In Hinduism

Shiksha (linguistics: phonetics, phonology etc.)

Source: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Language and Grammar (shiksha)

Bāhyaprayatna (बाह्यप्रयत्न) refers to the “external effort” of articulation (uccāraṇa) according to Indian linguistic tradition (viz., śikṣā, ‘phonetics’, vyakaraṇa, ‘grammar’, nirukta, etymology’ and chandas, ‘prosody’.).

Bāhyaprayatna is of three types:

1. spṛṣṭa (plosive),
2. īṣatspṛṣṭa (approximant),
3. īṣatsaṃvṛta (fricative).

context information

Shiksha (शिक्षा, śikṣā) deals with Sanskrit linguistics and represents a branch of vedanga (vedic ancillary science). Shiksha deals with subjects such as phonetics, phonology, study of sound, letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and related topics. Much attention is also given to the study of recitation (patha) of Vedic verses.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

bāhyaprayatna (बाह्यप्रयत्न).—m S The second of the two great acts or movements of the breath towards articulation or pronunciation,--that of the organs of speech through the lips into full vocal expression. It includes eleven distinct efforts of these organs, for which see ābhyantaraprayatna.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Bāhyaprayatna (बाह्यप्रयत्न).—(in gram.) the external effort in the production of articulate sounds; P.I.1. 9. (com.).

Derivable forms: bāhyaprayatnaḥ (बाह्यप्रयत्नः).

Bāhyaprayatna is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms bāhya and prayatna (प्रयत्न).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Bāhyaprayatna (बाह्यप्रयत्न):—[=bāhya-prayatna] [from bāhya] m. (in gram.) the external effort in the production of articulate sounds, [Pāṇini 1-1, 9 [Scholiast or Commentator]]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Bahya, Prayatna.

Full-text: Anupradana, Ishatsprishta, Mahaprana, Alpaprana, Ishacchvasa, Samvara, Abhyantaraprayatna, Ishatsamvrita, Prayatna, Sprishta, Shighratara, Vivara, Aghosha, Guna, Anudatta.

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