Bhartri, Bhartṛ, Bharttri, Bharta, Bhartā, Bhartrī, Bharttṛ: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Bhartri means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Bhartṛ and Bharttṛ can be transliterated into English as Bhartr or Bhartri or Bharttr or Bharttri, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ, “husband”).—One of the Eleven Hands denoting Relationships.—(Instructions:) Haṃsāsya and Śikhara hands are held at the throat.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) refers to the “sustainer”, and represents an epithet of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.10. Accordingly as Viṣṇu said to Brahmā:—“[...] Śiva is the creator (kartṛ) of everything, the sustainer (bhartṛ) and destroyer (hartṛ). He is greater than the great. He is the supreme Brahman, the greatest lord, the attributeless, the eternal”.
2) Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) refers to “one’s husband”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.19 (“Kāma’s destruction by Śiva”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Naradā: “[...] With pallid face and limbs, the extremely agitated daughter of the king of mountains returned to her palace taking the maids along with her. Due to the misery on account of the death of her husband [i.e., bhartṛ-mṛtyu-ja-duḥkha], Rati fell down unconscious, as if dead. When she regained consciousness after a while, Rati in her great agitation lamented loudly and said:—[...]”.
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) refers to the “husband”, according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.29. Accordingly:—“[...] Sītā was distressed to hear these words of Rāma and spoke these words slowly, with her face with tears: ‘[...] Oh, the pure-minded! Following my husband (bhartṛ) with loving devotion, I shall become sin-less; for husband is the supreme deity to me’”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) refers to the “chief” (of a tribe of people), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 9), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The three constellations from Svāti form the fourth maṇḍala; if Venus should reappear in it, mankind will be free from fear; the Brāhmins and Kṣatriyas will prosper and friends will turn into enemies. If Venus, who so reappears in the said maṇḍala, should be crossed by a planet, the chiefs of the hunters will perish [i.e., kirāta-bhartṛ-pinaṣṭi]; the Ikṣvākus, the border Mlecchas, the people of Avantī and of Pulinda and the Śūrasenas will also perish”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Bhartā (भर्ता) refers to one of the “thousand names of Kumārī”, as mentioned in the Kumārīsahasranāma, which is included in the 10th chapter of the first part (prathamabhāga) of the Rudrayāmala-Uttaratantra: an ancient Tantric work primarily dealing with the practice of Kuṇḍalinī-yoga, the worship of Kumārī and discussions regarding the Cakras. This edition is said to be derived of the Rudrayāmalatantra and consists of 6000 verses in 90 chapters (paṭalas) together with the Saralā-Hindīvyākhyopetam (i.e., the Rudrayamalam Uttaratantram with Sarala Hindi translation).—Bhartā is mentioned in śloka 1.10.128.—The chapter notes that one is granted the rewards obtained by reciting the text even without the performance of pūjā (worship), japa, snāna (bathing) and puraścaryā
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) and Bhartrī refers to “partners” [i.e., dhyeyasya bhartṛ-bhartrī putra-putrī], according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) refers to the “master” (of the three worlds), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “This [self], which is master of the three worlds (trijagatī-bhartṛ), omniscient [and] possessed of infinite power, does not recognise itself and has deviated from its own true nature. Tarnished by awful stains arising from eternity, it grasps objects according to its own desire which are very different from itself”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Bhartri or Bhartrinath refers to one of the “nine saints” (Navnath) according to the translator of Nisargadatta Maharaj's converstaions and Suamitra Mullarpattan.—These nine saints form the basis of the Navnath Sampradaya (the lineage of the nine Gurus). They are worshipped collectively as well as individually. [...] The nine teachers [e.g., Bhartri-nath] are considered representative of great teachers in this tradition or Parampara tradition—a succession of Teachers (Gurus) and Disciples (Shishyasa) in Indian-origin religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism.
Bhartṛ-nātha is also supposed to be the incarnation of Hari-nārāyaṇa—one of the “nine Nārāyaṇas” (Navanārāyaṇa).
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ) or Bhartṛnātha refers to one of the Nine Nāthas which is part of a tradition called the Navanātha Sampradāya.—Cf. the list provided by Dasgupta (1995: 207): Matsyendra, Gorakṣa, Gahinī, Jvālendra, Kāriṇapa (Kaṇerī?), Carpaṭa, Revaṇa, Bhartṛ, and Gopīcandra. Note that Revaṇa is also mentioned by the NSCar.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Bharta in India is the name of a plant defined with Echinochloa crus-galli in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Oplismenus crusgalli (L.) Dumort. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Grasses of Ceylon (1956)
· Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem (1941)
· Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique (1816)
· Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (1920)
· Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters (1941)
· Trop. Agric. (1941)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Bharta, for example side effects, chemical composition, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
bhartā (भर्ता).—m A husband.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ).—m. [bhṛ-tṛc]
1) A husband; यद्भर्तुरेव हितमिच्छति तत् कलत्रम् (yadbhartureva hitamicchati tat kalatram) Bhartṛhari 2.8; स्त्रीणां भर्ता धर्मदाराश्च पुंसाम् (strīṇāṃ bhartā dharmadārāśca puṃsām) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 6.18.
2) A lord, master, superior; भर्तुः शापेन (bhartuḥ śāpena) Meghadūta 1; गण°, भूत° (gaṇa°, bhūta°) &c.
3) A leader, commander, chief; स्वभर्तृनामग्रहणाद्बभूव सान्द्रे रजस्यात्मपरावबोधः (svabhartṛnāmagrahaṇādbabhūva sāndre rajasyātmaparāvabodhaḥ) R.7.41.
4) A supporter, bearer, protector; भर्ता स्वानां श्रेष्ठः पुर एता भवति (bhartā svānāṃ śreṣṭhaḥ pura etā bhavati) Bri. Up.1.3.18.
5) The creator.
6) Name of Viṣṇu; सवनो भावनो भर्ता (savano bhāvano bhartā) V. Sah.
--- OR ---
Bhartrī (भर्त्री).—
1) A mother.
2) A female supporter.
Bharttṛ (भर्त्तृ).—mfn. (-rttā-ttrī-rttṛ) 1. A cherisher, a nourisher, a protector. 2. A holder, a supporter. m.
(-rttā) 1. A husband. 2. A lord, a master. E. bhṛ to nourish, &c. aff. tṛc .
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ).—i. e. bhṛ + tṛ, I. m., f. trī, and n. 1. One who contains, [Śiśupālavadha] 9, 17. 2. A cherisher, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 9, 18. 3. A protector. Ii. m. 1. A lord, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 36; master, [distich] 155. 2. A commander, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 94. 3. A husband, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 196, M. M.
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ).—1. (bhartṛ) [masculine] bearer, supporter, maintainer, lord, chief; [feminine] bhartrī female supporter mother.
--- OR ---
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ).—2. [masculine] husband; [abstract] tva† [neuter]
1) Bhartṛ (भर्तृ):—[from bhara] m. (once in [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] bhartṛ) a bearer (cf. [Latin] fertor), one who bears or carries or maintains (with [genitive case] or ifc.), [Ṛg-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata]
2) [v.s. ...] a preserver, protector, maintainer, chief, lord, master, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. (f(trī). a female supporter or nourisher, a mother, [Atharva-veda; Kauśika-sūtra; Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa])
3) [v.s. ...] m. a husband, [Ṛg-veda v, 58, 7; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata etc.]
Bharttṛ (भर्त्तृ):—(rttā) 4. m. A husband, a lord. a. Nourishing; holding.
Bhartrī (भर्त्री) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Bhaṭṭiṇī.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Bhartā (भर्ता):—(nm) one who provides maintenance/sustenance; lord; husband.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Bharta (ಭರ್ತ):—[adjective] acting or dancing.
--- OR ---
Bharta (ಭರ್ತ):—
1) [noun] a man as related to his wife; a husband.
2) [noun] a master, ruler or guardian.
Bhartṛ (ಭರ್ತೃ):—[noun] = ಭರತಿ [bharati]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Bhartā (भर्ता):—adj. 1. nourishing; nurturing; protecting; supporting; 2. full; filled;
Bhartṛ (भर्तृ):—n. 1. husband; 2. lord; master; superior; 3. Mythol. Vishnu;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+26): Bhartribhakta, Bhartribhratri, Bhartricitta, Bhartridaivata, Bhartridaraka, Bhartridarika, Bhartridarike, Bhartridarshana, Bhartridevata, Bhartriduhitri, Bhartrighna, Bhartrighni, Bhartriguna, Bhartrihari, Bhartriharyadhana, Bhartrihema, Bhartrihina, Bhartrijaya, Bhartriloka, Bhartrimati.
Full-text (+260): Bhartrihari, Bhartridaraka, Bhartrimati, Bhartrimentha, Bhartritva, Bhartrighni, Bhartrivrata, Bhartristhana, Bhartribhakta, Bhartripriya, Bhartrisat, Bhartrisvamin, Abhibhartri, Bhartrihema, Bhartricitta, Mahibhartri, Bhartrivatsala, Amshubhartri, Bhartridevata, Anubhartri.
Relevant text
Search found 80 books and stories containing Bhartri, Bhartṛ, Bharttri, Bharta, Bhartā, Bhartrī, Bharttṛ, Bhartr; (plurals include: Bhartris, Bhartṛs, Bharttris, Bhartas, Bhartās, Bhartrīs, Bharttṛs, Bhartrs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Abhijnana Sakuntala (with Katayavema commentary) (by C. Sankara Rama Sastri)
Chapter 6 - Sanskrit text (shashtha-anka) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]
Chapter 2 - Sanskrit text (dvitiya-anka) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]
Slokasuci (shloka-suci) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 688 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 234 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 342 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 3]
Discovery of Sanskrit Treasures (seven volumes) (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
7. Etymologies in the Devibhagavata-Purana < [Volume 1 - Grammer and Linguistics]
4.4. Kalidasa’s Life-View < [Volume 3 - Classical Sanskrit Literature]
2.2. Visit to Indonesia—Temples, Rituals and Sanskrit Names < [Volume 6 - South East Asian studies]
Rural and Agricultural Glossary (by William Crooke)
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 1.1 < [Chapter 1 - Zodiac Signs]
Verse 27.23 < [Chapter 27 - The Character of the Drekkana]
Verse 24.1 < [Chapter 24 - Horoscope of the Female]
Abhijnana Sakuntalam (with translation and notes) (by Bidhubhusan Goswami)
Chapter 2 - Dvitiya-anka (dvitiyo'nkah) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and notes]
Chapter 6 - Shashtha-anka (sastho'nkah) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and notes]