Boyiti, Bō yì tí, Bo yi ti, Bōyiti: 4 definitions

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

波逸提 [bo yi ti]—Pāyattika – [Term] Also written as Pāyattika (波逸底迦 [bo yi di jia]), Boyaozhi (波藥致 [bo yao zhi]), Boluoyinike (波羅逸尼柯 [bo luo yi ni ke]), Boluoyezhizhiga (波羅夜質胝迦 [bo luo ye zhi zhi jia]), Bozizhik (波質胝柯 [bo zhi zhi ke]), or Boyeiti (波夜提 [bo ye ti]).

It is the fourth of the Six Categories of Offenses (六聚罪 [liu ju zui]), translated as "fall" (墮 [duo]). It is a name for an offense against the monastic precepts, by which one falls into hell; hence, it is called the "offense of falling" (墮罪 [duo zui]).

Within this category are Naiḥsargika-pāyattika (尼薩耆 [ni sa qi]) and two types of Pāyattika. Naiḥsargika-pāyattika is translated as "forfeiture" (捨 [she]). The Pāyattika that involves falling is translated as "single" (單提 [dan ti]), also called "single fall" (單墮 [dan duo]). There are thirty precepts of "forfeiture and falling" (捨墮 [she duo]). This is because the ill-gotten gains from the offense should be forfeited (捨 [she]) to the monastic community; hence the name "forfeiture and falling" (捨墮 [she duo]). There are ninety precepts of "single falling" (單墮 [dan duo]). For these, the offender has no ill-gotten gains to forfeit, but merely incurs the offense of falling; hence the name "single falling" (單墮 [dan duo]). When the monastic precepts (戒相 [jie xiang]) are divided into eight sections, these two are separated. When they are categorized into the Five Categories (五篇 [wu pian]), Six Categories (六聚 [liu ju]), or Seven Categories (七聚 [qi ju]), these two are combined into a single Pāyattika.

In the Xingshi Chao (行事鈔 [xing shi chao]), it states: "Pāyattika is semantically translated as 'fall' (墮 [duo]). The Daśabhāṇavāra-vinaya (十诵 [shi song]) says: 'Because one falls into the hell of burning, boiling, and obscuring.'" The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (四分僧 [si fen seng]) has 120 types. Thirty of these are offenses arising from financial matters, committed due to strong greed and arrogance. These are regulated by requiring forfeiture (捨 [she]) to the monastic community, hence the name Naiḥsargika (尼薩耆 [ni sa qi]). The remaining ninety are single offenses for which one repents individually. If based on the nature of the offense, they belong to the same category of repentance. (Text omitted)

The Chuyao Luyi (出要律仪 [chu yao lu yi]) states: "Naiḥsargika, formerly translated as 'forfeiture and falling' (捨墮 [she duo]). The Śabdavidyā (声论 [sheng lun]) states: 'Ni (尼 [ni]) means 'exhaustion,' and Saqi (薩耆 [sa qi]) means 'forfeiture' (捨 [she]). Pāyattika was originally named Boyaozhi (波藥致 [bo yao zhi])." The Vimativinodanī Ṭīkā (明了论 [ming le lun]) explains that the Boluoyinike (波羅逸尼柯 [bo luo yi ni ke]) section has 360 offenses. The Saṃmatīya school (正量部 [zheng liang bu]) translates it as "should be exerted." The Sarvāstivāda school (薩婆多 [sa po duo]) calls it Boluoyezhizhiga (波羅夜質胝迦 [bo luo ye zhi zhi jia]), translated as "should be counteracted," meaning one should constantly reflect, and if an offense is committed, one should immediately become aware. The Theravāda school (上座部 [shang zuo bu]) calls it Bozizhik (波質胝柯 [bo zhi zhi ke]), translated as "able to burn and heat." This offense leads to the Mahāraurava hell (大叫唤地狱 [da jiao huan de yu]). At the time of commission, it can scorch and heat the mind, and in its consequences, it can burn and torment sentient beings.

Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya (有部毘奈耶 [you bu pi nai ye]), volume 20, states: "Pāyattika (波逸底迦 [bo yi di jia]) Dharma." Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra commentary (瑜伽倫記 [yu jia lun ji]), volume 18, states: "Pāyattika (波逸底迦 [bo yi di jia]), formerly called Pāyattika, also named Boyeiti (波夜提 [bo ye ti]), which means 'offense of falling' (墮罪 [duo zui])."