Atala, Aṭala: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Atala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Atal.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)One of the Hands of The Seven Lower Worlds.—Atala: the Patāka hand twisted downwards is applicable.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaAtala (अतल).—This is one of the seven sections of Pātāla. The seven sections are: Atala, Vitala, Sutala, Talātala, Mahātala, Rasātala, Pātāla. Of them Atala has been described as follows: Atala is the first world of Pātāla. There reigns Bala, the son of Maya who is the famous but haughty magician. He has created 96 Mayas who are capable of granting all kinds of desires. Even now certain persons who are interested in the practice of Black magic, learn some of these 96 arts and practise them. When this mighty fellow opens his mouth for yawning, three groups of women known as Puṃścalīs, Svairiṇīs and Kāminīs emerge from his mouth. He has with him a rasāyana called hāṭaka with which he can eaisly entice and seduce all who enter Atala and to strengthen them for satisfying his lust. After enticing them with it, he enjoys uncontrolled pleasure with them, showering on them his amorous glances, bewitching smiles and embraces. (Devī Bhāgavata, Aṣṭama Skandha).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Atala (अतल).—1 —a thigh of the cosmic Puruṣa; is dependent on the loins of the Puruṣa.2 An underworld, ruled by Bala, son of Maya.3 The fourth world of pink (pīta) soil and residence of daityas like Kālanemi.4
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa II. 1. 27.
- 2) Ib. II. 5. 40.
- 3) Ib. V. 24. 7 & 16.
- 4) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 20. 12, 14, 32-34.
1b) An underworld of dark earth; here is the house of Namuci, the Indra of the Asuras besides those of Śaṅkukarṇa, Nāgas, Rākṣasas, etc. White soil.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 50. 11, 13 and 15-19. Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 5. 2, 3.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Brhad BhagavatamrtamAtala (अतल) refers to:—A planet. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsAtala in the Malayalam language is the name of a plant identified with Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. from the Euphorbiaceae (Castor) family having the following synonyms: Adenoropium roxburghii Kostel. [Illegitimate] . For the possible medicinal usage of atala, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Atala in Nigeria is the name of a plant defined with Sacoglottis gabonensis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Aubrya occidentalis Chev., nom. nud. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Medical Science Research (1995)
· Exploration Botanique de l’Afrique Occidentale Française (1920)
· Medical Science Research (1993)
· Pharmaceutical Biology (1998)
· Vascular Pharmacology (2002)
· Fl. Bras. (Martius) (1840)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Atala, for example side effects, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, chemical composition, extract dosage, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryAṭala, (adj.) (cp. Sk. aṭṭa & aṭṭālaka stronghold) solid, firm, strong, only in phrase aṭaliyo upāhanā strong sandals M. II, 155 (vv. ll. paṭaliye & agaliyo) = S. I, 226 (vv. ll. āṭaliyo & āṭaliko). At the latter passage Bdhgh. expls. gaṇaṅgaṇ-ûpāhanā, Mrs. Rh. D. (Kindred Sayings I. 291) trsls. “buskined shoes”. (Page 15)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryaṭaḷa (अटळ).—a unc (a & ṭaḷaṇēṃ) That cannot be averted or escaped.
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aṭāḷā (अटाळा).—m (See aṭōḷā Sig. I.) An erection in a corn-field.
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atala (अतल).—n (S) A division of the infernal regions, the hell immediately below the earth.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishaṭaḷa (अटळ).—a Unavoidable, that cannot be avoided or escaped.
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atala (अतल).—m A division of the infernal regions.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAṭala (अटल).—a. [na. ta.] Firm, steady, solid.
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Atala (अतल).—a. Bottomless.
-lam [asya bhūkhaṇḍasya talaṃ pṛṣo° idamo'tvam] Name of a पाताल (pātāla) or lower region, one of the 7 Pātālas, being the first among them.
-laḥ Name of Śiva.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryĀtāla (आताल).—(m. or nt.), probably watchtower: Lalitavistara 193.18 (verse) prāsādeṣu gavākṣatoraṇavareṣv ātāla-mañceṣu ca (all parts of a building). Apparently = Sanskrit aṭṭāla (also aṭṭa); Tibetan Lalitavistara yaṅ thog, which [Tibetan-English Dictionary] defines by the highest storey of a house, also…a dome, and which in Mahāvyutpatti 5522 renders aṭṭa = aṭṭāla.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryAṭala (अटल).—mfn.
(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) Immoveable, unchangeable.
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Atala (अतल).—n.
(-laṃ) A particular hell or division of the infernal regions, the portin immediately below the earth. E. a neg. and tala bottom.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtala (अतल).—n. the name of a hell, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Atala is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms a and tala (तल).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtala (अतल).—[neuter] [Name] of a cert. hell (lit. bottomless).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Aṭala (अटल):—[=a-ṭala] mfn. not shaky, firm, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) Atala (अतल):—[=a-tala] n. bottomless
3) [v.s. ...] Name of a hell beneath the earth
4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of Śiva.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtala (अतल):—[bahuvrihi compound] n.
(-lam) A particular hell or division of the infernal regions, the portion immediately below the earth. E. a priv. and tala; ‘bottomless’.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Aṭala (अटल):—[a-ṭala] (laḥ-lā-laṃ) Firm, stable.
2) Atala (अतल):—[a-tala] (laṃ) 1. n. A particular hell. a. Without bottom, bottomless.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Aṭala (अटल) [Also spelled atal]:—(a) firm; irrevocable; resolute; unwavering, steadfast.
2) Atala (अतल) [Also spelled atal]:—(a) bottomless; fathomless; ~[darśī] having deep insight, who can see through to the bottom; ~[sparśī] fathoming the depths, profound.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusAṭaḷa (ಅಟಳ):—[noun] (correctly, ಅತಳ [atala]) one of the seven regions supposed to be below the earth.
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Atala (ಅತಲ):—
1) [adjective] having no bottom.
2) [adjective] unfathomably deep.
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Atala (ಅತಲ):—
1) [noun] that which is unfathomably deep; a deep ocean.
2) [noun] (myth.) one of seven regions below the earth.
3) [noun] (myth.) name of one of the hells.
4) [noun] Śiva.
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Ataḷa (ಅತಳ):—[adjective] = ಅತಲ [atala]1.
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Ataḷa (ಅತಳ):—[noun] = ಅತಲ [atala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+7): Atalai, Atalaimutalai, Atalaiputalaiyay, Atalaiyatu, Atalajala, Atalakai, Atalakutala, Atalal, Atalam, Atalamtaka, Atalamuli, Atalamulikkoti, Atalanem, Atalani, Atalantia monophylla, Atalantia racemosa, Atalantia roxburghiana, Atalapatala, Atalaracu, Atalari.
Ends with (+418): Abbaratala, Abbhapatala, Abhrapatala, Abhratala, Adankhatala, Adasatala, Adatala, Adhahpatala, Adhamadashatala, Agaratala, Agrapatala, Ajinapatala, Ajnanapatala, Akaratala, Akasatala, Akashapatala, Akshapatala, Akshipatala, Alatala, Ambaratala.
Full-text (+25): Atalasparsha, Saptapatala, Atalam, Atalasprish, Talatala, Kalasha, Rasatala, Shvapadanagara, Pitabhauma, Shuladanta, Atal, Talaloka, Atalapatala, Lohitaksha, Ganamganupahana, Hatakam, Vrikavaktra, Captapatalam, Andakataha, Loka.
Relevant text
Search found 36 books and stories containing Atala, Aṭala, Aṭaḷa, Aṭāḷā, Aṭālā, Ātāla, A-tala, A-ṭala, Ataḷa; (plurals include: Atalas, Aṭalas, Aṭaḷas, Aṭāḷās, Aṭālās, Ātālas, talas, ṭalas, Ataḷas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The Devi Bhagavata Purana (by Swami Vijñanananda)
Chapter 19 - On the narrative of the Atala, etc. < [Book 8]
Chapter 21 - On the narrative of hells < [Book 8]
Abhinaya-darpana (English) (by Ananda Coomaraswamy)
The Linga Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 45 - Description of Nether Worlds (pātāla-varṇana) < [Section 1 - Uttarabhāga]
Chapter 6 - Glory of Śiva < [Section 1 - Uttarabhāga]
The Brahmanda Purana (by G.V. Tagare)
Notes on the fourteen worlds < [Notes]
Chapter 20 - Description of the netherworlds (pātāla) < [Section 2 - Anuṣaṅga-pāda]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 1.1.73 < [Chapter 1 - Summary of Lord Gaura’s Pastimes]
Verse 1.2.209 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord’s Appearance]
Verse 2.4.37-043 < [Chapter 4 - Revelation of Nityānanda’s Glories]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter LVII - Cosmogeny of Hell and the nether regions < [Agastya Samhita]
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