Aparantaka, Aparāntaka, Apara-antaka, Aparanta-ka: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Aparantaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक) refers to one of the seven types of song (gitaka), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Accordingly, “in the aparāntaka, śīrṣakas should be five, six or seven in number, and in the prakarī they should be four, three and a half and (i.e. seven and a half in all)”.
2) Aparāntaka also refers to one of the ten kinds of dhruvā (“songs”) defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32. Accordingly, “the dhruvā is so called, because in it words, varṇas, alaṃkāra, tempo (laya), jāti and pāṇis are regularly (dhruva) connected with one another”.
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक) refers to one of the seven varieties of Gītaka, according to the Dattilakohalīyam, one of the works ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—Tāla is said to be of two types—mārga and deśī. [...] Next the concept of gītaka is described. The varieties of gītaka [such as aparāntaka] are explained followed by a description of ekakala-madraka.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक) refers to a country belonging to “Apara or Aparadeśa (western divisions)” classified under the constellations of Jyeṣṭhā, Mūla and Pūrvāṣāḍha, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Jyeṣṭhā, Mūla and Pūrvāṣāḍha represent the western divisions consisting of [i.e., Aparāntaka] [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक) refers to one of the three types of Gītaka, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra—Cf. Saṅgītanārāyaṇa, Vol. I, p.310 where Kohala mentions three types of Gītaka[i.e., sama, ardhasama and viṣama]. The mention of Bharata in that extract is more confusing because Nāṭyaśāstra does not mention sama, ardhasama or viṣama-gītakas.
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
In Buddhism
General definition (in Buddhism)
The Kingdom of Aparantaka in Buddhist Literature.—Aparanta and Aparantaka were two different areas. Buddhist sources unambiguously indicate the location of Aparantaka in the east and not in the west. Magadha and Aparantaka kingdoms were undoubtedly neighboring kingdoms. In all probability, the region of modern Bangladesh and some southern parts of West Bengal was referred to as “Aparantaka” in Buddhist sources. Later, Aparantaka Kingdom extended to Magadha in Bihar and to Sonabhadra district in Uttar Pradesh including Saketa, Prayaga and Kaushambi & up to Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh during the 10th century BCE.
India history and geography
Aparāntaka refers to “western India”: a district of ancient India lying to the west of the Upper Irawady; as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts (detailing the geography of ancient India as it was known in to Early Buddhism).—According to the Buddhist tradition recorded in the Sāsanavaṃsa, Aparāntaka is the region lying to the west of the Upper Irawady. According to Sir R. G. Bhandarkar, Aparānta was the Northern Konkan, whose capital was Surpāraka (mod. Sopārā); while according to Bhagavānlal Indraji the western sea-board of India was called Aparāntaka or Aparāntika.
The Dīpavaṃsa (p. 54) and the Mahāvaṃsa (Ch. XII) state that Yona Dhammarakkhita, a Buddhist missionary, was sent to Aparāntaka for the spread of Buddhism there.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक).—
1) = °अन्तः (antaḥ) pl.
2) Name of a song; अपरान्तकमुल्लोप्यं मद्रकं प्रकरीं तथा । औवेणकं सरोबिन्दुमुत्तरं गीतकानि च (aparāntakamullopyaṃ madrakaṃ prakarīṃ tathā | auveṇakaṃ sarobindumuttaraṃ gītakāni ca) || Y3.113; °अन्तिका (antikā) Name of a metre consisting of 64 mātrās.
Derivable forms: aparāntakaḥ (अपरान्तकः).
Aparāntaka is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms apara and antaka (अन्तक).
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक).—f. °ikā, adj. of the western border, or of the country called Aparānta; used of cloth or garments, also as nt. noun, (cloth or garments) of Aparānta Mahāvyutpatti 9179; °ka- in [compound] Divyāvadāna 316.26, of garments (adj. or noun?). In Divyāvadāna 20.22-23 perhaps read aparāntikayā guptikayā in the style of Aparānta (? see guptikā); text asmāt parānti°. In Divyāvadāna 1.3; 18.6; 19.16, 19, 23; 21.2, 12 the mss. read corruptly, and with much variation, a text discussed by the editors on p. 703; they read asmāt parāntaka- and interpret as a synonym of pratyantima, except in 19.19 where they read asmākam aparāntaka-, interpreting (with privative a-) as the opposite, not distant, near. The forms are troublesome; without much confidence I suggest that forms of aparāntaka may have been found in all, meaning something like of the western border (if not speci- fically of the country Aparānta). But Tibetan (Bailey, JRAS 1950.172) on 19.19 points to Aśmāparāntaka, q.v.; and this seems to have been the regular Tibetan form according to Schiefner, cited Divyāvadāna p. 703.
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक).—i. e. apara -anta + ka. I. m. The name of a people. Ii. n. A song conducive to final liberation, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 3, 113.
1) Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक):—[from apara] mf(ikā)n. living at the western border, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā] etc.
2) [from apara] n. Name of a song, [Yājñavalkya]
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक):—1. m. pl.
(-kāḥ) The same as aparāntāḥ q. v. Comp. also śroṇāparāntaka. 2. n.
(-kam) A sacred song, the singing of which is, according to Yājnavalkya, conducive to final liberation; comp. also as similar songs ullopya, madraka, prakarī, auveṇaka, sarovindu, uttara (these are called gītaka); āsārita, vardhamānaka (these are called mahāgītaka); and those which have arisen from the former, viz. ṛggāthā, pāṇikā, dakṣavihitā and brahmagītikā (these are called gītikā). 3. f.
(-ntikā) The name of a metre regulated by quantity, a variety of the Vaitalīya q. v.; it consists of a stanza of four lines with sixteen mātrās in each line, the special conditions of each verse being similar to those of the Vaitalīya, q. v. E. aparānta, taddh. aff. kan.
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक):—(von aparānta)
1) m. Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Weber’s Verzeichniss 241, 24.] śroṇāparāntakāḥ [Burnouf 252.] —
2) Name eines Gesanges (gītaka) [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 113.]
--- OR ---
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक):—
1) [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S.5,70. 14,20.] [Oxforder Handschriften 217,b,10.] aparāntikāḥ striyaḥ ebend.
Aparāntaka (अपरान्तक):——
1) m. Pl. die Bewohner des äussersten Westens. f. apaāntikā. —
2) f. ntikā ein best. Metrum. —
3) n. ein best. Gesang.
Aparāntaka (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 阿波蘭多 [ā bō lán duō]: “Aparāntaka” [Sanskrit place name].
2) 阿波蘭多國 [ā bō lán duō guó]: “Aparāntaka” [Sanskrit place name].
3) 阿波蘭多迦 [ā bō lán duō jiā]: “Aparāntaka” [Sanskrit place name].
4) 阿波蘭多迦國 [ā bō lán duō jiā guó]: “Aparāntaka” [Sanskrit place name].
5) 阿般蘭得迦 [ā bān lán dé jiā]: “Aparāntaka” [Sanskrit place name].
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Pali-English dictionary
aparantaka (အပရန္တက) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[aparanta+ka]
[အပရန္တ+က]
[Pali to Burmese]
aparantaka—
(Burmese text): (၁) အပရန္တတိုင်း။ အပရန္တ-(၂)-လည်းကြည့်။ (တိ) (၂) အပရန္တတိုင်းသူတိုင်းသား။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Every apprentice. (2) Also check the apprentice. (3) Every apprentice is a person.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Aparanta, Apara, Ka, Antaka.
Starts with (+0): Aparantakalpa, Aparantakalpaka, Aparantakalpakoti, Aparantakappa, Aparantakappana, Aparantakappika, Aparantakappikabhava, Aparantakappikata, Aparantakappikavada.
Full-text (+24): A ban lan de jia, Aparanta, Gitaka, Gajjagiri, A bo lan duo jia, Aparantika, Subahu, Ashmaparantaka, A ba lan da, Yonaka Dhammarakkhita, Kumaralabha, Satodika, A ba lan da da, A ba lan da quoc, A ban lan dac da, Nilavannakusamala, A ba lan da da quoc, Nalamala, Guptika, Cikula.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Aparantaka, Aparāntaka, Apara-antaka, Aparanta-ka; (plurals include: Aparantakas, Aparāntakas, antakas, kas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Verses 3.113-114 < [Chapter 4 - Duties of the Ascetics (Yatis)]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
Mahavamsa (by Wilhelm Geiger)
Arts in the Puranas (study) (by Meena Devadatta Jeste)
6.1. Music in the Vishnudharmottara Purana < [Chapter 1 - Music in the Puranas]
4. Music in the Markandeya Purana < [Chapter 1 - Music in the Puranas]
5. Music in the Vayu Purana < [Chapter 1 - Music in the Puranas]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and Gītā (12): Musical Compositions < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 2.2 - Contents of Dattilakohalīyam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Kohala and Gītā (15): The concept of Prastara < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Cosmetics, Costumes and Ornaments in Ancient India (by Remadevi. O.)
7. Trade and Commerce (of clothes and dresses) < [Chapter 2 - Costumes]