vessel (pātra) and other concerned issues.—Accordingly, “An ascetic and the one who abides by brahman, [i.e. a student] (brahmacārī), both of them are the ones who have refrained from cooking. One should not eat their food; having eaten [it], he should perform the Cāndrāyaṇa. (31) If one eats a washerman’s food, he eats filth, and if a shoemaker’s he eats sin. The one who begs an ascetic in turn [the things he was given in alms], he partakes of both filth and sin. (32) A householder by breaking the rules concerning cooking, and an ascetic by breaking the rules concerning the vessel are born in animal lives for ten thousand years. (33)”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
1) Brahmacarin (ब्रह्मचरिन्) refers to group of initiates (initiated by cakramaṇḍala) which has four subdivisions, as discussed in chapter 5 of the Brahmarātra section of the Sanatkumārasaṃhitā: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).—Description of the chapter [varṇa-ācāra-vidhi]: Sanatkumāra says that only five groups [Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas and Śūdras and Sūtas] are eligible for dīkṣā-initiation. Those who were initiated by cakramaṇḍala means are further generally distinguished according to one or another of the āśrama-stages.
The initiates who are known as Brahmacarins have four subdivisions, namely:
- Brahmacārins,
- Liṅgins,
- Śiṣyas, and
- Upāsakas.
2) Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्) refers to a class of persons for whom their “behavior” is discussed in the fourth chapter of the Kapiñjalasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an Ācārya, architecture, town-planning and iconography.—Description of the chapter [samayācāra-vidhi]:—For each of the four castes and for pratilomakas and sūtakas as well as for any of the four āśramas certain modes of behavior are expected; further, all of these persons are eligible for saṃskāras (1-4). [...] Such terms as [e.g., brahmacārin] [...] are defined (5-21a). The remainder of the chapter deals with general principles of conduct common to all these persons—prāṇāhuti, japa, etc. (21b-24a).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Brahmachārin (ब्रह्मचारिन): A religious student, unmarried, who lives with his spiritual guide, devoted to study and service.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
1) Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्) refers to the first of the four stages of a layman (āśrama) according to Cāmuṇḍarāya (940–989 A.D.) in his Caritra-sāra. Cāmuṇḍarāya, who was a Digambara Jain, has taken over the Hindu concept of the four āśramas, which, following Jinasena, he terms brahmacārin, gṛhastha, vānaprastha, and bhikṣu.
The following categories of Brahmacārin are mentioned in the Caritra-sāra:
- upanaya-brahmacārin,
- avalamba-brahmacārin,
- adīkṣā-brahmacārin,
- gūḍha-brahmacārin,
- naiṣṭhika-brahmacārin.
2) Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्) refers to a classification of a śrāvaka (laymen), based on his progress through the pratimās, according to Somadeva. Varṇin refers to the first to six pratimās, also known as Madhyama (middle). Āśādhara calls the Brahmacārin a Varṇin.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Brahmacārin.—(SII 2; LL), a Brāhmaṇa student; an unmarried student of the Vedas. (BL), epithet of one who takes a vow of celebacy. (SII 2), a temple servant. Note: brahmacārin is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Brahmacari in India is the name of a plant defined with Morus indica in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève (1908)
· Flora Indica, or ‘Descriptions of Indian Plants’ (1832)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1989)
· Taxon (1980)
· Glimpses of Cytogenetics in India (1989)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Brahmacari, for example health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, chemical composition, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
brahmacārī : leading a chaste life.
Brahmacārin refers to: leading a holy or pure life, chaste, pious Vin. II, 236; III, 44; S. I, 5, 60; II, 210; III, 13; IV, 93, A. II, 44; M. III, 117; Sn. 695, 973; J. V, 107, 382; Vv 3411 (Acc. pl. brahmacāraye for °cārino); Dh. 142; Miln. 75; DA. I, 72 (brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratī ti br. c.); DhA. III, 83; a° S. IV, 181; Pug. 27, 36.
Note: brahmacārin is a Pali compound consisting of the words brahma and cārin.
brahmacārī (ဗြဟ္မစာရီ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[brahma+cara+ṇī．thī-nitea brahmacārinī．]
[ဗြဟ္မ+စရ+ဏီ။ ထီ-၌ ဗြဟ္မစာရိနီ။]
[Pali to Burmese]
brahmacārī—
(Burmese text): မြတ်သောအကျင့်ကို ကျင့်လေ့ရှိသော၊
(Auto-Translation): Practicing virtuous behavior,
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी).—m (S) A Brahman from his investiture with the sacrificial thread until marriage; during which period he is enjoined to observe the strictest chastity. 2 A Brahman that religiously abstains from all sexual commerce with women; either for a time or through life. sōḷā sahastra gōpī bhōgūna bra0 (Allusively to the numberless fornications of kṛṣṇa.) Used ironically of one who revels in sensuality or impurity and yet affects chastity and sanctity.
brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी).—m A brāmhaṇa from his muñja until marriage.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्).—a.
1) studying the Vedas.
2) practising continence of chastity. (-m.) a religious student, a Brāhmaṇa in the first order of his life, who continues to live with his spiritual guide from the investiture with sacred thread and performs the duties pertaining to his order till he settles in life; ब्रह्मचारी वेदमधीत्य वेदौ वेदान् वा चरेद् ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacārī vedamadhītya vedau vedān vā cared brahmacaryam) Kaṭha- śrutyopaniṣad 17; Manusmṛti 2.41,175;6.87.
2) one who vows to lead the life of a celibate.
3) an epithet of Śiva.
4) of Skanda.
Brahmacārin is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms brahman and cārin (चारिन्).
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्).—m. (-rī) The Brahmachari or religious student; the young Brahman, from the time of his investiture with the cord, to the period of his becoming a householder: it is also applied to a person, who continues with his spiritual teacher, through life, studying the Vedas and observing the duties of the student; it is also given as a title to Pandits learned in the Vedas; to a class of ascetics; by the Tantras, it is assigned to persons whose chief virtue is the observance of continence; and it is assumed by many religious vagabonds. f. (-riṇī A woman leading a life of continence. E. brahma the Veda and car to go or follow, aff. ṇini .
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्).—m. 1. a religious student. 2. chaste, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 128.
Brahmacārin is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms brahman and cārin (चारिन्).
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्).—[adjective] poss. to brahmacarya; [masculine] a Brahman student.
1) Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्):—[=brahma-cārin] [from brahma > brahman] mf(iṇī)n. practising sacred study as an unmarried student, observing chastity, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] m. a young Brāhman who is a student of the Veda (under a preceptor) or who practises chastity, a young Br° before marriage (in the first period of his life), [Atharva-veda; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (cf. āśrama and, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 192 etc.; Religious Thought and Life in India 84 etc.]; the Name Brahma-cārin is also given to older unmarried Brāhmans, [especially] if versed in the Veda, and by the Tantras to any person whose chief virtue is continence)
3) [v.s. ...] Name of a Gandharva, [Mahābhārata]
4) [v.s. ...] of Skanda, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] of Śiva, [Śivagītā, ascribed to the padma-purāṇa]
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्):—[brahma-cārin] (rī) 5. m. A Brahmachārī. f. (riṇī) A chaste woman.
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्):—[(brahman + cā)]
1) adj. die heilige Wissenschaft studirend, Brahmanenschüler [?(Amarakoṣa 2, 7, 3. 42. Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 7, 1. Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 807. fg. Halāyudha 2, 238. fg.]); im Besonderen Enthaltsamkeit —, Keuschheit übend [Ṛgveda 10, 109, 5.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 6, 108, 2. 133, 3. 11, 5, 1. fgg.] [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 1, 20, 7. 21, 2.] [ŚR. 8, 14. 10, 7.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 6, 2, 4. 5, 1, 5, 17. 11, 3, 3, 1.] [Śāṅkhāyana’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 1, 13. 2, 11. 12. 18.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 44. 175. 181. 183. 3, 94. 5, 137. 6, 87.] [Chāndogyopaniṣad 2, 23, 1.] brahmacāriṇāvadhaḥśāyinau syātāṃ trirātram enthaltsam [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 1, 8, 10.] [Pāraskara’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 3, 10.] [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 11. 46. 55.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 50. 192. 4, 128. 6, 26. 11, 81.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 248. 3, 45.] [Sāvitryupākhyāna 1, 5.] [Arjunasamāgama 2, 17.] [Suśruta 1, 316, 2. 17. 290, 12.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 39, 43.] [Hitopadeśa 19, 1, v. l.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 7, 28] (Gegens. putravant). cārivrate sthitaḥ [Bhagavadgītā 6, 14.] kumāra [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 159.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 64, 5.] brahmacāriṇī f. enthaltsam, das Gelübde der Keuschheit übend [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 158.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 27, 13. 3, 2, 20.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 29, 15. 52] (wo sa brahma zu lesen ist). —
2) m. a) Nomen proprium eines Gandharva [Mahābhārata 1, 4814.] — b) Beiname Skanda's [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 208.] [Halāyudha 1, 20.] — c) Beiname Śiva’s [Śivanāmasahasra] —
3) f. cāriṇī a) Beiname der Durgā [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 53.] [Oxforder Handschriften 110,b] [?(No. 174). Devīpurāṇa 45 im Śabdakalpadruma] — b) Name verschiedener Pflanzen: Clerodendrum Siphonanthus R. Br. [Ratnamālā 37.] = karuṇī [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] Thespesia populnea Corr. [NIGH. PR. -] [Suśruta 1, 71, 16.] — Vgl. sa .
--- OR ---
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्):—
1) [Sp. 132, Z. 3] streiche 52 nebst dem Eingeklammerten und füge st. dessen [?69, 160 hinzu. Kathāsaritsāgara 70, 19] ist sabrahma st. sa brahma zu lesen.
Brahmacārin (ब्रह्मचारिन्):——
1) Adj. die heilige Wissenschaft studirend , im Besondern Enthaltsamkeit — , Keuschheit übend (auch f.) m. Brahmanenschüler. —
2) m. — a) *Beiname Skanda’s — b) Nomen proprium eines Gandharva. —
3) f. cāriṇī — a) Beiname der Durgā. — b) Clerdendrum siphonanthus. — c) Thespesia populneoides. — d) * = karuṇī [Rājan 10,107.]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Brahmacārī (ब्रह्मचारी) [Also spelled brahmchari]:—(nm) a celibate; one who is in the [brahmacarya āśrama] (see).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Brahmacāri (ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಚಾರಿ):—
1) [noun] (masc.) a student before entering into married life.
2) [noun] an unmarried man or a man under a vow to remain unmarried.
3) [noun] (masc.) one who abstains from sexual intercourse.
4) [noun] Śiva.
5) [noun] Skanda, son of Śiva.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+6): The, The, Mi, Carin, Te, Ni, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman, Brahman.
Starts with (+13): Brahmacariabhipatthana, Brahmacaribala, Brahmacarika, Brahmacarini, Brahmacaripatinna, Brahmacaripatinnata, Brahmacaripatirupaka, Brahmacariphala, Brahmacarirupa, Brahmacarivasa, Brahmacarivasin, Brahmacariya, Brahmacariya pariyosana, Brahmacariya Sutta, Brahmacariyacarana, Brahmacariyacetana, Brahmacariyacinnakulaputta, Brahmacariyadhikara, Brahmacariyadukkha, Brahmacariyaggahana.
Full-text (+386): Sabrahmacarin, Naishthikabrahmacari, Balabrahmacari, Brahmacarivasa, Ashrama, Naishthika, Brahmacariabhipatthana, Brahmacarirupa, Komarabrahmacari, Jatibrahmacari, Nathamalla brahmacarin, Kumarabrahmacarin, Brahmacaripatinnata, Brahmacaripatirupaka, Vyasanabrahmacarin, Accantabrahmacari, Niramisabrahmacari, Tapabrahmacari, Brahmacarivasin, Fan zhi.
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Search found 178 books and stories containing Brahmacari, Brahma-cara-ni, Brahma-cara-ṇī, Brahma-cari, Brahma-cārī, Brahma-carin, Brahma-cārin, Brahmacārī, Brahmacāri, Brahmacārin, Brahmacarin, Brahman-carin, Brahman-cārin, The brahmacari, The brahmacarin; (plurals include: Brahmacaris, nis, ṇīs, caris, cārīs, carins, cārins, Brahmacārīs, Brahmacāris, Brahmacārins, Brahmacarins, The brahmacaris, The brahmacarins). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Mimamsa in Medhatithi (study) (by A. R. Joshi)
Samuccaya in Manubhasya 2.41 < [Part 3.24 - Samuccaya]
Definition of Samuccaya in Mimamsa < [Part 3.24 - Samuccaya]
“Ekasya tu ubhayatve” in Manubhasya 2.107 < [Part 2.6 - Ekasya tu Ubhayatve samyoga prithaktvam]
History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 9 - The Students Life and Discipline < [Part 2-3 - Medical Institutions in Ancient India]
Chapter 6 - The Oath of Initiation < [Part 2-3 - Medical Institutions in Ancient India]
Chapter 3 - Dress and Clothing < [Part 4 - Some Aspects of Life in Caraka’s Times]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Rig Veda 10.109.5 < [Sukta 109]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 1.2.162 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord’s Appearance]
Verse 2.5.67 < [Chapter 5 - Lord Nityānanda’s Vyāsa-pūjā Ceremony and His Darśana of the Lord’s Six-armed Form]
Verse 2.5.10 < [Chapter 5 - Lord Nityānanda’s Vyāsa-pūjā Ceremony and His Darśana of the Lord’s Six-armed Form]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section CCXLII < [Mokshadharma Parva]
Section CCLXVIII < [Mokshadharma Parva]
Section XCI < [Sambhava Parva]
Brahma Purana (critical study) (by Surabhi H. Trivedi)
9. The Stage of a Grhastha < [Social Structure]
8. The Stage of a Brahmacarin < [Social Structure]
7. The system of the Asramas < [Social Structure]
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