Anukampa, Anukampā: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Anukampa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaktism
Anukampa (अनुकम्प) refers to “mercy”, according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, as Śrīkaṇṭha praised the Goddess: “Victory! Victory (to you who are) in the middle of the Liṅga of the Void (khaliṅga), invisible, (you who are) Light and (whose) form is the Supreme Void (ākāśa), worshipped with great devotion. I have come (to take) refuge (in you) O mistress (svāminī), have mercy [i.e., anukampa—jayānukampasva] on me. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा) refers to “showing compassion” (towards one’s worshipperss), as discussed in chapter 11 of the Sāttvatasaṃhitā: one of the most ancient of Pāñcarātra Āgamas consisting of roughly 3500 verses which stresses the theological standpoint of the oneness of God despite his various vyūhas (modes of existence), vibhavas (manifestations) and avatāras (incarnations).—Description of the chapter [vibhavamūrtidhyāna-vidhi]: [...] It is stated that God takes His many shapes out of His own desire to come within the grasp of His worshippers, doing so out of compassion [svayameva anukampayā] for His worshippers who have faith and devotion, etc. Indeed, God comes to man in five ways: in their believing hearts, as a Being in the sky, as a concentrated Power in this mundane world, as the recipient Person in the midst of the (sacrificial) Fire, and as the pervasive Spirit in the Waters (16b). [...]
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा) refers to “pity”, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XLII.—Accordingly, “[...] furthermore, great wisdom has as its nature the relinquishment (parityāga), the rejection (parivarjana) of dharmas; great loving-kindness and great compassion have as their nature pity for (anukampā) and service (upakāra) to beings. This pity and service are loved by all beings; that is why they call them great loving-kindness and great compassion of the Buddha”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Anukampa (अनुकम्प) refers to “symapthy”, according to the Ṭīkā Pot Worship [i.e., Kalaśapūjā] ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Come, highest divinity, to your own place, supreme being, (As) I carry out worship, continuously be turned towards me, For the symapthy of the patron (yajamāna—yajamānasyānukampāya), come near, all divinities”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा, “compassion”) refers to “compassion towards living beings (bhūta) in general” and is one of the causes leading to the influx (āsrana) of karmas extending pleasant feelings (sātāvedanīya).
Anukampā is a Sanskrit technical term defined in the Tattvārthasūtra (ancient authorative Jain scripture) from the 2nd century, which contains aphorisms dealing with philosophy and the nature of reality.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा, “compassion”) refers to an aspect of samyaktva (right belief) classified under the liṅga and guṇa heading, according to various Jain authors (e.g., Cāmuṇḍarāya, Amitagati and Vasunandin). Hemacandra, in his 12th century Yogaśāstra verse 2.15, defines anukampā as the desire to eliminate suffering: in this compassion for those in misery no partiality may be shown, for even a tiger will manifest affection for its own offspring. In its material aspect this virtue takes the form of practical steps to remedy suffering where one has the power and in its non-material aspect it expresses itself in tenderness of heart. It is, as Āśādhara stresses, the root of the whole sacred doctrine (Sāgāra-dharmāmṛta verse 1.4).
Anukampa (अनुकम्प, “compassion”) refers to one of the five Lakṣaṇas (“characteristics”), according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly, “[...] Vajranābha acquired strong Tirthakṛt-body-making and family-karma by the twenty sthānakas as follows:—[...] The ninth [sthānaka] is right-belief, free from the faults of doubt, etc., adorned with the qualities of firmness, etc., characterized by tranquillity, etc. [viz., anukampa-lakṣaṇa] [...]”.
Note: The characteristics (lakṣaṇa) are: tranquillity (śama); desire for emancipation (saṃvega); disgust with the world (nirveda); compassion (anukampa); faith in the principles of truth (āstikya).—(cf. Yogaśāstra 2.15.)
Anukampa (“compassion”) as one of the five characteristics of Saṃyagdarśana (“right-belief”), is also mentioned in chapter 1.3 in Ṛṣabha’s sermon:—
“[...] mokṣa is attained by those who practice unceasingly the brilliant triad of knowledge, faith, and conduct. Attachment to the principles told by the scriptures is called ‘right-belief’ (saṃyakśraddhāna or saṃyagdarśana), and is produced by intuition or instruction of a Guru. [...] Right-belief is marked by five characteristics: equanimity, desire for emancipation, disgust with existence, compassion, belief in principles of truth. Tenderness of heart of the one seeing the misery of all creatures, those with one sense, etc., mired in the ocean of existence, pain at their pain, and activity as much as possible for the sake of aiding them, that is called compassion (anukampā)”.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा).—What is meant by compassion (anukampā) towards living beings in general (bhūta)? Developing fellow feelings or distress at the sufferings of all other living beings and to consider their suffering as your own is general-compassion.
What is meant by compassion (anukampā) towards the devout (vrati) in particular? Developing special feelings or distress at the sufferings of householders practising minor vows (aṇuvratas) and the ascetics practising major vows (mahāvratas) and observing self control and to consider their suffering as own is devout-compassion in particular.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा).—What is anukampā? Compassion or pity with the inclination of helping the sufferer is anukampā.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
anukampā : (f.) compassion; pity.
Anukampā, (f.) (abstr. fr. anukampati) compassion, pity, mercy D.I, 204; M.I, 161; II, 113; S.I, 206; II, 274 (loka°); IV, 323; v.259 sq.; A.I, 64, 92; II, 159; III, 49; IV, 139; Pug.35. — Often in Abl. anukampāya out of pity, for the sake of D.III, 211 (loka° out of compassion for all mankind, + atthaya hitāya); J.III, 280; PvA.47, 147. (Page 34)
1) anukampa (အနုကမ္ပ) [(kri,vi) (ကြိ၊ဝိ)]—
[anu+kampa+tvā]
[အနု+ကမ္ပ+တွာ]
2) anukampa (အနုကမ္ပ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[(1)anu+kampa+a. (2) anukampā+ṇa]
[(၁)အနု+ကမ္ပ+အ။ (၂) အနုကမ္ပာ+ဏ]
3) anukampā (အနုကမ္ပာ) [(thī) (ထီ)]—
[anu+kampa+a]
[အနု+ကမ္ပ+အ]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) anukampa—
(Burmese text): [(၁)အနု+ကမ္ပ+အ။ (၂) အနုကမ္ပာ+ဏ]
(၁) သနား-စောင့်ရှောက်-ချီးမြှောက်-တတ်သော။ (၂) သနား-စောင့်ရှောက်-ချီးမြှောက်-ခြင်းရှိသော၊ သူ။ အနုကမ္ပတာ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Anu + Kamp + A. (2) Anukampa + Na. (1) Compassionate, caring, and worthy of praise. (2) A person who has compassion and care, who is worthy of praise. Look at Anukampata.
2) anukampa—
(Burmese text): သနား-စောင့်ရှောက်-ချီးမြှောက်-၍၊ ငဲ့ညှာ-ထောက်ထား-၍။
(Auto-Translation): Pity - care - praise - and, support - with sincerity.
3) anukampā—
(Burmese text): စိတ်တုန်လှုပ်ကြောင်းတရား၊ စိတ်တုန်လှုပ်ခြင်း၊ သနား-စောင့်ရှောက်-ချီးမြှောက်-ခြင်း။
(Auto-Translation): The essence of emotional turmoil, emotional upheaval, compassion - care - praise.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
anukampā (अनुकंपा).—f (S) Tenderness, compassion, pitifulness.
anukampā (अनुकंपा).—f Tenderness, compassion.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा).—[kamp-aṅ] Compassion, commiseration, pity; with gen.; तेषामेवानुकम्पार्थम् (teṣāmevānukampārtham) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 1.11; or with loc.; भक्त्या गुरौ मय्यनुकम्पया च (bhaktyā gurau mayyanukampayā ca) R.2.63; or in comp.; भूतानुकम्पा तव चेत् (bhūtānukampā tava cet) R.2.48; अनुकम्पायां कन् (anukampāyāṃ kan) P.V.3.76.
Anukampa (अनुकम्प).—[, read °pya, to be pitied: Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 6.14 anukampo (read °pyo) 'si…sugatānāṃ, you have the compassion of the Sugatas (Suzuki).]
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा).—f.
(-mpā) Tenderness, compassion. E. anu before kapi to tremble, and affix ac, and ṭāp.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा).—[anu-kamp + ā], f. Compassion, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 60.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—[=anu-kampā] [from anu-kamp] f. idem
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—[tatpurusha compound] f.
(-mpā) Compassion, tenderness. E. kamp with anu, kṛt aff. a, and fem. aff. ṭāp.
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—[anu-kampā] (mpā) 1. f. Compassion.
Anukampa (अनुकम्प):—s. anukampā .
--- OR ---
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—(wie eben) f. Mitleid, Mitgefühl [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 7, 18. 3, 4, 32,] [?(COL. 28,) 5. 6. Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 369.] mit dem gen.: teṣāmevānukampārtham [Bhagavadgītā 10, 11.] mit dem loc.: mayyanukampayā [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 63.] mit dem obj. componirt: bhūtānu [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 118, 32.] [?(SCHL. 2, 109, 31:] bhūtānukampa m.) [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 48.] viprā [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 16, 37.]
--- OR ---
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—[Rāmāyaṇa ed. Bomb. 2, 109, 31] wie [Gorresio] — [Spr. 1891.] sānukampam adv. [Daśakumāracarita] in [Benfey’ Chrestomathie aus Sanskritwerken 181, 13.]
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—f. Mitleid , Mitgefühl mit (gen. und Loc. oder im Comp. vorangehend) [40,19.157,27.]
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aṇuaṃpā, Aṇukaṃpa, Aṇukaṃpaya, Aṇukaṃpā, Aṇugaṃpā.
Anukampa (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 哀愍 [āi mǐn]: “pity”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Anukaṃpā (अनुकंपा):—(nf) kindness, compassion.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Aṇukaṃpa (अणुकंप) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Anukamp.
2) Aṇukaṃpa (अणुकंप) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Anukampya.
3) Aṇukaṃpa (अणुकंप) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Anukampa.
Aṇukaṃpa has the following synonyms: Aṇukaṃpaya.
4) Aṇukaṃpā (अणुकंपा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Anukampā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Anukaṃpa (ಅನುಕಂಪ):—[noun] sorrow for the sufferings or trouble of another or others, accompanied by an urge to help; deep sympathy; pity; compassion.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Anukampā (अनुकम्पा):—n. 1. compassion; kindness; 2. sympathy; 3. pity;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Tva, Kampa, Anu, A.
Starts with (+3): Anukampacitta, Anukampacittata, Anukampajatika, Anukampaka, Anukampaka Sutta, Anukampam, Anukampam-upadaya, Anukampamana, Anukampana, Anukampanasila, Anukampaniya, Anukampanta, Anukampartha, Anukampartham, Anukamparthaya, Anukampasabhava, Anukampashaya, Anukampasutta, Anukampata, Anukampati.
Full-text (+54): Lokanukampa, Anukampana, Anukampaka, Anukampati, Anukampita, Bhutanukampa, Anukampamana, Anukampi, Anukampanta, Anukampiya, Ubhayanukampa, Atthakamanukampa, Kulanukampa, Amisanukampa, Anukampasabhava, Mittanukampa, Anukampajatika, Anukampam-upadaya, Anukampitum, Anukampitabba.
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Search found 32 books and stories containing Anukampa, Anu-kampa, Anu-kampā, Anu-kampa-a, Anu-kampa-tva, Anu-kampa-tvā, Anukampā, Anukaṃpā, Aṇukaṃpa, Aṇukampa, Aṇukaṃpā, Aṇukampā, Anukaṃpa, Anukampaa; (plurals include: Anukampas, kampas, kampās, as, tvas, tvās, Anukampās, Anukaṃpās, Aṇukaṃpas, Aṇukampas, Aṇukaṃpās, Aṇukampās, Anukaṃpas, Anukampaas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 6.12 - The nature of Pleasant-feeling Karmas < [Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas]
Verse 1.2 - Right faith (samyagdarśana) < [Chapter 1 - Right Faith and Knowledge]
Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti) (by K. C. Lalwani)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 214 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 86 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 364 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Ratnakarandak Shravakachar by Acharya Samantabhadra (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 1.148 < [Section 7 - Eleven Stages (pratimā) of the Householder’s Conduct]
Traces of Mysticism in Jainism (Study) (by Sadhvi Madhystha Prabha)
The Three Jewels < [Chapter 4 - Concepts of Jainism and Mysticism]