Ba xiang cheng dao, Bā xiāng chéng dào: 5 definitions
Introduction:
Ba xiang cheng dao means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
八相成道 [ba xiang cheng dao]—also 八相示現 [ba xiang shi xian] Eight aspects of the Buddha's life, which the 起信論 [qi xin lun] gives as: (1) descent into and abode in the Tuṣita heaven; (2) entry into his mother's womb; (3) abode there visibly preaching to the devas; (4) birth from mother's side in Lumbinī; (5) leaving home at 19 (or 25) as a hermit; (6) after six years' suffering attaining enlightenment; (7) rolling the Law-wheel, or preaching; (8) at 80 entering nirvāṇa. The 四教義 [si jiao yi] group of Tiantai is slightly different — descent from Tuṣita, entry into womb, birth, leaving home, subjection of Māra, attaining perfect wisdom, preaching, nirvana. See also the two 四相 [si xiang], i.e. 四本相 [si ben xiang] and 四隨相 [si sui xiang].
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
八相成道 [ba xiang cheng dao]—Eight Phases of the Buddha's Life — [Terminology] This refers to the Buddha's (佛陀 [fu tuo]) manifestation of the phases of his life from beginning to end, with his enlightenment (成道 [cheng dao]) as the central point. Although enlightenment is one of the eight phases, it is the core (主腦 [zhu nao]) of them, hence the separate mention of "enlightenment." What is included or omitted regarding the eight phases varies among sutras and treatises (經論 [jing lun]), but there are roughly two main theories.
The version presented in the Mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda-śāstra (大乘起信論 [da cheng qi xin lun]) is as follows:
1. Descent from Tuṣita Heaven (降兜率 [jiang dou lu]): First dwelling in Tuṣita Heaven (兜率天 [dou lu tian]) for four thousand years. Upon seeing the opportune moment, he descended from that heaven riding a white elephant.
2. Entering the Womb (入胎 [ru tai]): Riding a white elephant, he entered the womb through Queen Māyā's (摩耶夫人 [mo ye fu ren]) left side.
3. Dwelling in the Womb (住胎 [zhu tai]): While in his mother's womb, he would teach the devas six times a day, whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down.
4. Birth (出胎 [chu tai]): On the eighth day of the fourth month, he was born from Māyā's right side in Lumbinī Garden (藍毘尼園 [lan pi ni yuan]).
5. Renunciation (出家 [chu jia]): At nineteen (or twenty-five) years of age, contemplating the impermanence of the world, he left the royal palace and entered the mountains to pursue the Way.
6. Enlightenment (成道 [cheng dao]): After six years of austerities (苦行 [ku xing]), he attained Buddhahood and realized the Way beneath the Bodhi Tree (菩提樹 [pu ti shu]).
7. Turning the Dharma Wheel (轉法輪 [zhuan fa lun]): For fifty years after his enlightenment, he preached the Dharma, universally delivering humans and devas.
8. Entering Nirvāṇa (入滅 [ru mie]): At eighty years of age, he entered Nirvāṇa (涅槃 [nie pan]) beneath the Sāla twin trees.
The Mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda-śāstra states: "According to his vow power, he can manifest eight types [of appearances] to benefit sentient beings. Namely, withdrawing from Tuṣita Heaven, entering the womb, dwelling in the womb, emerging from the womb, renouncing, attaining enlightenment, turning the Dharma wheel, and entering Nirvāṇa."
The Sijiao Yi (四教儀 [si jiao yi]) by Tiantai Great Master (天台大師 [tian tai da shi]), replaces the third phase, "Dwelling in the Womb," with a fifth phase, "Subduing Māra" (降魔 [jiang mo]), to constitute the eight phases. Sijiao Yi, Volume 4, states: "The Bodhisattva stages are briefly seven: 1. Arousing the Bodhi mind, 2. Practicing the Bodhisattva path, 3. Cultivating the karma for the thirty-two marks, 4. Perfecting the Six Perfections, 5. Being a one-life successor, 6. Being born in Tuṣita Heaven, 7. Manifesting the Eight Phases of the Buddha's Life. (omission) What is meant by the Eight Phases of the Buddha's Life: 1. Descending from Tuṣita Heaven, 2. Entering the Womb, 3. Birth, 4. Renunciation, 5. Subduing Māra, 6. Enlightenment, 7. Turning the Dharma Wheel, 8. Entering Nirvāṇa."
Historically, these two theories were considered distinctions between Mahayana and Hinayana (大小乘 [da xiao cheng]), with the former being the Mahayana eight phases and the latter the Hinayana eight phases. However, these two sets of eight phases merely differ in their "opening and closing" (开合 [kai he]) (i.e., separating and combining), and do not distinguish between the two vehicles.
Fozu Tongji (佛祖統紀 [fu zu tong ji]), Volume 2, states: "Commentary: Mahayana (大乘 [da cheng]) 'opens' (separates) dwelling in the womb and 'closes' (combines) subduing Māra with enlightenment (成道 [cheng dao]). Hinayana 'opens' subduing Māra and 'closes' dwelling in the womb with entering the womb. Dwelling in the womb is seen in the Mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda-śāstra (起信 [qi xin]), and subduing Māra is seen in the Sijiao Yi (四教儀 [si jiao yi]); this is the argument of earlier masters. However, observing now, both Mahayana and Hinayana texts contain passages about dwelling in the womb and subduing Māra. For example, the Avataṃsaka Sūtra (華嚴 [hua yan]) says that 'after the Bodhisattva dwelt in his mother's womb, he manifested phases such as renunciation and enlightenment,' which is the Mahayana dwelling in the womb. The Jātaka Nidāna Sūtra (因果經 [yin guo jing]) says, 'While the Bodhisattva was in his mother's womb, he would teach the devas and spirits six times a day, whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down,' which is the Hinayana dwelling in the womb. The 'Leaving the World' chapter of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra mentions the Bodhisattva's renunciation, enlightenment, subduing Māra, turning the Dharma wheel, etc. Miaole (妙樂 [miao le]) states: 'Each of the four virtues has four aspects of subduing Māra,' which is the Mahayana subduing Māra. The Jātaka Nidāna Sūtra says, 'After subduing Māra, he immediately entered samādhi, and when the morning star appeared, he attained the highest perfect enlightenment,' which is the Hinayana subduing Māra. Now, in order to conform to the concept of the eight phases, we will use the 'opening and closing' (开合 [kai he]) of these two texts, the Mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda-śāstra and Sijiao Yi, as evidence."
八相成道—【名數】佛陀以成道為中心，示現由始至終一期之相狀，謂之八相成道。成道雖為八相中之一，然為八相中之主腦，故別揭成道之名。八相經論所說存沒不同，而大要有二說。大乘起信論所說者，一、降兜率，先住於兜率天，在彼天四千歲。見時機熟，遂乘白象由彼天降下之相也。二、入胎，乘白象由摩耶夫人左脅入胎之相也。三住胎，在母胎行住坐臥一日六時為諸天說法之相也。四出胎，四月八日於藍毘尼園由摩耶右脅出生之相也。五出家，十九歲（或二十五歲）觀世之無常，出王宮入山學道之相也。六成道，經六年苦行，在菩提樹下成佛得道之相也。七轉法輪，成道以後五十年間說法普度人天之相也。八入滅，八十歲在娑羅雙樹下入於涅槃之相也。起信論曰：「隨其願力能現八種，利益眾生。所謂從兜率天退、入胎、住胎、出胎、出家、成道、轉法輪、入於涅槃。」天台大師之四教儀，除第三之住胎，加入第五降魔之相為八相。四教儀四曰：「釋菩薩位略為七位：一發菩提心、二行菩薩道、三種三十二相業、四六度成滿、五一生補處、六生兜率天、七八相成道。（中略）所言八相成道者：一、從兜率天下，二、託胎，三、出生，四、出家，五、降魔，六、成道，七、轉法輪，八、入涅槃。古來以此二說為大小乘之別，初為大乘之八相，後為小乘之八相，然此二種八相，僅開合不同耳，非區別二乘也。」佛祖統紀二曰：「述曰：大乘開住胎合降魔於成道，小乘開降魔合住胎於託胎。住胎見起信，降魔見四教儀，此先達之論也。今觀大小皆有住胎降魔之文，如華嚴云菩薩住母胎已，示現出家成道等相，此大乘住胎也。因果經，菩薩在母胎行住坐臥，一日六時，為諸天鬼神說法，此小乘住胎也。華嚴離世間品菩薩出家成道降魔轉法輪等。妙樂云：四德各有四降魔相，此大乘降魔也。因果經，既降魔已，即便入定，明星出時，得最正覺，此小乘降魔也。今欲順八相之言，且用起信四教儀二文開合為證。」
[míng shù] fú tuó yǐ chéng dào wèi zhōng xīn, shì xiàn yóu shǐ zhì zhōng yī qī zhī xiāng zhuàng, wèi zhī bā xiāng chéng dào. chéng dào suī wèi bā xiāng zhōng zhī yī, rán wèi bā xiāng zhōng zhī zhǔ nǎo, gù bié jiē chéng dào zhī míng. bā xiāng jīng lùn suǒ shuō cún méi bù tóng, ér dà yào yǒu èr shuō. dà chéng qǐ xìn lùn suǒ shuō zhě, yī,, jiàng dōu lǜ, xiān zhù yú dōu lǜ tiān, zài bǐ tiān sì qiān suì. jiàn shí jī shú, suì chéng bái xiàng yóu bǐ tiān jiàng xià zhī xiāng yě. èr,, rù tāi, chéng bái xiàng yóu mó yé fū rén zuǒ xié rù tāi zhī xiāng yě. sān zhù tāi, zài mǔ tāi xíng zhù zuò wò yī rì liù shí wèi zhū tiān shuō fǎ zhī xiāng yě. sì chū tāi, sì yuè bā rì yú lán pí ní yuán yóu mó yé yòu xié chū shēng zhī xiāng yě. wǔ chū jiā, shí jiǔ suì (huò èr shí wǔ suì) guān shì zhī wú cháng, chū wáng gōng rù shān xué dào zhī xiāng yě. liù chéng dào, jīng liù nián kǔ xíng, zài pú tí shù xià chéng fú dé dào zhī xiāng yě. qī zhuǎn fǎ lún, chéng dào yǐ hòu wǔ shí nián jiān shuō fǎ pǔ dù rén tiān zhī xiāng yě. bā rù miè, bā shí suì zài suō luó shuāng shù xià rù yú niè pán zhī xiāng yě. qǐ xìn lùn yuē: “suí qí yuàn lì néng xiàn bā zhǒng, lì yì zhòng shēng. suǒ wèi cóng dōu lǜ tiān tuì,, rù tāi,, zhù tāi,, chū tāi,, chū jiā,, chéng dào,, zhuǎn fǎ lún,, rù yú niè pán.” tiān tái dà shī zhī sì jiào yí, chú dì sān zhī zhù tāi, jiā rù dì wǔ jiàng mó zhī xiāng wèi bā xiāng. sì jiào yí sì yuē: “shì pú sà wèi lüè wèi qī wèi: yī fā pú tí xīn,, èr xíng pú sà dào,, sān zhǒng sān shí èr xiāng yè,, sì liù dù chéng mǎn,, wǔ yī shēng bǔ chù,, liù shēng dōu lǜ tiān,, qī bā xiāng chéng dào. (zhōng lüè) suǒ yán bā xiāng chéng dào zhě: yī,, cóng dōu lǜ tiān xià, èr,, tuō tāi, sān,, chū shēng, sì,, chū jiā, wǔ,, jiàng mó, liù,, chéng dào, qī,, zhuǎn fǎ lún, bā,, rù niè pán. gǔ lái yǐ cǐ èr shuō wèi dà xiǎo chéng zhī bié, chū wèi dà chéng zhī bā xiāng, hòu wèi xiǎo chéng zhī bā xiāng, rán cǐ èr zhǒng bā xiāng, jǐn kāi hé bù tóng ěr, fēi qū bié èr chéng yě.” fú zǔ tǒng jì èr yuē: “shù yuē: dà chéng kāi zhù tāi hé jiàng mó yú chéng dào, xiǎo chéng kāi jiàng mó hé zhù tāi yú tuō tāi. zhù tāi jiàn qǐ xìn, jiàng mó jiàn sì jiào yí, cǐ xiān dá zhī lùn yě. jīn guān dà xiǎo jiē yǒu zhù tāi jiàng mó zhī wén, rú huá yán yún pú sà zhù mǔ tāi yǐ, shì xiàn chū jiā chéng dào děng xiāng, cǐ dà chéng zhù tāi yě. yīn guǒ jīng, pú sà zài mǔ tāi xíng zhù zuò wò, yī rì liù shí, wèi zhū tiān guǐ shén shuō fǎ, cǐ xiǎo chéng zhù tāi yě. huá yán lí shì jiān pǐn pú sà chū jiā chéng dào jiàng mó zhuǎn fǎ lún děng. miào lè yún: sì dé gè yǒu sì jiàng mó xiāng, cǐ dà chéng jiàng mó yě. yīn guǒ jīng, jì jiàng mó yǐ, jí biàn rù dìng, míng xīng chū shí, dé zuì zhèng jué, cǐ xiǎo chéng jiàng mó yě. jīn yù shùn bā xiāng zhī yán, qiě yòng qǐ xìn sì jiào yí èr wén kāi hé wèi zhèng.”
[ming shu] fu tuo yi cheng dao wei zhong xin, shi xian you shi zhi zhong yi qi zhi xiang zhuang, wei zhi ba xiang cheng dao. cheng dao sui wei ba xiang zhong zhi yi, ran wei ba xiang zhong zhi zhu nao, gu bie jie cheng dao zhi ming. ba xiang jing lun suo shuo cun mei bu tong, er da yao you er shuo. da cheng qi xin lun suo shuo zhe, yi,, jiang dou lu, xian zhu yu dou lu tian, zai bi tian si qian sui. jian shi ji shu, sui cheng bai xiang you bi tian jiang xia zhi xiang ye. er,, ru tai, cheng bai xiang you mo ye fu ren zuo xie ru tai zhi xiang ye. san zhu tai, zai mu tai xing zhu zuo wo yi ri liu shi wei zhu tian shuo fa zhi xiang ye. si chu tai, si yue ba ri yu lan pi ni yuan you mo ye you xie chu sheng zhi xiang ye. wu chu jia, shi jiu sui (huo er shi wu sui) guan shi zhi wu chang, chu wang gong ru shan xue dao zhi xiang ye. liu cheng dao, jing liu nian ku xing, zai pu ti shu xia cheng fu de dao zhi xiang ye. qi zhuan fa lun, cheng dao yi hou wu shi nian jian shuo fa pu du ren tian zhi xiang ye. ba ru mie, ba shi sui zai suo luo shuang shu xia ru yu nie pan zhi xiang ye. qi xin lun yue: "sui qi yuan li neng xian ba zhong, li yi zhong sheng. suo wei cong dou lu tian tui,, ru tai,, zhu tai,, chu tai,, chu jia,, cheng dao,, zhuan fa lun,, ru yu nie pan." tian tai da shi zhi si jiao yi, chu di san zhi zhu tai, jia ru di wu jiang mo zhi xiang wei ba xiang. si jiao yi si yue: "shi pu sa wei lue wei qi wei: yi fa pu ti xin,, er xing pu sa dao,, san zhong san shi er xiang ye,, si liu du cheng man,, wu yi sheng bu chu,, liu sheng dou lu tian,, qi ba xiang cheng dao. (zhong lue) suo yan ba xiang cheng dao zhe: yi,, cong dou lu tian xia, er,, tuo tai, san,, chu sheng, si,, chu jia, wu,, jiang mo, liu,, cheng dao, qi,, zhuan fa lun, ba,, ru nie pan. gu lai yi ci er shuo wei da xiao cheng zhi bie, chu wei da cheng zhi ba xiang, hou wei xiao cheng zhi ba xiang, ran ci er zhong ba xiang, jin kai he bu tong er, fei qu bie er cheng ye." fu zu tong ji er yue: "shu yue: da cheng kai zhu tai he jiang mo yu cheng dao, xiao cheng kai jiang mo he zhu tai yu tuo tai. zhu tai jian qi xin, jiang mo jian si jiao yi, ci xian da zhi lun ye. jin guan da xiao jie you zhu tai jiang mo zhi wen, ru hua yan yun pu sa zhu mu tai yi, shi xian chu jia cheng dao deng xiang, ci da cheng zhu tai ye. yin guo jing, pu sa zai mu tai xing zhu zuo wo, yi ri liu shi, wei zhu tian gui shen shuo fa, ci xiao cheng zhu tai ye. hua yan li shi jian pin pu sa chu jia cheng dao jiang mo zhuan fa lun deng. miao le yun: si de ge you si jiang mo xiang, ci da cheng jiang mo ye. yin guo jing, ji jiang mo yi, ji bian ru ding, ming xing chu shi, de zui zheng jue, ci xiao cheng jiang mo ye. jin yu shun ba xiang zhi yan, qie yong qi xin si jiao yi er wen kai he wei zheng."
八相成道 ts = bā xiāng chéng dào p refers to [phrase] “eight episodes in completing the path; eight stages of Buddha’s progress”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: 1. Descent from Tusita Heaven 降兜率 [jiang dou lu]; 2. entry into the womb 入胎 [ru tai]; 3. birth 诞生 [dan sheng]; 4. leaving home 出家 [chu jia]; 5. subduing Mara 降魔 [jiang mo]; 6. awakening 成道 [cheng dao]; 7. turning the Dharma wheel 转发论 [zhuan fa lun]; 8. final nirvana 涅磐 [nie pan] (BL 'baxiang', p. 100; Ding '八相成道 [ba xiang cheng dao]'; FGDB '八相 [ba xiang]'; SH '八相成道 [ba xiang cheng dao]', p. 38; Tzu Chuang 2012) .
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
Languages of India and abroad
Chinese-English dictionary
八相成道 ts = bā xiāng chéng dào p refers to “the eight stages of the Buddha's life (Buddhism)”.
八相成道 [bā xiāng chéng dào] refers to: “eight phases of the Buddha's life”.
八相成道 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 八相示現; 八相道; 化生八相.
[Sanskrit] aṣṭa-buddha-kārya.
[Tibetan] mdzad pa brgyad.
[Vietnamese] bát tướng thành đạo.
[Korean] 팔상성도 / palsang seongdo.
[Japanese] ハッソウジョウドウ / hassō jōdō.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Xiang, Ba xiang, Cheng, Cheng dao, Ba, Dao, Jiang, To.
Starts with (+0): Ba xiang cheng dao tu hua.
Full-text (+19): Ba xiang shi xian, Ba cheng, Ba xiang, Quan ji, Ru tai xiang, Kai ji xian ben, Zhuan fa lun xiang, mdzad pa brgyad, Hua shen ba xiang, Bat tuong thanh dao, Ashtabuddhakarya, Jiang mo xiang, Yuan fu, Shi jia ba xiang, Ru lai ba xiang, Ba xiang zuo fu, Ru shan xue dao, Meng gan hao xiang, Xian ban nie pan, Ru lai shou liang pin.
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